2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题56（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题I cant wait to hear about your English class问题1选项A.am eager toB.am late toC.am indifferentD.am happy to【答案】A【解析】考查短语词义辨析。题目中cant wait to do sth表示“迫不及待去做某事”；A选项为“渴望去做某事”；B选项为“迟到”; C选项为“对漠不关心”；D选项为“开心做某事”。由题意可知，我已经迫不及待要听你的英语课了。因此，正确答案是A项。2. 单选题There are several po

2、ssible explanations for the great job stability in South Korea the great mobility in the United States.问题1选项A.contrary toB.in regard toC.in contrast toD.with respect to【答案】C【解析】短语搭配题。A选项contrary to与相反，违反；B选项in regard to关于；C选项in contrast to 与形成对比；D选项with respect to关于，至于。句意：与美国巨大的流动性相比，朝鲜在好工作上的稳定性有几种可

3、能的解释。根据句意和搭配，正确答案为C项。3. 单选题There are many good bakeries in Milltown; in fact, the baking industry is（）.问题1选项A.adhesiveB.flourishingC.incidentalD.accommodating【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。通过There are many good bakeries in Milltown可知Milltown有很多好的面包房，所以这里的烘焙产业发展不错。A选项为“可黏的”；B选项为“繁荣的；盛行的”；C选项为“附属的；偶然的；伴随发生的”；D选项为

4、“乐于助人的；可通融的；随和的”。因此，B选项更符合题意。4. 单选题After a few months of working with his hands, Dr. Brown returned to his college, _ that his time had been well spent.问题1选项A.persuadedB.convincedC.noticedD.promised【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项persuade“劝说，说服，使信服”，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事；B选项convince“使确信，使相信”，指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感

5、情上信服；C选项notice“注意，察觉”；D选项promise“允诺，许诺”。根据After a few months of working with his hands和his time had been well spent可知B选项符合语义。句意：经过几个月的动手操作后，确信自己的时间花得值得的布朗博士回到了大学。5. 单选题But for his help, I（）.问题1选项A.did not succeedB.had not succeededC.should not have succeededD.have not succeeded【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。But fo

6、r表示“要不是”，引导含蓄虚拟语气。A选项did not succeed过去时；B选项had not succeeded过去完成时；C选项 should not have succeeded表示“原本不应该成功的，但却成功了”，表示虚拟语气；D选项have not succeeded现在完成时，因此C项为正确选项。6. 单选题British scientists find that the nesting habits of 20 species of birds with the warming trend of the earths atmosphere.问题1选项A.conflictB.

7、coincideC.adaptD.approve【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项conflict v.冲突，矛盾，斗争；B选项coincide v.致，符合，同时发生；C选项adapt v.适应于；D选项approve v.批准，赞成，满意。根据句意可知，英国科学家发现二十种鸟类的筑巢习惯与地球大气的温度上升趋势一致。因此，B项符合题意。7. 单选题Because there is evidence of severely harmful effects from chemical dumps, the government has_tougher clean-up measures

8、.问题1选项A.imposedB.impulsedC.implementedD.incorporated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项imposed v.强加，征税，以欺骗；B选项impulsed v.推动；C选项implemented v.实施，执行；D选项incorporated v. 吸收，合并，包含。根据句意可知，有证据表明化学排污引起严重危害，因此，政府已经实施了严厉的清理方案。因此，C项符合题意。8. 单选题Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals,

9、 still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept.We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospit

10、al teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England, which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter has only a

11、part-time teacher. The special childrens hospitals in major cities do best general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off.From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacherand that contact may be as little as two hour s

12、 a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents of their own school. If there was a teacher, they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work, without a teacher they would only play games.Reasons f

13、or hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when patents offered to them as “the library lady” or just “the

14、 helper”.Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.Many short-stay child-pat

15、ients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.1. The author points out at the beginning that_.2. It can be inferred from the latest survey that_.3. Children in hospital usually turn to_in order to catch up wi

16、th their school work.4. We can conclude from the passage that the author is_.问题1选项A.every child in hospital receives some teachingB.not enough is known about hospital teachingC.hospital teaching is of poor qualityD.the special childrens hospitals are worst off问题2选项A.hospital teaching across the coun

