2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第8期

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1、2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 填空题Do you know how we can get （ ）to hold an outdoor concert on campus?【答案】permission【解析】固定搭配。Get permission to 获得权限。2. 填空题Our research team is（1） to complete a major project. Our findings will be（2） in a series of articles scheduled to appear next year. I will

2、 also（3） the results at a conference being （4）in Sydney later this year.句意: 我们的研究小组将要完成一个重点项目。我们的研究成果将发表在一系列计划明年出现的文章中。随后我也将在今年的悉尼会议上公布这些成果。【答案】1.going2.published3.announce4.held【解析】1.固定搭配。Be going to do 将要。2.语义题。发表用publish,此处为被动语态， 故用published。3.语义题。此处表示 “公布成果”。4.固定搭配。hold a conference 举办会议。这里是被动语态

3、故用held。3. 填空题Dont try to use that printer. Its been out of （ ）for ages. I dont know why they still havent repaired it.【答案】order【解析】固定搭配。out of order 发生故障。4. 单选题When I approached the British embassy to apply a visa to work on a design project in Aberdeen, I hardly expected that it would take six mont

4、hs to obtain one.问题1选项A.to apply a visa to workB.on a design projectC.hardlyD.that it would take six months toE.没有错误【答案】A【解析】动词误用。动词apply为不及物动词, 后面接宾语时应加介词for。Apply for 申请。5. 单选题noticed that most of rock samples showed signs of damage from the poor treatment they had received in the laboratory.问题1选项

5、A.noticedB.most of rock samplesC.signs of damage fromD.had received in the【答案】B【解析】冠词误用。rock前加the。由most of后面跟名词短语时一般需在名词短语前添加定冠词“the”。6. 填空题The company that I work （1）has just （2）that it is opening new stores in the five （3）cities in India.【答案】1.for;2.announced;3.biggest【解析】1.固定搭配。that I work 为定语从句修

6、饰先行词The company, 因此填介词for合适,work for为效力。2.语义题。第二空应填入一个谓语动词,而且由空前的has just推测应填谓语动词的过去分词,宾语是that引导的从句。故announced “宣布”合适。3.语义题。第三空应为形容词修饰cities，故填biggest。the five biggest cities in India印度最大的五个城市。7. 填空题Who（1） you how to prepare specimens for analysis? You do it so well! I（2）that I could do it as skillf

7、ully as you. Unfortunately I wasnt given very good training（3） lab techniques when I was a student. Although I know you*re too（4） to be my teacher, I would appreciate it if youd （5）out any mistakes I make. Im always （6）to improve.大意: 是谁教你如何去准备这个分析样本的？你做得这么好！我希望我能和你一样做得精巧。不幸的是，当我是个学生的时候，我在实验技术方面没有受过很

8、好的培训。尽管，我知道你太忙而不能成为我的老师，但是如果你能指出我犯的错误，我会很感激。 我总渴望进步。【答案】1.taught2.wish3.in4.busy5.point6.eager【解析】1.词汇题。根据后面的how to prepare推测空格处应表示 “告诉,教”,且此处应为一般过去时。2.词汇题。句意:我希望我能和你一样做得精巧。3.词汇题。In表示 “在方面”。4.词汇题。句意: 我知道你太忙而不能成为我的老师。5.固定搭配。Point out 指出(错误等)。6.固定搭配。Be eager to 渴望。8. 单选题Just as one needs a J.D. to bec

9、ome a lawyer in America, one must obtain a M.D. in order to qualify as a physician, though the degree is not the only requirement.问题1选项A.Just as one needs a J.DB.a M.DC.qualify as aD.though the degree is not the onlyE.没有问题【答案】E【解析】9. 填空题Im（1） a birthday party on Friday and I hope you（2） join us.【答案】

10、1.having;2. will【解析】固定搭配。第一空需要填一个现在分词，用进行时态表示将来，故having合适。have a birthday party 举办生日派对。10. 填空题John used to drink heavily at business gatherings. His friends and （1）warned him not to drive when he had been drinking, but he always（2） their warnings and drove anyway. The （3）never stopped him while he w

