2022年考博英语-北京大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷63

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1、2022年考博英语-北京大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite（ ）in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz.问题1选项A.lackedB.lackingC.for lack ofD.lack of【答案】B【解析】考查语法知识。空格处词语用来修饰前面的dance，所以是形容词性。lack 与dance之间是主动关系，因此应使用动词的现在分词形式来修饰。因此B选项符合题意。2. 单选题There are too

2、 many complaints about society having to move too fast to keep up with the machine.问题1选项A.that have toB.have toC.having toD.has to【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。空格前是一个完整的there be句子，不缺成分，因此排除B和D两个谓语动词形式。如选择A选项，无法确认先行词会造成语意混乱，因此排除A选项。C选项的having to是以现在分词形式作为后置定语修饰前面的society。句意：有太多的人抱怨这个社会为了跟上机器而发展得太快。因此C选项符合题意。3. 单选题

3、Summer holidays spent on the hot ghetto streets are ( ) he time middle-class students devote to camps, exotic vacations and highly organized sports.问题1选项A.as hardly culturally enriching asB.as hardly enriching culture asC.hardly as culturally enriching asD.hardly as cultural enriching as【答案】C【解析】考查语

4、法知识。当否定词hardly修饰asas时要放在前面，修饰形容词性的enriching要使用副词，因此C选项符合题意。4. 单选题The（） British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking once said in an interview that heaven is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark.问题1选项A.imposingB.loftyC.prominentD.eminent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。空格处应填入形容词修饰physicist。imposing“壮观的，威风的

5、”；lofty“崇高的，高傲的”；prominent“突出的，显著的”；eminent“杰出的，有名的”。句意：英国杰出的理论物理学家斯蒂芬霍金曾在一次采访中说，天堂是为害怕黑暗的人准备的童话故事。因此D选项符合题意。5. 单选题For a nation of pet lovers, Britain conducts a surprising number of experiments on animals some 3 m a year. America appears to use fewer animalsjust 1.1 m a year, according to official

6、statisticsbut that is an illusion. Unlike Britains government, Americas does not think rats and mice worth counting. Japan and China have even less comprehensive data than America, and animals used in research in those two countries are not protected to the same extent that they are in the West. Eve

7、n so, academic centers supporting alternatives to animal testing have emerged in both places in recent years. In July China issued its first set of guidelines governing the use of animals in research.In an ideal world, there would be no animal testing. It is expensive and can be of dubious scientifi

8、c value, since different species often react differently to the same procedure. That is why many researchers are working on ways of reducing the number of animal experiments needed and of making those that still happen more effective. However, the transition is proving easier for some types of exper

9、iment than for others, as a group of researchers in the field discussed at the sixth World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences, held last week in Tokyo.The most important message from the congress was that things are going in the right direction. The number of animals used i

10、n experiments has fallen by half in the past 30 years, at least in those countries that record such things. There has also been a shift in the sort of animal used. Most of those employed today are rodents rather than dogs, cats, rabbits and monkeys. (That public opinion generally welcomes this is, h

11、owever, a good example of cutist prejudice for one species over another: there is no reason to believe that rodents suffer less than other mammals.) Also, of the experiments that are still conducted, the majority are now concerned with developing and testing medicine rather than, say, checking how t

12、oxic cosmetics are. Of the 11 m animals involved each year in experiments that have to be reported to the European Commission, about 45 % are used for medical and veterinary purposes and another 35% for basic biomedical research.1.Which of the following is an illusion?2.Many researchers are currentl

13、y trying to _.3.The cutist prejudice probably refers to the fact that _.问题1选项A.Britain protects animals used in research better than Japan and China.B.China has issued guidelines governing the use of animals in research.C.Japan has less comprehensive data on animal testing than America.D.America con

14、ducts fewer experiments on animals than Britain.问题2选项A.use animals involved in research more effectivelyB.slow down the transition for some experimentsC.challenge the scientific value of animal testingD.raise the cost of using any animals in research问题3选项A.pet animals are thought to suffer more in e

15、xperimentsB.rodents are believed to react in the same way with humansC.testing medicine is supposed to do more harm than testing cosmeticsD.what sort of animals to use is reckoned more crucial than whether to use them【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A【解析】1.细节题。题干：下面哪个是“错觉”？根据“an illusion”定位到文章第一段第二句“America appear

16、s to use fewer animalsjust 1.1 m a year, according to official statisticsbut that is an illusion”，说明美国用动物做的试验似乎少一些是错觉。因此D选项符合题意。2.细节题。题干：许多研究人员目前正试图_。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段中“many researchers are working on ways of reducing the number of animal experiments needed and of making those that still happen more ef

