EMBA课件案例：金融词汇中英文对照

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1、第一类货币外汇铸币银行券纸币存款货币价值尺度货币单位货币购买力购买力平价流通手段购买手段交易的媒介支付手段货币需求货币流通速度保存价值汇率一般等价物流动性通货准货币货币制度本位制金本位铸币铸造，造币铸币税本位币，主币辅币货币的法定偿付能力，货币法偿能力复本位制金汇兑本位金平价金块本位制布雷顿森林货币体系浮动汇率制货币局制度联系汇率制度美元化欧元欧洲货币联盟埃居最优通货区理论货币消亡money ,currencyforeign exchange, exchangecoinbanknotepaper currency, paper moneydeposit moneymeasure of valu

2、esmoney unit, currency unitpurchasing power of moneypurchasing power parity, PPPmeans of circulationmeans of purchasemedia of exchangemeans of paymentdemand for moneyvelocity of moneystore of valueexchange rateuniversal equivalentliquiditycurrencyquasi moneymonetary systemstandardgold standardcoinag

3、eseignioragestandard moneyfractional moneylegal tender powersbimetallism，bimetallic standardgold exchange standardgold paritygold bullion standardBretton Woods Monetary Systemfloating exchange rate regimecurrency board arrangementlinked exchange rate systemdollarizationEUROEurope Monetary Union，EMUE

4、CUtheory of optimum currency areamoney disappearance第二类信用credit利息interest高利贷usury利率，利息率interest rate债权claim债务debt，debt obligation，indebtedness借入borrowing贷出lending盈余surplus赤字deficit跨时预算约束intertemporal budget constraint资金流量flow of funds部门sector借贷资本loan capital 实体，实际real商业信用commercial credit银行信用bank cr

5、edit商业票据commercial paper，commercial bill本票promissory note汇票bill of exchange，draft商业本票commercial paper商业汇票commercial bill承兑acceptance背书，背签endorsement直接融资direct finance间接融资indirect finance短期国库券treasury bill中期国库券treasury note长期国库券treasury bond国债national debts公债public debt资本输出export of capital国际资本流动inte

6、rnational capital flow国外商业性借贷foreign commercial loan国外直接投资foreign direct investment，FDI热币，热钱hot money第三类财政public finance财务，公司财务，公司理财corporate finance投资investment保险insurance财产保险property insurance人身保险life and health insurance相互人寿保险mutual life insurance信托trust租赁leasing股份公司stock company，joint stock comp

7、any合伙企业partnership有限责任公司limited liability company股票stock certificate，stocks，shares股东stock holder所有权ownership经营权right of management第四类收益，收益率yield利息率interest rate资本化capitalization, capitalization of interest本金principal回报率、报酬率returns基准利率benchmark interest rate无风险利率riskfree interest rate补偿compensation风险

8、溢价，风险价值，风险收益，风险报酬风险酬金，风险升水risk premium实际利率real interest rate名义利率nominal interest rate固定利率fixed interest rate浮动利率floating rate官定利率official interest rate行业利率traderegulated rate一般利率general interest rate优惠利率preferential interest rate贴息贷款loan of interest subsidy年利率annual interest rate月利率monthly interest

9、rate日利率daily interest rate拆息call money interest单利simple interest复利compound interest现值present value终值future value竞价拍卖open-outcry auction贴现值present discounted value可贷资金论loanable funds theory of interest风险risk利率管制interest rate control利率管理体制interest rate regulation system存贷利差interest rate margin, spread

10、利率期限结构term structure of interest rates即期利率spot rate of interest远期利率forward rate of interest到期收益率yield to maturity现金流cash flow预期理论expectation theory纯预期理论pure expectation theory流动性理论liquidity theory偏好理论preferred habitat theory市场隔断理论market segmentation theory储蓄的利率弹性interest elasticity of saving投资的利率弹性i

