2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷33

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1、2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题We want to（ ）the latest technology into schools.问题1选项A.announceB.operateC.introduceD.cast【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项announce“宣布，述说”，announceto“通知某人，向宣布”；B选项operate“操作，经营”；C选项introduce“介绍，引进”，introduceto“向介绍”；D选项cast“投，抛，计算”。句意：我们想向学校推荐最新的技术。由选项意思和固定搭配可知，C选项符合句意。2. 单

2、选题The bar in the club is for the（ ）use of its members.问题1选项A.extensiveB.exclusiveC.inclusiveD.comprehensive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项extensive“广泛的，大量的”；B选项exclusive“独有的，专一的”；C选项inclusive“包含的，包括的”；D选项comprehensive“综合的，广泛的”。句意：俱乐部内的酒吧仅对会员开放。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。3. 写作题Write on the ANSWER SHEET a composition of

3、 about 200 words based on the topic “Does College Education Prepare Students Well to Melt into Society”?You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons or your experience (s) to support your opinion.In the last

4、 part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.【答案】 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 略4. 单选题There are only ten apples left in the baskets,（ ）the spoilt ones.问题1选项A.not countingB.not to countC.dont countD.having not counted【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。由于句子前后没有

5、连词连接，因此该处填入的动词要用非谓语形式。此处要选择现在分词形式做伴随状语，其否定形式是在前面加上not即可。句意：篮子里只有10个苹果,没算上坏掉的。因此，本题的正确选项是A选项。5. 单选题No words will（ ）to convey my grief.问题1选项A.serveB.supplyC.sufficeD.support【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项serve“招待，供应，为服务”；B选项supply“供给，提供，补充”；C选项suffice“使满足，足够，有能力”，suffice to“足以”，例如：One example will suffice to illu

6、strate the point.举一个例子就足以说明这一点，D选项support“支持，帮助，支撑”，句意：没有言语能够表达我的悲伤。由选项意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C选项符合句意。6. 单选题Too much（ ）to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.问题1选项A.disclosureB.exhibitionC.contactD.exposure【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disclosure“披露，揭发”；B选项exhibition“展览，显示”；C选项contact “接触，联系”

7、；D选项exposure“暴露，曝光”。句意：过多暴露在X射线下会导致皮肤损伤、癌症或其他身体损伤。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。7. 单选题（ ）the reason, important tissues ranging from the muscles to the brain shrink and become less competent with age.问题1选项A.HoweverB.No matter howC.WhicheverD.Whatever【答案】D【解析】考查让步状语从句。A选项however“然而”，通常引导一个让步状语从句，从句中的形容词或副词必须紧接其后

8、；例如：However rich people are，they always seem anxious to take more money.（无论人们有多富裕，他们似乎总是渴望挣到更多的钱。）；B选项no matter how“不管怎样，无论如何”，引导让步状语从句的用法：no matter how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语(+宾语）；例如：No matter how expensive it may be, Ill take it.（无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。）；C选项whichever，“不论哪个”引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter which，其意为“无论哪个”“不管哪个

9、”，在句中充当定语或者宾语，例如：Whichever you choose, the others will be offended.（无论你选哪个，都会冒犯其余的人。）；D选项whatever，“不论什么”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what，在句中充当主语或者宾语，例如：Whatever you say, I wont believe you.（无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。），Whatever引导让步状语从句有时可以省略从句中的be动词，例如：Whatever your argument, I shall hold to my decision.（不论你怎样争辩，我还

10、是坚持自己的决定。），本题属于省略be动词的情况，whatever the reason is，important tissues ranging from the muscles to the brain shrink and become less competent with age.句意：不管是什么原因，从肌肉到大脑的重要组织都会随着年龄的增长而萎缩，能力下降。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题The criminal always paid（ ）cash so the police could not track him down.问题1选项A.onB.atC.forD.in【答案】D【解

11、析】考查固定搭配。此题考查固定词组。pay in cash是一固定词组，意为“付现金”。句意：那名罪犯总是用现金付款，因此警方无法追捕到他。根据选项和句意可知，D选项符合题意。9. 单选题Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper（ ）it closely.问题1选项A.followedB.followingC.to followD.being followed【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。一般情况下，分词作状语时，应与句子的主语存在一定的逻辑关系(主谓或动宾关系)，否则分词就必须有自己的主语或逻辑宾语，来构成“名词或代词+分词”

12、的独立分词结构，用来表示原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随情况等。copper与follow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。由此可见，本题的正确答案是B选项。copper following it closely是以现在分词following为中心的独立主格结构。（独立主格结构就是某一个非谓语动词短语，或名词性短语，或形容词性短语，或介词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而是自己另带的一个逻辑主语。比如本句的主语是silver，但following的逻辑主语是copper。又如：He stood there, book in hand.中的介词短语in hand的逻辑主语是book而不是句子的主语he