17、fective”，研究人员在采取措施减少动物使用量，并提高成效。因此A选项符合题意。3.细节题。题干：cutist prejudice可能指的是_。根据关键词定位到文章第三段，后面提到“there is no reason to believe that rodents suffer less than other mammals”没有理由认为啮齿类动物（在实验中）遭受的痛苦比其他哺乳动物要少，这表明了对于不同物种间持有的偏见。因此A选项符合题意。6. 单选题Only when faced with overwhelming evidence of being treated differen

18、tly than the men who surrounded me（ ），briefly, with the notion that I was different in gender-related ways from my male colleagues.问题1选项A.that I dealtB.I dealtC.then I dealtD.did I deal【答案】D【解析】考查语法知识。only位于句首时，引导的句子为部分倒装结构。only后紧跟的是when引导的时间状语从句，因此使用正常语序，主句则需要倒装。D选项符合题意7. 单选题How can I ever concentr

19、ate if you _ continually _ me with silly questions?问题1选项A.have, interruptedB.had, interruptedC.are, interruptingD.were, interrupted【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句中带有continually时，可用现在进行时表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态。句意：如果你不断用这种无聊的问题打扰我，我怎么能集中精力呢？因此C选项符合题意。8. 单选题Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not ( ) c

20、lose examination.问题1选项A.put up withB.keep up withC.stand up toD.look up to【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。put up with“忍受，容忍”；keep up with“赶得上；和保持联系”；stand up to“经得起；抵抗”；look up to“尊敬”。句意：虽然这些假钞愚弄了许多人，但他们经不起仔细检查。因此C选项符合题意。9. 单选题( )，wireless communications will increasingly become part of the fabric of everyday life.

21、问题1选项A.In years to comeB.Since coming yearsC.For years to comeD.Over coming years【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。In years to come“在未来的几年中”；since coming years无此表达方式；for years to come无此用法；over coming years无此用法。因此A选项符合题意。10. 单选题The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An esti

22、mated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of Ame

23、rican society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make such person

24、al decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into be

25、lieving it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adop

26、t a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo draw a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical p

27、robability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and long

28、evity.1.The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because （ ）.2.Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because _.3.According to Fries and Crapo, sound health choice should be based on _.问题1选项A.it is essential to personal freedom in American societyB.it helps rais

29、e the level of our medical knowledgeC.personal health choices help cure most illnessesD.wrong decisions could lead to poor health问题2选项A.current medical knowledge is still insufficientB.there are many factors influencing our decisionsC.people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friendsD.f

30、ew people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of life问题3选项A.personal decisionsB.societys lawsC.friends opinionsD.statistical evidence【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：个人健康选择的概念很重要，因为_。文章第二句话提到“An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make

31、 sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge”，可知个人健康的正确选择将避免约90%的疾病，如果不做合理选择就可能导致疾病。因此D选项符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：合理的个人健康选择往往很难做出，因为_。由“choice”定位到文章第一段倒数第二句，往下看到第二段第一句对此现象做了总结：A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behavior

32、s。说明影响因素是方方面面的。因此B选项符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：弗里斯和克拉波认为，健康的选择应该基于_。根据文章最后两句可知弗里斯和克拉波认为“personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity”，统计数据才能确定哪些是有利于健康的行为。因此D选项符合题意。11. 单选题The market for dust masks and air purifiers

33、 is（ ） in Beijing because the capital has been shrouded for several days in thick fog and haze.问题1选项A.boomingB.loomingC.doomingD.zooming【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。booming“兴旺的，繁荣的”；looming“隐隐约约的，正在逼近的”；dooming“命中注定，宣判”；zooming“急速上升的”。句意：北京的口罩和空气净化器市场正在迅速发展，因为首都已经连续几天笼罩在浓雾之中。因此A选项符合题意。12. 单选题The United Nations

34、Population Fund has picked October 31 as the day the world will be home to 7billion people.For better and worse, its a milestone.And there will be more milestones ahead. Fourteen years from now, there are expected to be 8billion people on the planet. Most of the growth will occur in the worlds poore

35、r countries.Proportionally, Europes population will decline, while Africas will increase. At around the same time,India will overtake China as the most populous nation on Earth.The growing global population is just one side of the coin. A recent report from the World HealthOrganization signaled the

36、seriousness of the human population explosion: more than 3 billion people about half the worlds population are malnourished. Never before have so many, or such a largeproportion, of the worlds people been malnourished.And in a growing number of countries there is a seemingly unstoppable march toward

37、 sub-replacement fertility, whereby each new generation is less populous than the previous one, andpopulation aging.As a result of declining fertility and increasing longevity, the populations of more and morecountries are aging rapidly. Between 2005 and 2050, a rise in the population aged 60 years