11、as on the road, so he concluded that he was an excellent driver（4） when he was drunk. This,（5） , was false, as he proved one evening on his （6）back from a dinner with clients. Very drunk, he drove through a red light and crashed into an oncoming car with five passengers. Two were （7）instantly, two w

12、ere injured and one, the driver, escaped unharmed. John survived, but he spent two and a half months in the hospital（8） from his many injuries. After his trial he was sent to（9） for three years. He was released last month. Now he is（10） to rebuild his life.【答案】1.colleagues2.ignored3.police4.even5.ho

13、wever6.way7.killed8.recovering9.jail10.trying【解析】1.语义题。由前一句中的“business gatherings(商业聚会)”及本句的 “friends(朋友)”推测此处应填 “colleagues(同事)”。2.逻辑分析。由关键词“but但是”及drove anyway不管怎样还是开车”知这里表示“忽视他们的警告”。3.语义题。由关键词 “stop him让他停下了”及“on the road在路上”可推知第三个空应填“police警察”。4.逻辑分析。这里用even表示让步: 即使喝醉了。5.逻辑分析。However表示转折 “然而”。6.

14、固定搭配。on ones way 在路上。7.语义题。句意: 两人当场死亡，两人受伤，一名司机毫发无伤地逃跑。8.固定搭配。recover from恢复,痊愈。而前面是spend time in (花费时间做某事) , 后面应接动词的ing形式。所以这里填recovering。9.语义题。后面句子说: He was released last month (他上个月被释放), 所以前面说 “被判入狱”。10.语义题。句意: 现在他正在尝试重建他的生活。11. 单选题Finally he lowered his eves in a show of respect and said, That r

15、oom is reserved for honored guests from rich countries. I was so shocking that I didnt know how to reply.问题1选项A.lowered his eves inB.a show of respectC.honored guestsD.was so shockingE.没有错误【答案】D【解析】形容词误用。shocking改为shocked。句意:最后，他目光低垂以表尊敬，并且说:那个房间时专门招待富裕国家的尊客。我感到非常震惊,以至于不知道如何回答。shocking 令人震惊的。shocked

16、 感到震惊的。12. 单选题Some of best testimony on states and societies of medieval Central Asia is to be found in reports made by Tang travelers and diplomats for the benefit of the imperial court in Chang，an.问题1选项A.Some of best testimonyB.states and societies of medieval CentralC.is to be found inD.for the b

17、enefit ofE.没有错误【答案】A【解析】冠词遗漏。最高级best(最好的)为特指, 前面应该加冠词the。13. 填空题When I was young I always（1） to become a scientist, but at the age of 18 I（2） my parents advice and decided to study law instead. Nowadays I think this was a mistake. When I look back on my life, I （3）my decision.（4） , these is nothing

18、that I can do about it now.【答案】1.wanted2.took3.regret4.unfortunately【解析】1.语义题。句意: 在我年轻时，我经常想成为科学家。2.固定搭配。Take someones advice 听从某人建议3.语义题。空格前 “mistake 错误”一词可推测此处句意为: 当我回顾我的人生时，我后悔我的决定。4.语义题。句意: 遗憾的是现在我不能为我的决定做任何事情。14. 填空题A: Silvia has suggested（1） to the cinema this evening. How do you feel （2）that?

19、B: To tell the（3） , Im not really in the（4） to go out again. Its been a long day.Would you （5）spending a quiet evening at home （6）?A: No, not really. Ill phone Silvia and tell her that well go out with her other（7） night.【答案】going; about; truth; mood; mind; together; the【解析】句意:一一西尔维娅提议今晚去电影院。你觉得怎样？一

20、一实话说，我真的不想出去了。你介意一起在家里度过安静的一晚吗？一一不会的。我给西尔维娅打电话告诉她我们改天晚上再跟她出去吧。1.语义题。句意为: 西尔维娅提议今晚去电影院。空前为suggest 后面接doing sth.,故填going。2.固定搭配。feel about sth. 认为, 感觉。3.常用语。to tell the truth 实话说。4.固定搭配。in the mood to do sth. 有兴趣做某事。5.常用语。would you mind doing sth. 是否介意做某事。6.语义题。句意为: 你介意一起在家里度过安静的一晚吗?故填together。7.语法分析。

