2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第58期

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1、2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题（ ）, theres a good reason for her absence, as she doesnt usually stay away from work.问题1选项A.IdealB.PrincipallyC.PresumablyD.Originally【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。ideally “理想地”；principally “主要地”；presumably “大概”；originally “原始地”。句意：她没来可能是有原因的，因为她通常不会擅离岗位。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题

2、Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said. “The business of America is business.” By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.Few would argue with Fords statements. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much peop

3、le in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and managements, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most

4、national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the police of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred t

5、o as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.”The positive side of Henry Fords statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better jo

6、b. Jobs are produced in abundance because the U.S economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system crates more wealth, more job, and a materially better way of life.The negative side of Henry Fords statement, however, can be seen when the world business is taken to mean big

7、business. And the term big business-referring to the biggest companies-is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the fight to form unions. Today many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is

8、still some employee anxiety. Downsizingthe laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high creates feeling of insecurity for many.1.The United States is a typical country（ ）.2.The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that（ ）.3.According to the passage,

9、immigrants choose to settle in the U.S dreaming that（ ）.4.Henry Fords statement can be taken negatively because（ ）.5.A companys efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in（ ）.问题1选项A.which encourages free trades at home and abroadB.which normally works according to the federal budgetC

10、.where all businesses are managed in a scientific wayD.where peoples chief concern is how to make money问题2选项A.Americans of all professions know how to do businessB.even public organizations concentrate on working for profitsC.most newspapers are run by big businessesD.even arts and entertainment are

11、 regarded as business问题3选项A.they can start profitable businesses thereB.they can be more competitive in businessC.they will make a fortune overnight thereD.they will find better chances of employment问题4选项A.working people are facing to fight for their rightsB.there are many industries controlled by a

12、 few big capitalistsC.there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and laborD.public services are not run by the federal government问题5选项A.reduction in the number of employeesB.improvement of working conditionsC.fewer disputes between labor and managementD.a rise in workers wages【答案】第

13、1题:D第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段第二句话提到“亨利福特的话意味着美国人的生活都是建立在商业价值上的”（By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world），换句话说，美国人关心的就是如何去创造商业价值，选项D“人们主要关心的问题是如何赚钱”符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。文章第二段主要讲述了与报纸相关的内容，无论是什么类型的报纸，都能看到与商业相关的内容。文章第二段最后一句话提到即使是艺术和娱乐都被看成是“娱乐业”（Th

14、e world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.”），这证明了美国的商业影响非常广泛。选项D符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段第一句话提到“这么多人来美国生活的一个重要原因是他们可以在这里找到更好的工作”（One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the

15、 dream of a better job），选项D符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。文章最后一段提到了亨利福特的观点的负面影响：大公司与劳动力之间的矛盾（And the term big business-referring to the biggest companies-is seen in opposition to labor），选项C “大公司与劳动力之间存在对立关系”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。题目问的是“如果一家公司想低消耗，高利润，会导致什么结果？”文章最后一段最后一句话提到“裁员上千员工失业，公司花费减少，利润增加”（Downsizingthe laying off of

16、thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high creates feeling of insecurity for many），选项A “雇员人数减少”符合题意。3. 单选题I absolutely oppose the （ ）that privatization（私有化）is now inevitable in our industry.问题1选项A.noticeB.notionC.impressionD.conscience【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。notice通知；notion概念，见解；impression印象；

17、conscience道德心，良心。句意：我完全反对认为私有化在我们这个行业是不可避免的这种见解。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and （ ）increase its market power.问题1选项A.thereforeB.therebyC.henceD.further【答案】B【解析】副词辨析题。therefore因此，所以；thereby从而，因此；hence因此，今后；further而且。句意：公司有时可能会亏本出售将竞争对手挤出市场

18、，从而提高其市场权力。选项B更符合语境。5. 单选题More than one-third of the Chinese in the United States live in California （ ） in San Francisco.问题1选项A.previouslyB.predominantlyC.practicallyD.permanently【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。previously “以前，预先”；predominantly “主要地”；practically “实际地”；permanently “永久地，长期不变地”。句意：超过三分之一的住在美国的中国人主要住

