2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷7

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1、2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Such euphemisms may be stylistically permissible if they are kept within .问题1选项A.boundariesB.rangesC.bordersD.limits【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项boundaries n.界限，分界线，边界；B选项ranges n.里程，范围；C选项borders n.边界，边缘地区；D选项limits n.范围，限制，领土。句意：这样的委婉用法在文体结构上是可以的，但前提是要在有限范围内使用。根据句意可

2、知，D项符合题意。因此，D项是正确答案。2. 翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.Every book stands by itself, like a one-family house, but books in a library are like houses in a city. Although they are separated, together they all add up to something; they are connected with each other and with other cities.

3、 The same ideas, or related ones, turn up in different places; the human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat themselves in literature, but with different solutions according to different writings at different times. Books influence each other; they link the past, the present and the futur

4、e and have their own generations, like families. Wherever you start reading you connect yourself with one of the families of ideas, and in the long run, you not only find out about the world and the people in it; you find out about yourself, too.Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you

5、 concentrate on a book that means something to you, and relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time and if you become, as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more gentle, you wont have suffered during the process.【答案】每本书彼此独立，就像一个个独户住宅，而图书馆里的藏书就好像城市里的千家万户。尽管它们相互独立，但只有互相联系才有意义

6、，家家户户彼此相连，城市与城市彼此相依。相同或相似的思想在不同地方涌现。在生活中重复出现的问题也会在文学作品反复出现，但因时代与作品的差异，解决对策也会有所不同。书籍之间也会互相影响，它们联系着过去、现在和将来，并且如同家庭一样也会世代延续。无论从哪里开始阅读，你都会将自己和一个家族的思想联系在一起，长远来看，你不仅能发现这个世界和里面的人，也能在其中发现自我。阅读只有在你期望它有趣时才会真的有趣。如果你专注于一本对你有特殊意义的书，并且乐在其中，那么你就会体验一段美妙的时光如果你因为阅读而变得更加善良、聪明、随和或是优雅，那么你就会享受阅读的过程。3. 单选题As the manager w

7、as away on a business trip, I was asked to_the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“主持，指挥”，为不及物动词，后面常接over；B选项introduce“介绍”；C选项chair“担任主席，主持(会议、讨论等)”，为及物动词；D选项dominate“支配，控制”。句意：经理出差了，我被要求主持每周的员工会议。4. 单选题He thinks that method is prevalent.问题1选项A.a

8、dvancedB.commonC.difficultD.old-fashioned【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。题目中prevalent表示“普遍发生的；盛行的”；A选项advanced“先进的；高级的”；B选项common为“共同的，常见的，普遍的”；C选项difficult为“困难的，艰难的”；D选项old-fashioned为“老式的，过时的”。因此，正确答案是B项。句意：他认为这个方法很普遍。5. 单选题After a few months of working with his hands, Dr. Brown returned to his college, _ that hi

9、s time had been well spent.问题1选项A.persuadedB.convincedC.noticedD.promised【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项persuade“劝说，说服，使信服”，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事；B选项convince“使确信，使相信”，指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服；C选项notice“注意，察觉”；D选项promise“允诺，许诺”。根据After a few months of working with his hands和his time had been well spent可知B选项符合语义。

10、句意：经过几个月的动手操作后，确信自己的时间花得值得的布朗博士回到了大学。6. 单选题This is one of the animals that can the color of their surroundings.问题1选项A.take upB.take inC.take onD.take to【答案】C【解析】词组题。A选项take up拿起，开始从事，占据；B选项take in吸收，理解，欺骗；C选项take on 承担，呈现，具有；D选项take to喜欢，走向，开始从事。句意：这种动物是那种可以随着环境的颜色而改变身体颜色的种类。因此，C项“呈现”符合题意。7. 单选题Anot

11、her of the social sciences relying upon research is anthropology, the study of human beings and their culture. Anthropological theories also result from investigation into the characteristics of people and their products, which contributes to a better understanding of the patterns of human behaviors

12、. In their systematic examination, researchers in all branches of anthropology follow the same basic steps. The method called participant observation is most widespread, although other techniques are used as well. At first, the anthropologist enters a community to gather information from members of

13、their community through observations and conversations. The field worker takes copious notes and, later on, begins to pose hypotheses from these that will form the basis of further research. After specific hypotheses have been developed, the researcher gathers information to lest them, often in the

14、form of surveys or recorded interviews. Finally, the anthropologist organizes will the information and evaluates the hypotheses in light of the data. The conclusions often form the basis of articles for scientific journals, books and lectures.1. The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discu