17、try is similarB.each hospital has at least one part time teacherC.all hospital surveyed offer education to childrenD.only one-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers问题3选项A.hospital teachersB.schoolmatesC.parentsD.school teachers问题4选项A.unfavorable towards children receiving education in hospi

18、talsB.in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitalsC.unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teachingD.satisfied with the results of the latest survey【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the cont

19、ent or quality of that education（没有人知道有多少孩子能在英国的医院接受教育，更不用说教育的内容和质量了）可知B选项“对医院教学知之甚少”符合题意。2.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的It is found that half the hospitals in England, which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter has only a part-time teacher.（据发现，英国有一半的医院没有教师。另外四分之一的医院只有兼职教师）可推测只有四分之一的医院有全职教师，因此选D。3.细节

20、事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work.（孩子们往往依靠相关的学校朋友来赶上学校的功课）可知选B。4.观点态度题。本文主要介绍了医院中的存在的教学问题，比如教师的严重缺少。根据调查结果及文章最后一段中的But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.（但学校在缓解

21、许多受访儿童对落后的焦虑方面收效甚微）可知作者对当前的医院教学现状是不满意的，因此选C。9. 单选题In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed _in Chicago and New York City.问题1选项A.homogeneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.spontaneouslyD.harmoniously【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项homogeneously“同质地，同类地”；B选项simultaneously“同时地”；C选项spontaneously“自发地，自然地”；D选项harmoniously

22、“和谐地”。根据 Chicago and New York City可推测在过去的十年时间里，高楼大厦应是同时在这两个城市耸立，因此选B。句意：在过去的十年里，芝加哥和纽约的高楼大楼同时耸立起来。10. 单选题When preparing a diet, a person should be aware that vitamin D acts to increase the amount of calcium absorbed by the body.问题1选项A.schedule of exerciseB.nutritional planC.study of longevityD.medic

23、inal chart【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中diet表示“饮食，规定饮食”；A选项为“锻炼日程”；B选项为“营养计划”； C选项为“长寿研宄”；D选项为“药用图表，药纸”。句意：在安排饮食时，个人应该注意维他命D的作用是增加人体对钙的吸收。因此，B项为正确答案。11. 单选题His assertion angered me.问题1选项A.statementB.questionC.successD.mistake【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中assertion表示“主张；声称”；A选项statement n.声明；陈述；B选项problem n.问题；C选项succ

24、ess n.成功；D选项mistake n.错误。由句意可知，他的表述惹怒了我。因此，正确答案是A项。12. 单选题Many of his arguments have no pertinence to the subject under discussion.问题1选项A.significanceB.valueC.relevanceD.enlightenment【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项significance n.重要性，意义；B选项value n.价值，重要性；C选项 relevance n.关联，适当，中肯；D选项enlightenment n.启迪，启蒙运动。句意表明

25、：他的很多观点都与正在讨论的议题无关。因此本题选择C项。13. 翻译题Translate the following passage into English.我崇拜朝气，喜欢自由，赞美胆量大的，精力强的。一个人行为或精神上有朝气，不在蝇头小利上打算计较，不拘泥于物质攫取与人世毁誉；他能挺起脊梁，坚持走自己的路，他所学的或同我所学的完全是两样东西，他的政治思想或与我的极其相反，他的宗教信仰或与我的格格不入，那不碍事，我仍然觉得他是个朋友，这是个人。我喜欢这种人，也尊敬这种人。这种人也许粗鲁了一点，但一切伟大事业伟大作品就只有这类人才有份，他不可避免会失败，但决不会轻易放弃。【答案】I wors

26、hip vitality and freedom, and I admire the plucky and the strong in heart. A person who is full of vitality in behavior and spirit would be neither concerned with petty profits nor constrained by the material prosperity and reputation. He can be upright and insist on his own way. Though what he has

27、learnt is totally different from that of mine, as well as political thoughts and religious belief, all of these do not matter. I still consider him as my friend and a real man. I like him and also respect his kind of person. Maybe they are a little rude, but only this kind of men can accomplish grea