19、在旧金山。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题The car, at least as we know it, is on the way out, because its exhaust （ ）a threat to the environment.问题1选项A.originatesB.posesC.offendsD.paralyzes【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。originate起源，发源；pose造成问题等；offend冒犯，进攻；paralyze使麻痹。句意：至少就我们所知，汽车正在被淘汰，因为它的废气对环境造成了威胁。pose a threat to为固定搭配，表示“对.造成威胁”，所以

20、选项B正确。7. 单选题Blood vessels running all through the lungs carry blood to each air sac（囊）, or alveolus（肺泡）, and then back again to the heart. Only the thin wall of the air sac and the thin wall of a capillary（毛细血管）are between the air and the blood. So oxygen easily diffuses from the air sacs through th

21、e walls into the blood, while carbon dioxide easily diffuses from the blood through the walls into the air sacs.When blood is sent to the lungs by the heart, it has come back from the cells in the rest of the body. So the blood that goes into the wall of an air sac contains much dissolved carbon dio

22、xide but very little oxygen. At the same time, the air that goes into the air sac contains much oxygen but very little carbon dioxide. You have learned that dissolved materials always diffuse from where there is more of them to where there is less. Oxygen from the air dissolves in the moisture on th

23、e lining of the air sac and diffuses through the lining into the blood. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air sac. The blood then flows from the lungs back to the heart, which sends it out to all other parts of the body.Soon after air goes into an air sac, it gives up some o

24、f its oxygen and takes in some carbon dioxide from the blood. To keep diffusion going as it should, this carbon dioxide must be gotten rid of. Breathing, which is caused by movements of the chest, forces the used air out of the air sacs in your lungs and brings in fresh air. The breathing muscles ar

25、e controlled automatically so that you breathe at the proper rote to keep your air sacs supplied with fresh air. Ordinarily, you breathe about twenty-two times a minute. Of course, you breathe faster when you are exercising and slower when you are resting. Fresh air is brought into your lungs when y

26、ou breathe in, or inhale（吸入）, while used air is forced out of your lungs when you breathe out, or exhale.Some people think that all the oxygen is taken out of the air in the lungs and that what we breathe out is pure carbon dioxide. But these ideas are not correct. Air is a mixture of gases that is

27、mostly nitrogen（氮）. This gas is not used in the body. So the amount of nitrogen does not change as air is breathed in and out. But while air is in the lungs, it is changed in three ways: (1) About one fifth of the oxygen in the air goes into the blood. (2) An almost equal amount of carbon dioxide co

28、mes out of the blood into the air. (3) Moisture from the linings of the air passages and air sacs evaporates until the air is almost saturated.1.It can be inferred from the passage that oxygen and carbon dioxide（ ）.2.When blood travels back to the lungs by the heart,（ ）.3.The movement of breathing c

29、an effectively（ ）.4.When we breathe out, the amount of nitrogen（ ）.5.The air in the lungs changes through（ ）.问题1选项A.produce energy for breathingB.diffuse immediately in the bloodC.penetrate slowly into the air sacsD.travel in opposite ways in the lungs问题2选项A.more oxygen was contained in bloodB.more

30、carbon dioxide was contained in the bloodC.less carbon dioxide was contained in an air sacD.less oxygen was contained in an air sac问题3选项A.help the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungsB.prevent the inhaling of excessive carbon dioxideC.keep the regular circulation of bloodD.strengthen t

31、he function of breathing muscles问题4选项A.increases a bit because of the exchange of airB.reduces a bit because of the exchange of airC.remains the same as we breathe it inD.keeps the same as that needed in lungs问题5选项A.inhaling some amount of oxygenB.the evaporation of moistureC.exhaling some amount of

32、 carbon dioxideD.generating a passage for evaporation【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章提到气囊中二氧化碳过多会迫使人进行呼吸，而不是说它们为呼吸产生能力，因此选项A可以排除；文章第一段最后一句话的后半部分提到“二氧化碳很容易从血液中扩散到气囊中”（while carbon dioxide easily diffuses from the blood through the walls into the air sacs），由此可知二氧化碳是扩散到气囊而不是到血液中，所有选项B可以排除；