15、sses（）.2. According to the passage, investigation into human traits leads to（）.3. In line 9, the italicized word “copious” most closely means（）.4. According to the passage, what is the first step in the participant observation method?5. In the line 10, the italicized word “these” refers to which of

16、the following?问题1选项A.other social science fieldsB.the origin of anthropologyC.research in another social scienceD.branches of anthropology问题2选项A.refinements in human productsB.better awareness of patterns in human conductC.systematic examination of all anthropological fieldsD.constant adjustments to

17、 the steps of basic research问题3选项A.ampleB.preliminaryC.outlinedD.specific问题4选项A.Selecting a community to studyB.Developing specific hypothesesC.Organizing and evaluating dataD.Observing and conserving with community members问题5选项A.hypothesesB.observationsC.notesD.conversations【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D

18、第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段“Another of the social sciences relying upon research is anthropology.”可知，另一个依靠研究的社会科学是人类学，说明前文应该已经提到过一种社会科学，因此，A项为正确答案。2.细节事实题。通过原文第一段“Anthropological theories also result from investigation into the characteristics of people and their products, which contributes to a better

19、understanding of the patterns of human behaviors.”可知，这种研究有助于更好地理解人类行为的模式，which应指代前文中“人类学是对人类特征的研究”这一内容，因此，B项为正确答案。3.词汇题。由原文第二段可知，这种方法的基本步骤包括：首先进入社区，通过观察和交流，收集社区成员信息。然后，从这些能成为进一步研究基础的笔记中提出假设。因此，根据逻辑意义可知，调查研究需要基于大量的事实数据。因此，A项“大量的；丰富的”与“note”最为恰当，copious notes表示“详细的笔记”，故正确答案为A。4.细节事实题。根据原文第二段“At first,

20、 the anthropologist enters a community to gather information from members of their community through observations and conversations. ”可知，调查研究的第一步是进入社区，通过观察和交流，收集社区成员的信息。因此，D项是正确答案。5.词汇题。分析these所在句The field worker takes copious notes and, later on, begins to pose hypotheses from these that will form

21、the basis of further research.可知，工作人员做了大量的笔记，然后，从这些能成为进一步研究基础的笔记中提出假设。所以，these指代的应是前文中的copious notes，故正确答案是C项。8. 单选题They make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to yield to fatigue in stressful jobs.问题1选项A.to succumb to being tiredB.to sustain the fatigueC.to endure the long

22、strainD.to expose them to the risks【答案】A【解析】本题考查短语搭配。A选项to succumb to being tired屈服于疲劳；B选项to sustain the fatigue 维持疲劳；C选项 to endure the long strain 承受长期压力；D选项to expose them to the risks 暴露在风险下。句意：他们很好地利用了现有时间，不会轻易地因充满压力的工作弄得疲劳不堪。因此，等同于to yield to fatigue“屈服疲劳”的选项是A项。9. 单选题In our highly technological

23、 society, the number of jobs for unskilled worker is _.问题1选项A.shrinkingB.obscuringC.alteringD.constraining【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项shrink“收缩，减少”；B选项obscure“使模糊，使难解”；C选项alter“改变”；D选项constrain“强迫”。根据highly technological society与the number of jobs可知A选项符合语义。句意：在我们高度科技化的社会里，非技术工人的工作岗位正在减少。10. 单选题The scientists

24、 at the University of Bern in Switzerland have used a weakened virus that is not_ and has proved safe and effective.问题1选项A.infectiousB.harmfulC.dangerousD.invading【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项infectious“传染性的，感染的”；B选项harmful“有害的，导致损害的”；C选项dangerous“危险的”；D选项invading为动词invade（侵入，侵略）的现在分词。根据virus与has proved safe

25、 and effective可知A选项符合语义。句意：瑞士伯尔尼大学的科学家们使用了一种弱病毒，这种病毒不具传染性，而且已被证明是安全有效的。11. 单选题Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when_in the middle of the Pacific, businessmen can contact their offices as if they were next door.问题1选项A.glidingB.cruisingC.pilotingD.patrolling【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项glide

26、“滑行，滑翔”；B选项cruise“（船，飞机）航行，游行”；C选项pilot“驾驶，领航”；D选项patrol“巡逻，巡查”。根据in the middle of the Pacific可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：卫星通信高度发达，即使商人在太平洋的中部航行，也可以和办公室及时联系，就好像他们在隔壁一样。12. 单选题When the Group of Seven was formed in 1920, the artists hoped for recognition of their works and ideas. In the catalog to their first exhi