21、The other night表示 “另一晚”。15. 填空题How are your wedding plans going?Id （1）not talk about them, if you dont （2）.Oh, Pm sorry, I didnt mean to pry句意:你的婚礼筹备的怎么样了？如果你不介意的话，我宁愿不讨论这个 。哦，不好意思啊，我不是想要打听的。【答案】1.rather2.mind【解析】1.固定搭配。Id rather not我宁可不。2.固定搭配。if you dont mind如果你不介意的话。16. 单选题I hope that we can agre

22、e to take an unified approach to dealing with the opposition to our project proposal. We need to coordinate our efforts.问题1选项A.hope that we can agreeB.take an unifiedC.to dealingD.effortsE.没有错误【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。B项去掉冠词an。take unified approach 采取一致的手段。17. 单选题The students, arriving at the usual time for br

23、eakfast, were extremely fhrious when they discovered that the prices of almost the food items had doubled overnight.问题1选项A.students, arrivingB.were extremely fhriousC.almost the food itemsD.had doubledE.没有问题【答案】B【解析】副词多余。去除extremely。由 furious 的英文释义“marked by extreme and violent energy or extreme ang

24、er”知它已经含有extremely“极其；非常”的意思，故B项这里的“extremely” 属于重复，应该去除。18. 填空题Ill be（1） if Martin and Silvia get married. They seem to quarrel all the time. I have trouble believing that any union of theirs would（2） .【答案】surprised; survive【解析】1.语义题。句意：如果马丁和希维亚结婚了，我会感到惊讶。2.语义题。句意: 他们好像一直在吵架。我不大相信他们这样的结合会持续长久。他们一直在

25、吵架,我觉得可能很难维系下来,所以填survive。19. 单选题Is evolution predictable, or was it heavily shaped by random events? Biologists have argued over this question for decades. Some suggest that if we replayed the history of life on our planet, the resulting species would be different. Opponents counter that life is la

26、rgely deterministic.Recently, researchers have begun to ask the same questions about rocks. Some 5, 000 minerals have been found on Earth. But minerals didnt simply appear all at once when the Earth formed. They materialized over time, each crystal arising in response to the conditions of the partic

27、ular epoch in which it formed. Minerals evolved in some cases, in response to life. So are todays minerals a predictable consequence of the planets chemical makeup, or the result of chance events? What if we were to spot another earth-like planet in the cosmos - would we expect its gemstones to matc

28、h ours, or would they shine in ways never seen before?Robert Hazen, a mineral physicist at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and his colleagues are publishing a series of papers this year that reveal broad insights into whether geology is a matter of fate. Minerals on Earth may indeed have bee

29、n guided by deterministic rules that could apply to other worlds as well, they found. But our planet is rife with extremely rare minerals, which suggests that chance occurrences also play a significant part. In addition, if we found an earth-like twin elsewhere in the universe, many common minerals

30、would likely be the same but that planet would probably also hold many minerals unlike any existing here.The findings arent just a matter of curiosity. Some minerals may have helped early organisms emerge. And understanding which minerals could have formed on earth-like planets may help scientists b

31、etter predict which worlds are likeliest to harbor life. Conversely, some minerals arise only in the presence of organisms. So finding patterns in Earths mineral distribution could help scientists identify a mineralogical signature for life, and then search for it on other planetsTraditionally, mine

32、ralogy has been dominated by analysis of the structures and formation of individual minerals. But in a 2008 study Hazen and his colleagues took a more historical view. The researchers assessed earths known minerals and tried to establish when the conditions were right for their formation. The team c

33、oncluded that about two-thirds of earths minerals would not have emerged until life was present. For example, early microorganisms seeded the atmosphere with oxygen, which interacted with existing minerals to yield new ones. Hazen points out that this so-called Great Oxygenation Event had a revoluti