13、，所以book in hand为独立主格结构。）。句意：银是最好的导体，铜与之非常接近。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。10. 单选题It is（ ）to expect an adult reaction from a child.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.effectiveC.irrationalD.farcical【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prospective“未来的，预期的”；B选项effective“有效的，实际的”；C选项irrational“不合理的”；D选项farcical“滑稽的，闹剧的，引人发笑的”。句意：指望一个孩子做出成年人的反应是不合理的

14、。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。11. 单选题Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper（ ）closely.问题1选项A.followedB.followsC.followingD.to follow【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。一般情况下，分词作状语时，应与句子的主语存在一定的逻辑关系(主谓或动宾关系)，否则分词就须有自己的主语或逻辑宾语，来构成“名词或代词+分词”的独立分词结构，用来表示原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随情况等。copper与follow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。由此可见，C选项正确。copper

15、following it closely是以现在分词following为中心的独立主格结构。（独立主格结构就是某一个非谓语动词短语，或名词性短语，或形容词性短语，或介词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而是自己另带的一个逻辑主语。比如本句的主语是silver，但following的逻辑主语是copper。又如：He stood there, book in hand.中的介词短语in hand的逻辑主语是book而不是句子的主语he，所以book in hand为独立主格结构。）句意：银是最好的导体，铜与之非常接近。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。12. 单选题After（ ）seemed an

16、 endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel managers office.问题1选项A.thatB.itC.whatD.there【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。介词after后面接的是宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少主语，用what引导宾语从句，并做从句的主语。句意：在无尽的等待后，轮到她进入人事部经理的办公室了。因此本题的正确答案是C选项。13. 单选题There are many who believe that the use of force（ ）political ends can never be justified.问

17、题1选项A.in search ofB.in pursuit ofC.in view ofD.in light of【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项in search of“寻找”，例句：The birds fly south in search of winter sun（鸟群南飞寻觅冬天的阳光。）；B选项in pursuit of“追求”，例句：What we want is to see the child in pursuit of knowledge，and not knowledge in pursuit of the child（我们想要看到的是孩子追求知识，而不是知识追

18、求孩子。）；C选项in view of“鉴于，由于”，例句：In view of the above-mentioned facts, we wish to make the following proposals.（鉴于上述情况，我们提出以下建议。）；D选项in light of“根据”，例句：In light of quality of tone is concerned，this radio set is quite up to the standard（就音质而言，这台收音机已经很合乎标准了。）。句意：有很多人认为政治上武力使用停止是不合理的。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。14

19、. 单选题A（ ）statement will very likely be one that appears to be convincing on the surface, but which, upon closer examination, is not so.问题1选项A.plausibleB.reasonableC.credibleD.laudable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项plausible“看似可信的，花言巧语的”；B选项reasonable “合理的，公道的”；C选项credible“可靠的，可信的”；D选项laudable“可赞誉的，值得称赞的”。句意：一个

20、看似可信的陈述很可能是表面上看起来令人信服的，但在仔细检查后，却并非如此。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。15. 单选题The tone of the article（ ）the writers mood at the time.问题1选项A.reproducedB.reflectedC.imaginedD.imitated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项reproduce“复制，繁殖”；B选项reflect“反射，反应”；C选项imagine“想象，猜想”；D选项imitate“模仿，仿制”。句意：这篇文章的语气反映了作者当时的心情。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。16.

21、单选题Over the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with “nonhuman creatures” such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. On

22、ly recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca “lines” of Peru were dis

23、covered in the 1930s. These fines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,

24、000 feet-meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appe

25、ared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Danikens theory. Over the years several other theories have been put for

26、th, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin Americas past, and even respected scientists have

27、joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?2. According to the passage, the Nazca lines were found（ ）.3. We can infer from the passage that

28、the higher the lines are seen, the（ ）images they present.3. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of（ ）.5. The author is（ ）about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.问题1选项A.Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomenaB.Public attention is no

29、w directed towards countries like PeruC.Public interest usually focuses on North America and EuropeD.Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries问题2选项A.in mountainsB.in stonesC.on animalsD.on a plain问题3选项A.smallerB.largerC.clearerD.brighter问题4选项A.the participation of scientistsB.the emergence

30、of the InternetC.the birth of new theoriesD.the interest in the Internet问题5选项A.cautiousB.pessimisticC.uncertainD.optimistic【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题干：以下哪个选项的陈述不正确？文章第一段第三句指出Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well.（直到最近，拉丁美洲也开始受到一些关注。），可知A选项“拉丁美洲长期以来一直