28、t works and cause. Inevitably, he may be fail, but he will never give up easily.14. 单选题Society was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century. Great breakthroughs in engineering, the use of steam power, and electricity were there for all to see, enjoy, and suffer. Science

29、was fashionable and it is not surprising that, during this great period of industrial development, scientific methods should be applied to the activities of man, particularly to those involved in the processes of production. Towards the end of the nineteenth century international competition began t

30、o make itself felt. The three industrial giants of the day, Germany, America, and Great Britain, began to find that there was a limit to the purchasing power of the previously apparently inexhaustible markets. Science and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial ef

31、ficiency.Frederick Winslow Taylor is generally acknowledged as being the father of the scientific management approach, as a result of the publication of his book. The Principles of Scientific Management, published in 1911. However, numerous other academics and practitioners had been actively applyin

32、g such approaches since the beginning of the century. Charles Babbage, an English academic, well-known for his invention of the mechanical computer (with the aid of a government grant as long as 1820), applied himself to the costing of processes, using scientific methods, and indeed might well be re

33、cognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting.Taylor was of well-to-do background and received an excellent education but, partly owing to troubles with his eyesight, decided to become an engineering apprentice. He spent some twenty-five years in the tough, sometimes brutal, environment of the U

34、S steel industry and carefully studied methods of work when he eventually attained supervisory status. He made various significant innovations in the area of steel processing, but his claim to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work, and his personal efforts that pro

35、ved they could succeed in a hostile environment.In 1901, Taylor left the steel industry and spent the rest of his life trying to promote the principles of managing scientifically and emphasizing the human aspects of the method, over the slave driving methods common in his day. He died in 1915, leavi

36、ng a huge school of followers to promote his approach worldwide.1. According to the passage, what was badly needed to improve industrial efficiency?2. Taylor is most famous for（）.3. Charles Babbage, an English academic（）.4. Taylors scientific management method was described as（）.5. When he died in 1

37、915, Taylor（）.问题1选项A.Great breakthroughsB.Unlimited purchasing powerC.Science and competition.D.International competition.问题2选项A.his application of scientific methods to workB.his book “The Principles of Scientific Management”C.his various innovations in steel processingD.The spreading of his scient

38、ific management method问题3选项A.tried to use computers in production processesB.first used computers in the area of cost accountingC.was the father of modem computersD.tried a scientific management approach问题4选项A.scientific and humanB.efficient but slave-drivingC.academic but practicableD.brutal but hi

39、ghly successful问题5选项A.purchased a steel millB.sold a steel millC.started to protect environmentD.left a huge school of followers.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段最后一句“Science and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency.可知，科学和竞争为工业效率的提高提供了方

40、法和必要性。” 而文章第一段主要讲的是科学给工业带来的突破以及竞争的必要性。综合考虑以上内容，要提高生产效率，那么科学和竞争是必需的。因此C项符合题意。2.细节事实题。通过文章第三段中“.but his claim to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work（但使他出名的却是他将科学方法应用到工作之中）”可知，泰勒是以在工作中应用科学的管理方法而闻名于世。因此，正确答案是A项。3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段Charles Babbage.applied himself to the co

41、sting of processes, using scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting.可知，英国科学家Charles Babbage在程序成本核算中，成功运用了科学的管理方法，被认为是成本核算之父。因此，正确答案是D项。4.推理判断题。由文章第四段第一句“Taylor.emphasizing the human aspects of the method, over the slave - driving methods common

42、in his day”可知，泰勒强调的是人性化的方法，而非当时常见的奴隶式的方法。动词短语emphasize A over B 表示“与B相比更强调A”。因此，泰勒强调管理方法的科学性和人性化。本题正确答案为A项。5.细节事实题。根据原文最后一句He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of followers to promote his approach worldwide.可知，泰勒于1975 年去世，而他的大批追随者则继续在世界各地推广他的方法。因此，D项是正确答案。15. 单选题The Internet, E-commerce and global

43、ization are making a new economic era possible. In the future, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights.Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in d

44、irect proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOs and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, “No, quite contrary.” The very peop

45、le responsible for ushering in what some have called a “technological renaissance” say they are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friends not to mention strangers. And whats more revealing, they place much of t