11、nterest elasticity of investment第五类外汇foreign exchange, foreign currency外汇管理exchange regulation, exchange management外汇管制exchange control可兑换convertibility不可兑换inconvertibility经常项目current account资本项目capital account汇率exchange rate牌价posted price直接标价法direct quotation，间接标价法indirect quotation单一汇率unitary exch

12、ange rate复汇率、多重汇率multiple exchange rate市场汇率market exchange rate官方汇率official exchange rate黑市black market固定汇率fixed exchange rate浮动汇率floating exchange rate管理浮动managed float钉住汇率制度pegged exchange rate regime固定钉住fixed peg在水平带内的钉住pegged within horizontal bands爬行钉住crawling peg外汇指定银行designated foreign exchan

13、ge bank中国外汇交易中心China Foreign Exchange Trading Center货币的对外价值external value of exchange货币的对内价值internal value of exchange名义汇率nominal exchange rate实际利率real exchange rate铸币平价mint parity金平价gold parity黄金输送点gold transport point国际借贷说theory of international indebtedness流动债权current claim 流动负债current 1iability国

14、际收支说theory of balance payment购买力平价PPP，purchasing power parity汇兑心理说psychology theory of exchange rate货币分析说monetary approach金融资产说portfolio theory of exchange rate determination 利率平价理论theory of interest rate parity外汇风险、汇率风险exchange risk中国的外汇调foreign exchange swap第六类金融市场financial market证券化securitization

15、会融资产financial assets金融工具financial instruments金融产品financial products衍生金融产品derivative financial products原生金融产品underlying financial products流动性liquidity变现encashment买卖差价bidask spread做市商market maker到期日due date信用风险credit risk市场风险market risk名义收益率nominal yield现时收益率current yield平均收益率average yield内在价值intrinsi

16、c value直接融资direct finance间接融资indirect finance货币市场money market资本市场capital market现货市场spot market期货市场futures market机构投资人institutional investor资信度credit standing融通票据financial paper银行承兑票据bank acceptance贴现，折现discount贴现率，折现discount rate大额存单certificates of deposit，CDs回购counterpurchase回购协议repurchase agreemen

17、t隔夜overnight银行同业问拆借市场interbank market权益equity剩余索取权residual claims证券交易所exchange，stock exchange交割delivery过户transfer ownership 场外交易市场over the counter，0TC金融债券financial bond抵押债券mortgage bond担保信托债券collateral trust bonds信用债券trust bonds次等信用债券subordinated debenture担保债券guaranteed bonds初级市场primary market 二级市场s

18、econdary market公募public offering，public placement私募private offering，private placement合约contract远期forwards期货futures期权options看涨期权call option看跌期权put option期权费option premium互换swaps投资基金investment funds契约型基金contractual type investment fund单位型基金unit funds基金型基金funding funds公司型基金corporate type investment fun

19、d投资管理公司investment management company封闭式基金closeend fund开放式基金openend fund共同基金mutual fund对冲基金hedge fund风险投资基金venture fund权益投资equity investment收益基金income funds增长基金growth funds长期增长基金longterm growth funds高增长基金go-go growth funds货币市场基金money market funds养老基金pension fund，pension plan外汇市场foreign exchange marke

20、t，exchange market风险资本venture capital权益资本equity capital私人权益资本目private equity market有限合伙制limited partnership交易发起deal origination筛选投资机会screening评价evaluation交易设计deal structure投资后管理post-investment activities创业板市场growth enterprise market，GEM二板市场secondary board market金融创新financial innovation金融自由化financial

21、liberalization全球化globalization欧洲货币市场Eurocurrency market离岸金融市场offshore financial center国际游资hot money第七类有价证券security面值，票面价值face value市值，市场价值market value股票价格指数share price index，stock index有效市场假说effective market hypothesis弱有效市场weak efficient market中度有效市场semiefficient market强有效市场strong efficient market价值

22、评估evaluation市盈率priceearning ratio市场风险market risk信用风险credit risk流动性风险liquidity risk操作风险operational risk法律风险legal risk政策风险policy risk道德风险，道德公害moral hazard主权风险sovereign risk市场或产品流动性风险marketproduct liquidity risk现金流风险cash flowfunding risk执行风险execution risk欺诈风险fraud risk遵守与监管风险compliance and regulatory r