34、onary impact, opening the door to thousands of new minerals.Hazen and collaborators then set out to investigate the role that chance played in mineral formation. First, they studied the relation between mineral diversity and the abundance of individual elements in earths crust. They found that the m

35、ore abundant the element, the more minerals it formed. They then performed the same exercise with minerals from the moon. A similar relationship held, even though the number of known minerals there is much smaller. This common trend suggested an element of determinism: Given starting chemical condit

36、ions, one could predict, to a certain extent, which minerals would form.The team did find outliers, however, Hazens team believes there are chemical reasons for the discrepancies. Their results still support the idea of determinism, said co-author Edward Grew, a petrologist at the University of Main

37、e, because “we can explain why theyre not obeying the rules.” Peter Heaney, a mineralogist at Pennsylvania State University, said that the reasons given for the outliers make sense. “What is important is that Hazen is making us think about mineral diversification in a new way,” said Heaney, who was

38、not involved in the study.Harans team also found evidence for the role of chance. The researchers used a crowd-sourced database to retrieve more than 650,000 mineral ostentations at specific locations around the world: 22% of all minerals were reported in only one place, 12% in only two places. The

39、presence of so many extreme rarities suggests that randomness does play a role, said NASA astrobiologist Chris McKay, who was not involved in the study. “Thats the hallmark of chance events.” These rare minerals might appear only under fortuitous circumstances, e.g. an unusual assembly of rocks that

40、 concentrates elements together.What would happen if earths history were replayed? There are about 15,300 plausible ways to combine naturally occurring element into unique minerals, the researchers estimate. In a rerun of earth, they say, at least one-quarter of the planets roughly 5,000 minerals wo

41、uld come out differently. In addition, the likelihood that another planet has exactly the same set of minerals as Earth is less than 1 in 10. In other words, our planets precise mineral composition is unlikely to be found anywhere else in the universe.1.Scientists use the philosophical term “determi

42、nistic” .（ ）2.According to Chris McKay, if something only occurs once or twice in a large and complex natural system .（ ）3.Based on this article, we may conclude that minerals .（ ）4.The opinion of Peter Heaney is cited in this article .（ ）问题1选项A.because they commonly believe in a fate or destiny tha

43、t defines all outcomes.B.when something can be determined or established, and therefore known with clarity.C.to refer to the small number of things in nature that are not the result of pure chance.D.to refer to outcomes resulting from hard rules or laws acting in natural systems.问题2选项A.there is a sl

44、ight possibility that it is the product of chance.B.there is virtually no possibility that its existence is randomC.there is a considerable likelihood that it came about randomly.D.it can only be the product of pure necessity operating in that system问题3选项A.predate life and exist wholly independently

45、 of it.B.are dependent on life for most of their present variety on Earth.C.cannot yet be historically correlated with the evolution of life, at least on EarthD.will display variety as great as what we see on Earth on planets everywhere问题4选项A.because he has no apparent reason other than the persuasi

46、veness of the scientific evidence itself to support Hazens views.B.because he is an expert on minerals, and thus more qualified than other scientists cited in the article to evaluate Hazens conclusions.C.because he is a professor at a university well known for the high quality of its research staff

47、in the earth sciences.D.because he is an authority on statistical outliers in geological field data.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.词义题。根据题干关键词deterministic定位至第十五段: Minerals on Earth may indeed have been guided by deterministic rules that could apply to other worlds as well(地球上的矿物质有可 能由确定性的规则来引导，而这些规则

48、也可以运用到其它地方去)。可知此处 的deterministic与rules（规则）有关, 因此推测C项正确: 指在自然系统内严格遵守 的规则和规律。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词Chris McKay定位至第二十段: The presence of so many extreme rarities suggests that randomness does play a role (如此多的极端少数事件的存在意味着随机性确实发挥了作用)。由此可知在一个大而复杂的自然系统内只出现了一两次，说明其很大可能是随机偶然出现，选C。3.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第十七段: The team concl