46、he blame on the very same technologies they are so aggressively championing.The techno gurus (领袖)promised us that access would make life more convenient and give us more time. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections f

47、rom which there seems to be no easy escape.If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast geographic frontier, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connecti

48、on, making time itself the most scarce of all resources. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell phones, our 24 hour Interact news and entertainment all seize for our attention.And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have le

49、ss time available to us than any other humans in history. That is because the great proliferation of labor-and time-saving services only increases the diversity, pace and flow of commoditized activity around us. For example, e-mail is a great convenience. However, we now find ourselves spending much

50、 of our day frantically responding to each others electronic messages. The cell phone is a great time-saver. Except now we are always potentially in reach of someone else who wants our attention.Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and r

51、eligious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-economy era. If this new

52、 technology revolution is only about hyper efficiency, then we risk losing something even precious than time our sense of what it means to be a caring human being.1. According to the passage, corporate executives think that_.2. Which of the following is NOT true?3. What is the most valuable resource

53、 for the .com generation?4. In the sixth paragraph, the author implied that_.5. An appropriate title for the passage might be_.问题1选项A.technology renaissance should be pushed forwardB.technology has a profound impact on their lives.C.technology actually results in a decline in their life qualityD.tec

54、hnology should be aggressively championed问题2选项A.Technology was supposed to free people.B.The .com generation became slaves of technology.C.New technologies occupy much of our time.D.It is difficult to avoid the influence of technology wonders.问题3选项A.Technological wonders.B.Access to information.C.Ti

55、meD.Time-saving devices.问题4选项A.social conservatives blamed the loss of morality on technologyB.the .com generation was less civil than the earlier generationsC.the hyper speed culture led to the decline in civilityD.technology might make people less impatient问题5选项A.The New Internet LifeB.The Drawbac

56、ks of too Much AccessC.The Failure of Technological RenaissanceD.The Declining Quality of Life【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet

57、 services being introduced into our lives? “No, quite contrary.”（我们在工作、家庭和社区的生活质量是否与我们生活中引入的所有新互联网和企业对企业的互联网服务成正比？“不，完全相反。”）可知C选项“技术实际上导致了他们生活质量的下降”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from whi

58、ch there seems to be no easy escape.（相反，本应解放我们的科技奇迹，却开始把我们束缚在一个似乎无法轻易摆脱的联系网中）但并不是说网络一代变成了技术的奴隶，因此选B。3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources.（我们的每一个空闲时间都充满了某种形式的商业联系，使时间本身成为所有资源中最稀缺的）可知

59、选C。4.推理判断题。文章第六段中的Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?（有没有人问过，高速发展的文化是否让我们所有人都变得不那么有耐心，不太愿意倾听、推迟、考虑和反思？）可知D选项“科技可能会使人失去耐心”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了科技给人们生活带来的负面影响，因此B选项“使用过多的缺点”符合题意。16. 单选题If

60、 the world is to remain peaceful, the utmost effort must be made by nations to limit local _.问题1选项A.collisionsB.combatsC.contradictionsD.conflicts【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项collision“冲突，碰撞”，指物理上的碰撞；B选项combat“格斗，搏斗”；C选项contradiction“矛盾，冲突”，指观点上的冲突；D选项conflict“(武装)斗争，冲突”。根据If the world is to remain peaceful可知

61、D选项符合语义。句意：如果世界要保持和平，各国必须尽最大努力限制地方冲突。17. 单选题John said that he didnt quite_and asked me to repeat what I had said.问题1选项A.snatch upB.summon upC.catch onD.watch out【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项snatch up“夺取，猛然抓住”；B选项summon up“鼓起（勇气），使出（力气），唤起”；C选项catch on“理解，明白，变得流行”；D选项watch out“当心，注意”。根据asked me to repeat what

62、I had said可推测前面指他没听明白我说的话，因此选C。句意：John说他没有太明白，要我重复我下我所说的话。18. 单选题The center task of an empirical science such as economics is to provide general understanding of events in the real world, and ultimately all of its theories and techniques must be instrumental to that task. That is very different from saying, however, that it must be responsive to the contemporaneous conditions and problems of the society in which it is situated.If the problems of economic life changed frequently and radically, and lac