23、isk资产组合理论portfolio theory系统风险systemic risk非系统风险nonsystematic risk效益边界efficient frontier资产定价模型asset pricing model资本资产定价模型capital asset pricing model，CAPM无风险资产riskfree assets市场组合market portfolio多要素模型multifactor CAPM套利定价理论arbitrage pricing theoryAPT期权加价option premium内在价值intrinsic value时间价值time value执行价

24、格strike price，exercise price看涨期权call，call option看跌期权put，put option对冲型的资产组合hedge portfolios套利arbitrage无套利均衡no-arbitrage equilibrium均衡价格equilibrium price多头long position空头short position动态复制dynamic replication头寸position风险偏好risk preference风险中性risk neutral风险厌恶risk averse 风险中性定价riskneutral pricing第八类金融中介，金

25、融financial intermediary, financial intermediation金融机构financial institution借者borrower贷者lender货币中介monetary intermediation权益资本equity capital中央银行central bank货币当局monetary authority存款货币银行deposit money bank商业银行commercial bank投资银行investment bank商人银行 merchant bank金融公司，财务公司financial companies储蓄银行savings bank抵

26、押银行mortgage bank信用合作社credit cooperative，credit union保险业insurance，insurance industry跨国银行multinational bank代表处representative office经理处agency分行branch子银行subsidiary联营银行affiliate国际财团银行consortium bank中国人民银行Peoples Bank of China政策性银行policy banks国有商业银行stateowned commercial banks资产管理公司assets management compan

27、y，AMC证券公司securities company券商securities dealer农村信用合作社rural credit cooperatives城市信用合作社urban credit cooperatives信托投资公司trust and investment companies 信托trust金融租赁financial leasing邮政储蓄postal savings财产保险property insurance人身保险life and health insurance商业保险commercial insurance社会保险social insurance保险深度insuranc

28、e intensity保险密度insurance density投资基金investment funds证券投资基金security funds封闭式基金closed-end investment funds开放式基金openend investment funds私募基金private placement 风险投资基金venture funds代表处representative office国际清算银行Bank for International SettlementsBIS国际货币基金组织International Monetary Fund，IMF世界银行The World Bank国际

29、复兴开发银行International Bank for Reconstruction and Development国际开发协会International Development Association，IDA 国际金融公司International Finance Corporation,IFC泛美开发银行Inter-American Development Bank，IADB亚洲开发银行Asian Development Bank，ADB非洲开发银行African Development Bank，AFDB阿拉伯货币基金组织Arab Monetary FundAMF特别提款权specia

30、l drawing right，SDR国有化nationalization 第九类货币兑换商money dealer银钱业，银行业banking贴现率discount rate贷出loaning借入borrowing职能分工型商业银行functional division commercial bank全能型商业银行multifunction commercial bank综合型商业银行comprehensive commercial bank单元银行制度，单一银行(制度)unit banking system总分行制度，分支行制度branch banking system代理行制度corre

31、spondent banking system银行控股公司制度share holding banking system连锁银行制度chains banking system银行负债业务1iability business存款deposit活期存款demand deposit，sight deposit支票存款check deposit透支overdraft定期存款time deposit再贴现rediscount银行同业拆借interbank offered credit金融债券financial bond贷款，放款loan抵押贷款mortgage loan信用贷款credit loan通知贷

32、款demand loan真实票据论real bill doctrine，real bill theory商业贷款理论commercial loan theory证券投资 portfolio investment中间业务 middleman business表外业务 offbalance sheet business无风险业务 riskfree business汇兑，汇款 remittance信用证letter of credit商品信用证commercial letter of credit代收业务business 0f collection代客买卖业务business of commissi