31、因异常现象而受到关注”，与原文意思矛盾，表述不正确，答案选A；根据第一段最后一句话Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.（尽管阿兹特克文明、玛雅文明和印加文明的奥秘已经为人所知好几个世纪了，但现在公众也开始意识到在秘鲁等国家出现了不寻常的超自然现象

32、。），可知B选项“公众的注意力现在转向了像秘鲁这样的国家”和D选项“一些古代文明有未解之谜”，均符合文意；根据第一段第一句话Over the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries.（在过去的几十年里，美国、加拿大和欧洲因异常现象和未解之谜而受到了大量媒体甚至研究的关注。），可知C选项“公众的兴趣通常集中在北美和欧洲

33、”正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。2.事实细节题。题干：根据文章可知，纳斯卡线条在_被发现。由题干关键词“Nazca lines”定位至第二段第二句话These fines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard.（这些细雕被深深地雕刻成一个平坦的石质平原，并形成了大约300幅复杂的动物图片，如鸟、猴子和蜥蜴。），可知D选项“在平原”，正确。A选项“在山区”，B选项“

34、石头上”和C选项“在动物身上”，均不是正确答案。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。3.事实细节题。题干：我们可以根据文章推断，在越高的地方看这些线条，图像展现得就会越_。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三，四句话Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet-meaning from an aircraft.（从地面上看，这些设计是乱七八糟，毫无意义的东西。这些图

35、像是如此之大，以至于只能在1000英尺的高度也就是说从飞机上看。），也就是说，从越高的地方看这些线条，图案也就越清晰。所以本题C选项“越清晰”，符合题意。A选项“越渺小”，B选项“越庞大”，和D选项“越明亮”，均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。4.事实细节题。题干：人们对纳斯卡线条越来越感兴趣主要是因为_。由题干可以定位到文章第三段前两句Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet.（今天，

36、人们对纳斯卡线条有了新的更大的兴趣。它是互联网诞生的直接结果。），可知B选项“互联网的出现”，符合题意；而第三段最后一句话and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.（甚至受人尊敬的科学家也通过电子邮件和聊天室加入了讨论），是对互联网对其贡献的具体说明，不是直接原因，故A选项“科学家的参与”，不正确；C选项“新理论的诞生”和D选项“互联网的兴趣”与题干无关，故排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。5.观点态度题。题干：关于互联网在解决神秘事件中的作用，作者是_。全

37、文末句表达了作者的态度Perhaps it is a step in the fight direction.（也许这是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。）这里a step in the right direction是对这种解开不解之谜的方式的肯定，但加上perhaps之后可以感受到作者这种谨慎的态度，故A选项“谨慎的”，符合题意。B选项“悲观的”，C选项“不确定的”和D选项“乐观的”，均不是作者的态度。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。17. 单选题Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the na

38、tions and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic

39、Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor contests.One country received its second-place medals wi

40、th visible indignation after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage

41、 when he said: “This wasnt hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished. ” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first p

42、lace to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The Game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to t

43、he other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals

44、.Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too m

45、uch that encourages aggressive patriotism.1. According to the author, recent Olympic Games（ ）.2. What did the manager mean by saying, “Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”？3. The basketball example implied that（ ）.4. The author gives the two examples in paragraphs 2-3 to show

46、（ ）.5. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?问题1选项A.created goodwill between the nationsB.bred only false national prideC.barely showed any international friendshipD.led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred问题2选项A.His team would no longer take part in international games.B.Hockey and

47、the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions.C.There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation.D.The Federation should be dissolved.问题3选项A.too much patriotism was displayed in the incidentB.the announcement to prolong the match was wrongC.the appeal jury was too hesitant

48、 in making the decisionD.the American team was right in rejecting the silver medals问题4选项A.how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international gamesB.that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to beC.that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendshipD

49、.that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games问题5选项A.The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.B.Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games.C.Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.D.International contests are liable for misunderst

50、anding between nations【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：根据作者，最近的奥林匹克运动会_。由题干中的“recent the Olympic Games”内容可以定位到文章第一段第三句but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood.（但近年来，奥运会在支持体育促进国际友谊这一观点方面做得很少。），可知，C选项“几乎没有显示出任

51、何国际友谊”，符合题意。A选项“在国与国之间建立了友好关系”，与原文观点相反，故排除。由第一段第二句that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred.（国际竞赛鼓励虚假的民族自豪感，导致误解和仇恨），可知，B选项“只孕育了虚假的民族自豪感”和D选项“导致越来越多的误解和仇恨”是说international contests的，而不是针对Olympic Games的，故排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案为C选项。2.事实细节题。题干：这位经理说“冰球和国