33、文章第一段最后一句话的前半部分提到“所以氧气可以很轻易地通过气囊壁从气囊扩散到血液中”（so oxygen easily diffuses from the air sacs through the walls into the blood），所以选项C“它们都是很慢地渗透到气囊中”说法错误，排除。因此，选项D符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第一句话提到“当血液被心脏送到肺里的时候，它是从身上其他细胞里流回来的，所以流入气囊壁的血液带有很多溶解的二氧化碳和少量的空气”（When blood is sent to the lungs by the heart, it has come b

34、ack from the cells in the rest of the body. So the blood that goes into the wall of an air sac contains much dissolved carbon dioxide but very little oxygen），所以这个时候血液里的二氧化碳含量会增加，选项B符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到“由胸部的运动而产生的呼吸，促进了废气从气囊中排除，为肺部带来新鲜的空气”（Breathing, which is caused by movements of the chest, force

35、s the used air out of the air sacs in your lungs and brings in fresh air. The breathing muscles are controlled automatically so that you breathe at the proper rote to keep your air sacs supplied with fresh air），选项A“帮助肺部的氧气和二氧化碳进行交换”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第四段提到“空气是气体混合而成,其中氮气含量最高，这种气体我们人体不需要，所以当我们吸气和呼气时这种其

36、他的含量是不会变的”（Air is a mixture of gases that is mostly nitrogen. This gas is not used in the body. So the amount of nitrogen does not change as air is breathed in and out），选项C“与吸入时一样”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一句提到气道和气囊中的水分会一直蒸发直到空气几乎饱和的时候（Moisture from the linings of the air passages and air sacs evaporates u

37、ntil the air is almost saturated），选项B“通过水分的蒸发”符合题意。8. 单选题Cares should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is（ ）loud continuous noise.问题1选项A.associated withB.subjected toC.filled withD.attached to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。be associated with意为“与联系”；be subjected to意为“受到，被折磨”；be filled with意为“充满，装满”；

38、be attached to意为“附属于，喜爱”。句意：应注意缩短人们遭受持续噪声的时间长度。9. 单选题I will hold you personally （ ）if anything goes wrong in this project.问题1选项A.destructiveB.lucrativeC.diverseD.responsible【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。destructive有害的，毁灭性的；lucrative获利多的；diverse不同的，多种多样的；responsible负责的，可靠的。句意：如果这个项目出了什么问题，我将追究你个人的责任。选项D符合句意。10. 单选

39、题When I went into the dining room the next morning, the（ ） of the dinner were still on the table.问题1选项A.remainsB.reliesC.remnantsD.surplus【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。remain “遗迹，剩余物”；rely “依靠”；remnant “剩余”；surplus “剩余；顺差”。句意：当我第二天早上去餐厅时，昨天晚餐剩下的东西还在桌上。选项A符合题意。11. 翻译题环境与我们的生存息息相关。越来越严重的环境污染影响了我们的生活，我们 理当应该更加重视环境

40、保护问题。近年来，由于车辆和工厂不断增加，空气和生活品质也不断恶化。此外，许多人缺乏公德心，乱丢垃圾，以致污染了湖泊和河流。更重要的是，农民大量使用化学药物使食物中毒事件一再发生。长此下去，我们将呼吸不到新鲜的空气，喝不到纯净的水，吃不到营养的食物了。正因为问题很严重，环境污染受到了各个国家政府的关注。就拿中国政府为例，2001年，全国环境污染治理投资为1106.6亿元，比上年增加4.3%，人民也会公开谈论政府对于环境污染的新举措。总的来说，环境污染加剧的情况得到了一些控制。毕竟，我们只有一个地球可以居住，保护环境非常重要。我们主张严格控制环境以保护环境。同时，不仅仅是政府，每一个人，不管你住

41、在哪里，都应该尽力保护环境。以免其恶化。【答案】The existence of humans is directly bound with the environment in which we live. We should pay more attention to environmental protection because of the influence of more and more serious environmental pollution on our living.In recent years, with the increasing number of car