33、on承兑acceptance金融创新financial innovation自动转账制度automatic transfer services，ATS 可转让支付命令账户negotiable order of withdrawal account， NOW货币市场互助基金money market mutual fund，MMMF货币市场存款账户money market deposit account，MMDA网络银行，网上银行internet bank虚拟银行virtual bank企业对个人B to C企业对企业B to B不良贷款bad loan存款保险制度deposit insuranc

34、e system金融资本financial capital企业enterprise，business挤兑bank runsa run on a bank资产管理assets management自偿性selfliquidation可转换性理论convertibility theory预期收入理论anticipated income theory负债管理liability management资产负债综合管理comprehensive management of assets and liability风险管理risk management在险价值value at riskVaR第十类中央银行c

35、entral bank一元式中央银行制度unit central bank system二元式中央银行制度dual central bank system联邦储备委员会Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System联邦公开市Federal Open Market Committee，FOMC复合中央银compound central bank system跨国中央银multinational central bank system欧洲中央银European System of Central Bank，ESCB香港金融管HK Monetary Auth

36、ority发行的银行bank of issue银行的银行bank of bank 。最后贷款人lender of last resort再贴现rediscount再抵押remortgage， recollateralize国家的银行the state bank支付清算系统payment and clearing system支付系统payment system全额实时结算real time gross system净额批量清算bulk transfer net system大额资金转帐系统whole sale funds transfer system小额定时结算系统fixed time re

37、tail system票据交换所clearing house第十一类功能主义金融观perspective of financial function金融体系格局pattern of financial system激励incentive公司治理corporate governance路径依赖path dependency市场主导型marketoriented type银行主导型banking一oriented type格拉斯一斯蒂格尔法GlassSteagall Act参与成本participative cost第十二类纯流通费用pure circulation cost原始存款primary

38、 deposit派生存款derivative deposit派生倍数，派生乘数withdrawal multiplier现今漏损loss of cashes提现率withdrawal rate创造乘数creation multiplier现金currency， cash基础货币base money高能货币，强力货币highpower money货币乘数money multiplier铸币税seigniorage铸币收入seigniorage revenue第十三类对货币的需求，货币需求demand for money货币数量论quantity theory of money货币必要量volum

39、e of money needed货币流通速度velocity of money交易方程式equation of exchange剑桥方程式equation of Cambridge现金交易说cash transaction approach现金余额说cash balance theory货币需求动机motive of the demand for money交易动机transaction motive预防动机precautionary motive投机动机speculative motive流动性偏好1iquidity preference流动性陷阱liquidity trap平方根法则sq

40、uareroot rule货币主义monetarism恒久性收入permanent income机会成本变量opportunity cost variable名义货币需求nominal demand for money实际货币需求real demand for money客户保证金customers security margin金融资产选择portfolio selection第十四类货币供给money supply通货currency准货币quasi money名义货币供给nominal money supply实际货币供给real money supply股民保证金shareholder

41、s security margin货币存量money stock公开市场操作openmarket operation贴现政策discount policy再贴现率rediscount rate法定准备率legal reserve ratio财富效应wealth effect预期报酬率变动效应effect of expected yields change现金持有量，通货持有量，curency holdings超额准备金excess reserves外生变量exogenous variable内生变量endogenous variable第十五类赤字deficit经常性收入current rev

42、enue税费Taxfee, charge经常性支出current expenditure资本性收入capital revenue补助grant资本性支出capital expenditure账面赤字book deficit隐蔽赤字hidden deficit预算外offbudget， extra budgetary透支overdraft净举债，发债净额net financing未清偿债务outstanding debt或有债务contingent liability准备货币reserve money 国债依存度public debt dependency国债负担率public debttoGD

43、P ratio国债偿债率government debtservice ratio第十六类均衡equilibrium投资饥渴hunger for investment软预算约束soft budget constraint总需求aggregate demand总供给aggregate supply面纱论money veil theory流flow余额，存量stock第十七类国际收支balance of payments居民resident非居民nonresident国际收支平衡表statement for balance of payments经常项目current account资本和金融项目c