52、际冰球联合会完蛋了”是什么意思？根据第二段的例子，我们可以看出，在比赛中获得亚军的球队，表现出愤懑之情，拒绝接受最后的结果。他们认为他们的一次进球应算有效，对手的胜利是不公正的，这种不公正会毁坏国际曲棍球协会的声誉，会把曲棍球运动毁掉，所以B选项“冰球和冰球联合会都被不公平的裁决给毁了”为正确答案。而A选项“他的球队将不再参加国际比赛”，C选项“联盟不应该再组织冰球比赛了”和D选项“联邦应解散”，很难从上下文中推理出来。综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项。3.推理判断题。题干：篮球的例子暗示了_。本题为推断题，需要在理解了第三段的基础上，根据某些句子进行推断。第三段意思是：美国篮球队宣布他们在和

53、俄罗斯的比赛中不放弃第一名的位置。比赛在一片混乱中结束。一开始以为是美国队以一分之差赢得了比赛。但随后宣布还有三秒钟，一位俄罗斯队员从球场的一端把球扔到另一端，另一个俄罗斯队员把球投进篮里。这是美国篮球队第一次在奥林匹克比赛中失利。评判委员会争论了四个半小时才宣布维持比赛结果。美国队投票决定不接受银牌。表明爱国情绪太过头，体育规则受到藐视。可推断出A选项“这次事件展现了太多的爱国主义”为正确答案。而B“延长比赛时间的公告是错误的”，C选项“上诉陪审团在做决定时太犹豫了”和D选项“美国队拒绝获得银牌是正确的”都没有证据可证明。综上所述，本题的正确答案为A选项。4.推理判断题。题干：作者在2-3段

54、举了两个例子来说明_。结合文章的主题international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred（国际竞赛鼓励虚假的民族自豪感，导致误解和仇恨），可以判断冰球和篮球的例子都说明比赛中的竞争阻碍了国际友谊。可推断出C选项“奥运会的竞争性阻碍了国际间的友谊”为正确答案。A选项“错误的民族自豪感如何导致国际比赛中不受欢迎的事件”，B“运动员比以前更听话了”，和D选项“不公平的决定在奥运会中很常见”都不是这两个例子想要说明的问题。综上所述，本题的正确答案为C选项。5.主旨大意题

55、。题干：从文章中可以得出什么结论？通过最后一段内容Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Oly

56、mpics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.（只要体育运动是为了竞争而不是为了热爱这项运动，这样的事件就会继续发生。认为运动员应该以个人身份或非国家代表队参加比赛的建议，可能是一种奢望。但是，在目前的奥运会组织中，鼓励强烈爱国主义的因素太多了。），可知，B选项“运动员应以个人身份参加奥运会比赛”，C选项“体育运动应该是竞争性的，而不是出于对运动的热爱。”不符合题意。D选项“国际竞赛容易引起国与国之间的误解”文章有提到international contests encourage false nationa

57、l pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred（国际竞赛鼓励虚假的民族自豪感，导致误解和仇恨），但是并没有说这个误解是国与国之间的，所以排除D选项。这是一篇评论性文章，文中寄托了作者的希望。可以看出A选项“必须改进奥运会的组织工作”，是作者通过文章内容希望改进的建议。综上所述，本题的正确答案为A选项。18. 单选题The job of a student accommodation officer（ ）a great many visits to landladies.问题1选项A.concernsB.offersC.asksD.involves

58、【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。考查动词辨析。A选项concern“关系到，涉及”，搭配是sth. concern sb.表示“某事关系到某人”；B选项offer“提供，给予”；C选项ask“询问，邀请”；D选项involve“包含，涉及”。句意：学生宿舍管理人员的工作包括经常拜访女房东。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。19. 单选题Dont let such a（ ）matter as this come between us so that we can concentrate on the major issue.问题1选项A.trivialB.partialC.slightD.m

59、inimal【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项trivial“不重要的，琐碎的”，trivial matter是固定搭配，表示“琐事”；B选项partial“偏爱的，不公平的”；C选项slight“轻微的，少量的”；D选项minimal“最低的，最小限度的”。句意：不要让这件小事造成我们之间的障碍，以便我们能够将精力集中在主要的事情上。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。20. 单选题Many countries have adopted systems of（ ）education in order to promote the average level of education.

60、问题1选项A.constrainedB.compulsoryC.cardinalD.conventional【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项constrained“强迫的，过于受约束的”，例如：a constrained confession（逼供、被迫招供），constrained emotions（受压抑的感情）；B选项compulsory“义务的，必修的”，例如：compulsory measures（强迫手段），compulsory service system（义务兵役制）；C选项cardinal“主要的，基本的”，例句：Respect for life is a cardinal principle of English law.（尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则）；D选项conventional“传统的，惯例的”，例句：The chairman made a few conventional remarks.（主席说了几句客套话。）。句意：为了提高平均教育水平，许多国家都采用了义务教育制度。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。