42、s and factories, the quality of air and living is worsening. In addition, lacking of social morality, some people litter rubbish at will, which contaminates lakes and rivers. Whats worse, farmers overusing chemical drugs lead to repeated incidents of food poisoning. If the situation goes on like thi

43、s, we wont have fresh air to breathe, pure water to drink, or nourishing food to eat.Different governments attach great importance on environmental pollution due to the severity of the situation. Take Chinese government as an example, in 2011, the investment for environmental pollution treatment com

44、e to 110.66 billion yuan, an increase of 4.3 percent compared with the previous year. And people talked openly about the governments new measures against environmental pollution. In short, the tendency to worsening environmental pollution has been controlled.After all, there is only one earth. It is

45、 very important to protect environment. We advocate strict control of pollution to protect environment. Meanwhile, everyone, besides the government, no matter where you are, should try ones best to prevent the environment from deteriorating.12. 单选题We should get （ ）to that new journal.问题1选项A.a subscr

46、iptionB.a prescriptionC.an inscriptionD.a conscription【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。subscription “捐献，订阅”；prescription “药方，指示”；inscription “题词，铭文”；conscription “征兵”。句意：我们应该订阅那本新杂志。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题The theory of（ ）was developed by Darwin and is now understood by nearly everybody in the world.问题1选项A.determinationB.d

47、istributionC.disciplineD.evolution【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。determination “决心”；distribution “分布”；discipline “学科；纪律”；evolution “演变，进化论”。句意：进化论由达尔文提出，现在几乎世界上每个人都知道这个理论。选项D符合题意。14. 单选题In order to strengthen his arguments, Toffler （ ）respectable social scientists who agree with him.问题1选项A.recitesB.confirmsC.quo

48、tesD.convinces【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。recite意为“背诵，朗诵，列举”；confirm意为“确认，批准，证实”；quote意为“引述，引用”；convince意为“使相信，说服，使承认”。句意：为了加强他的论点，托夫勒引用了同意他观点的受人尊敬的社会科学家的话。15. 单选题A healthy and better-educated new generation is a （ ）for sustainable economic and social development of all countries.问题1选项A.guaranteeB.securityC.dem

49、andD.target【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。guarantee保障，担保；security安全；demand需求；target目标。句意：身体健康、受到良好教育的新一代是所有国家经济和社会可持续发展的保障。选项A符合句意。16. 单选题The journalist got the （ ）news that the famous actress would change her husband for the seventh time.问题1选项A.sentimentalB.sensationalC.sensibleD.sensitive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。sentimen

50、tal意为“伤感的，多情的，多愁善感的”；sensational意为“轰动的，引起哗然的”；sensible意为“明智的，理智的，合理的”；sensitive意为“敏感的，易受伤害的”。句意：这位记者得到了一个轰动的消息，那就是这位著名女演员将第七次更换丈夫。17. 单选题The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, a

51、nd the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul, the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the di

52、stance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biographynot for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate.There is no ideal

53、 position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses; to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject

54、, and select a position accordingly.When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive; they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are

55、. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class.Biographers may claim that their account is the “authentic” one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is “authorized” by the subject; this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “Una

56、uthorized” biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the “unauthorized” characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biograp

57、hies, even several “authentic” ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell “the” story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.1.According to the authors an ideal biographer would be one who （ ）.2.The author cites the biograph

58、ies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that（ ）.3.Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?4.An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because（ ）.5.In this passage, the author focuses on（ ）.问题1选项A.knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper

59、distance from himB.is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writingC.is independent and treats the subjects with fairness and objectivityD.possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject问题2选项A.the best biographies are meant to transform their readersB

60、.biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects livesC.the best biographies are those of heroes and famous figuresD.biographies can serve different purposes问题3选项A.An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readersB.An authentic biography is one authorized by the subjectC.No one can write a p

61、erfect biographyD.Authorized biographies have a wider readership问题4选项A.it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividlyB.it contains interesting information about the subjects private lifeC.it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsidersD.it usually gives a sympathetic description of th

62、e subjects character问题5选项A.the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his jobB.the secret of a biographer to win more readersC.the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biographyD.the characteristics of different kinds of biographies【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may lose obje