49、uded that about two-thirds of earths minerals would not have emerged until life was present(研究小组得出结论,地球上大约三分之二的矿物质是人类存在后才出现的)。所以选B: 依靠地球上存在的大部分多元化 的生命体。4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词Peter Heaney定位至第十九段:“What is important is that Hazen is making us think about mineral diversification in a new way,” said Heaney (Hea

50、ney说: “重要的是，Hazen让我们以一种新的方式思考矿物质的多样化”)。所以此处引用Peter Heaney的话是为了给Hazen提供论点支撑。因此A项 “因为除了科学证据本身的说服力之外,他没有明显的理由支持Hazen的观点”正确。20. 单选题to acclaim A as X: to praise A publicly and enthusiastically as X.an anatomist: a medical scientist who cuts open dead bodies to study them to commission X: to order X (to b

51、e made or obtained) a corpse: a dead body to disinter: to unbury gynecology: the medical field dealing with womens diseases a henchman: a supporter or assistant willing to use violence or criminal means leukemia: blood cancer lucrative profitable a midwife: a person trained to help women give birtho

52、bese: very fat obstetrics: the medical field that deals with pregnancy and the delivery of babies pajamas: light clothes for sleeping in a par: a level a poorhouse: (historical) a public shelter in which jobless poor people were fed in exchange for work a practitioner: someone works actively in (a p

53、rofession) proximity: nearness a serial killer: someone who murder a number of people in separate incidents Sherlock Holmes: the most famous detective in English literature a spree: a period of wild activity unsavoury: dishonest, untrustworthy and probably involved in crime1. William hunter and Will

54、iam Smellie commissioned a regular supply of corpses so they could study the physical effects of pregnancy, argues respected historian Don Shelton. These men are giants of medicine, pioneers of the care that women receive during childbirth and were the founding fathers of obstetrics. The names of Wi

55、lliam hunter and William Smellie still inspire respect among todays doctors, more than 250 years after they made their contributions to healthcare, Such were the duos reputations as outstanding physicians the clienteles of their private practices included the rich and famous of mid-18th-centruy Lond

56、on.2. But were they also serial killers? New research published in the JOURNAL OF THE Royal Society of Medicine (JRSM) claims that they were. A detailed historical study accuses the doctors of arranging for the killing of dozens of women, many in the later stages of pregnancy, to dissect their corps

57、es. “Smellie and Hunter were responsible for a series of 18th-century burking murders of pregnant women, with a death total greater than the combined murders committed by Burke and Hare and Jack the Ripper” writes Shelton. (“Burking” involved murdering people to order, usually for medical research;

58、to avoid trouble with the law, it was important to kill the victims in such a way that they seemed to have died of natural causes. The verb “to burke” is derived from the name of William Burke, an Irishman convicted in Endinburgh in 1829of killing people so he could sell their bodies for medical exp

59、eriments.)3. According to Shelton, Hunter and Smellie were between them responsible for the murders of-40 pregnant women and their unborn children. Acting separately, and using henchmen to deliver. Their supply, they organized a killing spree in London between 1749 and 1755and, after a period of ina

60、ctivity enforced by mounting suspicion about the source of heir corpses, resumed between 1764 and 1774. Motivated by ego, personal rivalry and a shared desire to benefit from being acclaimed as the foremost childbirth doctors of their time, Hunter and Smellie sacrificed life after life in their ques

61、ts to study pregnancys physical effects and to develop new techniques, the author says. “Although it sounds absolutely incredible, the circumstantial literary evidence suggests they were most likely competing with each other in experimenting with secret caesarean sections on conscious, or freshly mu

62、rdered, victims, with a view to extracting and reviving the babies,” Shelton told the Observer.”4. Shelton examined the mens anatomical atlases, containing detailed images ofpregnant women who had been opened up, and medical literature and the causes of death in London at the time. Glasgows Hunteria

63、n museum and gallery is named after Scottish-born Hunter, who in 1762 became physician to Queen Charlotte, wife of George III, He helped her to deliver the future king George IV, Smellie, a fellow Scot, is no less distinguished, From Witchcraft to Wisdom, a textbook on the history of obstetric and gynaecological medicine, hails him as “the greatest obstetrician in the history