27、bition, they actually invited adverse criticism-but only because what they feared most was indifference. At a time when Canada was coming into its own, they felt that a major factor in the development of a strong and healthy nation was a vital and relevant art. They hoped that their works would make

28、 a significant contribution to the evolution of a truly Canadian art tradition. Therefore, the Groups desire to paint the Canadian landscape lays the genuine conviction that it was the northern landscape that represented and expressed the countrys unique character. It was this concept that was to ca

29、pture the imagination of so many Canadians.Today there is every indication that the Group has attained its goals. These artists have achieved widespread popular success and acclaim, and their works have been heralded as one of the basic symbols of Canadian culture. They have been honored with exhibi

30、tions, degrees and medals; reproductions of their works can be found one very thing from posters to postage stamps.As frequently happens with popular trends, there has been a tendency to romanticize the accomplishments of the Group, which has inevitably caused many misconceptions to develop. The mos

31、t common of these is the popular belief that the Seven were violently criticized in the first Group shows. However, the truth of the matter is that the reviews for these early shows were nearly all favorable.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. The author implies that the Group of Seven welcom

32、ed adverse criticism because it would（）.3. The author implies that the members-of the Group of Seven were（）.4. According to the passage, all of the following were major goals of the Group of Seven EXCEPT（）.5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way in which the Group of Seven was honored?问题

33、1选项A.The origin of Canadian traditions.B.The seven symbols of CanadaC.Popular trends in Canadian art.D.A group of seven Canadian artists.问题2选项A.help them to improve as artists.B.mean that their work was being noticed.C.increase the market value of their work.D.gain support for them as victims of unf

34、air criticism.问题3选项A.portrait paintersB.landscape artistsC.art criticsD.art dealers问题4选项A.producing art with the intent of selling it quicklyB.having their work recognizedC.having their ideas about art acceptedD contributing to the growth of a uniquely Canadian art问题5选项A.Degrees were conferred on th

35、em.B.Their work was exhibited.C.Monuments were dedicated to them.D.They were awarded medals.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文主要介绍了加拿大的本土风格的艺术家团体the Group of Seven期望依靠自身努力得到认可，以及介绍他们为加拿大本土文化所作贡献的事迹，而不是讲述加拿大传统的起源或是加拿大艺术的流行趋势，因此，正确答案为D项。2.细节事实题。根据原文第一段In the catalog to their first exhibition,

36、 they actually invited adverse criticism-but only because what they feared most was indifference.可知，艺术团体并不担心负面评论，而是担心人们漠视他们的艺术创作。因此，B 项“意味着他们的创作不被关注和重视”最符合题意。3.推理判断题。根据原文第一段Therefore, behind the Groups desire to paint the Canadian landscape lay the genuine conviction that it was the northern landsca

37、pe that represented and expressed the countrys unique character.可知，成员们主要描绘的是Canadian landscape，所以Group of Seven成员是风景画家。故本题正确答案为B项。4.推理判断题。原文中讲述了Group of Seven艺术家们的创作目的，期待人们理解和认可他们的创作理念，并希望他们的作品能够促进加拿大本土艺术的繁荣发展，对本土文化有所贡献。文中并未提及艺术家们是以快速销售为目的而进行的艺术创作。因此，本题正确答案是A项。5.细节事实题。根据原文第二段They have been honored w

38、ith exhibitions, degrees and medals; reproductions of their works can be found on everything from posters to postage stamps.可知，为了进行表彰，这些艺术家的作品被展出，他们也被授予了学位（degree）和颁发了奖章（medal），但并没有树立纪念碑（monument）。因此，本题正确答案为C项。13. 单选题The emergence of extraterrestrial life, particularly intelligent life, is a key tes

39、t for these rival instances.问题1选项A.doctrinesB.heresiesC.examplesD.debates【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项doctrines n.主义，学说，教义；B选项heresies n.异端邪说，异教；C选项 examples n.例子，实例；D选项debates n.辩论，讨论。句意：外星生命，尤其是有智慧生命的出现，对于这些竞争对手情况是一个关键性的测试。因此，C选项正确。14. 单选题The Internet, E-commerce and globalization are making a new economi

40、c era possible. In the future, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights.Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new

41、Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOs and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, “No, quite contrary.” The very people responsible for ushering in w

42、hat some have called a “technological renaissance” say they are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friends not to mention strangers. And whats more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same techno