44、apital and financial account储备资产reserve assets净误差与遗漏net errors and omissions自主性交易autonomous transaction调节性交易accommodating transaction偿债率debt service ratio顺差surplus逆差deficit最后清偿率last liquidation ratio资本流动capital movements扬基债券Yankee bond武士债券Samurai bond欧洲债券Eurobond项目融资project finance外债external debt资本外

45、逃capital flight冲销性操作sterilized operation非冲销性操作unsterilized operation债务率debt ratio负债率liability ratio差额，平衡表balance第十八类通货膨胀inflation恶性通货膨胀rampant inflation， runaway inflation， galloping inflation， hyperinflation爬行通货膨胀creeping inflation温和通货膨胀moderate inflation公开性通货膨胀open inflation显性通货膨胀evident inflation

46、隐蔽性通货膨胀 ，hidden inflation输入型通货膨胀import of inflation结构性通货膨胀structural inflation通货膨胀率inflation rate居民消费物价指数CPI零售物价指数RPI批发物价指数WPI冲减指数deflator需求拉上型通货膨胀，需求拉动型通货膨胀demandpull inflation成本推动型通货膨胀，成本推进型通货膨胀costpush inflation工资一价格螺旋上升wageprice spiral强制储蓄forced saving收入分配distributional effect of income财富分配distr

47、ibutional effect of wealth滞胀stagflation工资膨胀率wage inflation紧缩性货币政策tight monetary policy紧缩银根tight money， squeeze， stringency紧缩信贷credit squeeze指数化indexation通货紧缩deflation第十九类货币政策金融政策货币政策目标通货膨胀目标制逆风向原则反周期货币政策相机抉择单一规则告示效应直接信用控制信用配额，信贷分配流动性比率间接信用控制道义劝告窗口指导信用贷款传导机制中介指标信贷配给资产负债表渠道时滞预期透明度信任软着陆财政政策补偿性财政货币政策米德冲

48、突国际间政策协调信息交换危机管理避免共享目标变量的冲突合作确定中介目标部分协调全面协调汇率目标区第二十一类金融监管公共选择最低资本要求监管当局的监管市场纪律第二十二类分行子行并表监管第二十三类金融发展金融自由化金融深化金融压抑金融机构化分层比率金融相关货币化率脱媒导管效应第二十四类金融脆弱性金融风险长周期，长波周期安全边界汇率超调理论金融危机资产管理公司金融恐慌第二十五类两分法实际经济货币经济虚拟资本泡沫经济虚拟经济虚拟经济货币中性相对价格货币面纱瓦尔拉斯均衡一般均衡理论超中性monetary policyfinancial policygoal of monetary policyinfla

49、tion targetingprinciple of leaning against the windcounter cycle monetary policydiscretionarysingle rulebulletin effectsdirect credit controlcredit alocationliquidity ratioindirect credit controlmoral suasionwindow guidancelendingconduction mechanismintermediate targetcredit rationingbalance sheet c

50、hanneltime 1agexpectation, anticipationtransparencycredibilitysoft 1andingfiscal policycompensatory fiscal and monetary policyMeades conflictinternational policy coordinationinformation exchangecrisis managementavoiding conflicts over shared targetscooperation intermediate targetingpartial coordinat

51、ionfull coordinationtarget zone of exchange ratefinancial regulation;financial supervisionpublic choiceminimum capital requirementsmarket disciplinebranchsubsidiaryconsolidated supervisionfinancial developmentfinancial liberalizationfinancial deepeningfinancial repressionfinancial institutionalizati

52、ongradation ratio financial interrelation ratio, FIRmonetarization ratiodisintermediationtube effectfinancial fragilityfinancial risklong cyclesmargins of safetytheory of exchange rate over shootingfinancial crisesasset management corporation，AMCfinancial panicdichotomyreal economymonetary economyfictitious capitalbubble economyfictitious economyvirtual economyneutrality of moneyrelative pricemonetary veilWalras equilibriumtheory of general equilibriumsuperneutrality