43、logies they are so aggressively championing.The techno gurus (领袖)promised us that access would make life more convenient and give us more time. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no e

44、asy escape.If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast geographic frontier, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most

45、scarce of all resources. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell phones, our 24 hour Interact news and entertainment all seize for our attention.And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have less time available to us than any

46、 other humans in history. That is because the great proliferation of labor-and time-saving services only increases the diversity, pace and flow of commoditized activity around us. For example, e-mail is a great convenience. However, we now find ourselves spending much of our day frantically respondi

47、ng to each others electronic messages. The cell phone is a great time-saver. Except now we are always potentially in reach of someone else who wants our attention.Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and religious values. Has anyone both

48、ered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-economy era. If this new technology revolution is only a

49、bout hyper efficiency, then we risk losing something even precious than time our sense of what it means to be a caring human being.1. According to the passage, corporate executives think that_.2. Which of the following is NOT true?3. What is the most valuable resource for the .com generation?4. In t

50、he sixth paragraph, the author implied that_.5. An appropriate title for the passage might be_.问题1选项A.technology renaissance should be pushed forwardB.technology has a profound impact on their lives.C.technology actually results in a decline in their life qualityD.technology should be aggressively c

51、hampioned问题2选项A.Technology was supposed to free people.B.The .com generation became slaves of technology.C.New technologies occupy much of our time.D.It is difficult to avoid the influence of technology wonders.问题3选项A.Technological wonders.B.Access to information.C.TimeD.Time-saving devices.问题4选项A.s

52、ocial conservatives blamed the loss of morality on technologyB.the .com generation was less civil than the earlier generationsC.the hyper speed culture led to the decline in civilityD.technology might make people less impatient问题5选项A.The New Internet LifeB.The Drawbacks of too Much AccessC.The Failu

53、re of Technological RenaissanceD.The Declining Quality of Life【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into

54、our lives? “No, quite contrary.”（我们在工作、家庭和社区的生活质量是否与我们生活中引入的所有新互联网和企业对企业的互联网服务成正比？“不，完全相反。”）可知C选项“技术实际上导致了他们生活质量的下降”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy esc

55、ape.（相反，本应解放我们的科技奇迹，却开始把我们束缚在一个似乎无法轻易摆脱的联系网中）但并不是说网络一代变成了技术的奴隶，因此选B。3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources.（我们的每一个空闲时间都充满了某种形式的商业联系，使时间本身成为所有资源中最稀缺的）可知选C。4.推理判断题。文章第六段中的Has anyone bot

56、hered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?（有没有人问过，高速发展的文化是否让我们所有人都变得不那么有耐心，不太愿意倾听、推迟、考虑和反思？）可知D选项“科技可能会使人失去耐心”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了科技给人们生活带来的负面影响，因此B选项“使用过多的缺点”符合题意。15. 单选题To be successful, a business trave

57、ler must be able to maintain contact with the office no matter what the time or place. Negotiations often involve decisions based on the latest figures. New telecommunications products and services now on the market make staying in to touch earlier than ever before.The most widespread device is the

58、cellular phone the price of which has dropped from several thousand dollars to a few hundred, including installation. There are over 2 million mobile cellular phones in use today, including both car phones and cordless transportable units. Car phones have proven indispensable for road emergencies as

59、 well as routine business transactions. Phone service is also available on airlines and on the rails.Recently introduced pocked-size organizers help business travelers with heavy schedules keep track of clients. These are tiny computers that can store all kinds of information. They can serve as phon

60、e and address directories, calendars, electronic memo pads, and calculators, among other users.Another invaluable telecommunications tool is smaller, lighter fax machines that plug into any standard electrical outlet and phone line. The devices allow machine. It is expected that faxing will soon bec

61、ome be primary means of sending and receiving short documents requiring prompt attention.1. According to the passage, why do business travelers need to keep in touch with the office?2. According to the passage, mobile phone service（）.3. In line 11, the italicized word “these” refers to（）.4. It can b

62、e inferred from the passage that fax machines probably（）.5. What does the paragraph following the passage most probably discuss?问题1选项A.They may not know where they areB.Company guidelines require frequent contactC.They must have the latest information for negotiationsD.So many new products and services are on the market问题2选项A.is very useful in the case of road accidentsB.still costs several thousands of dollarsC.is not yet available on trains and airplanesD.does not come in transportable form问题3选项A.clientsB.schedulesC.organizersD.travelers问题4选项