38、or over willbe visible, whereas the number of children (persons under age 15) will decline slightly.Population aging represents, in one sense, a success story for mankind, but it also poses profound challenges to public institutions that must adapt to a changing age structure.The latest national cen

39、sus in China shows the number of elderly people in the country has jumped tomore than 13. 3 percent of the population, an increase of nearly 3 percentage points on the percentagefrom the previous census in 2000. A quarter of the countrys population will be over 65 by 2050,according to the National P

40、opulation and Family Planning Commission.The growing number of elderly is a challenge that the government needs to tackle ； we cant rely onthe ever-increasing population to support them or maintain the nations economic growth. Bettersolutions are needed, such as raising retirement ages to reflect th

41、e greater longevity and workingcapability of todays older adults and making adjustments so pension programs are more accessible.It was heartening to hear the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security spokespersonannounced in Beijing on Tuesday that the government will take retirement policy se

42、riously andproactively.Shanghai began testing a flexible retirement system last October. Eligible employees in the privatesector are allowed to postpone retirement until the age of 65 for men and 60 for women. Publicservants, however, will continue to retire under the present system age 60 for men a

43、nd 55 for women.1.According to the passage, India will_ in 14 years.2.What problem will result from the global population explosion?3.Population on aging represents the following EXCEPT（ ）.4.Todays older adults enjoy（ ）.5.What is the authors attitude toward the spokespersons announcement?问题1选项A.be a

44、 poorer countryB.be the most populous countryC.decline in populationD.increase investment in Africa.问题2选项A.Population aging.B.Increasing longevity.C.Declining fertility.D.Expanding malnourishment.问题3选项A.rapid economic developmentB.challenge to public institutionsC.success story of mankindD.changing

45、age structure问题4选项A.more working yearsB.more accessible pension programsC.greater longevityD.greater government support问题5选项A.Angered.B.Delighted.C.Indifferent.D.Disappointed.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节题。题干：根据这篇文章，印度将在14年后_。根据关键词India 和14years定位到文章第三段最后一句“India will overtake China as the m

46、ost populous nation on Earth”，印度将超越中国成为人口最大国。因此B选项符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：全球人口激增将带来什么问题？文章第四段第二句提到“人口激增”。紧接着后文提到“more than 3 billion people about half the worlds population are malnourished”，可知营养不良的人口增多，范围会扩大。因此D选项符合题意。3.细节题。题干：人口老龄化带来的问题除了_。第七段提到人口老龄化的问题“Population aging represents, in one sense, a success

47、 story for mankind, but it also poses profound challenges to public institutions that must adapt to a changing age structure.”除了A选项的“经济快速发展”没有体现外，其他都是人口老龄化的问题。因此A选项符合题意。4.细节题。题干：现在的老年人享有_。文章第九段提到“Better solutions are needed, such as raising retirement ages toreflect the greater longevity and working

48、 capability of todays older adults and making adjustments so pension programs are moreaccessible”，可知，在（人口老龄化）这种情况下需要更好的解决方法，比如考虑到如今老年人的寿命越来越长，以及他们的工作能力，可以采取提高退休年龄的方法；也可作出政策调整，使养老金计划更改。由此可知，如今老年人的寿命是越来越长的。因此C选项正确。 5.态度题。题干：作者对发言人的声明持什么态度？关于发言人的生明出现在文章倒数第二段第一句，使用的语句是“it is heartening to hear振奋人心的”，可知作

49、者对于声明持积极态度。因此B选项符合题意。13. 单选题A considerable part of Facebooks appeal stems from its miraculous fusion of distance with intimacy, or the illusion of distance with the illusion of intimacy. Our online communities become engines of self-image, and self-image becomes the engine of community. The real dan

50、ger with Facebook is not that it allows us to isolate ourselves, but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity, it threatens to alter the very nature of solitude. The new isolation is not of the kind that Americans once idealized, the lonesomeness of the proudly nonconformist, indepe

51、ndent-minded, solitary stoic, or that of the astronaut who blasts into new worlds. Facebooks isolation is a grind. Whats truly staggering about Facebook usage is not its volume 750 million photographs uploaded over a single weekend but the constancy of the performance it demands. More than half its

52、users and one of every 13 people on Earth is a Facebook user log on every day. Among 18-to-34-year- olds, nearly half check Facebook minutes after waking up, and 28 percent do so before getting out of bed. The relentlessness is what is so new, so potentially transformative. Facebook never takes a br

53、eak. We never take a break. Human beings have always created elaborate acts of self-presentation. But not all the time, not every morning, before we even pour a cup of coffee.Nostalgia for the good old days of disconnection would not just be pointless, it would be hypocritical and ungrateful. But th

54、e very magic of the new machines, the efficiency and elegance with which they serve us, obscures what isnt being served: everything that matters. What Facebook has revealed about human nature and this is not a minor revelation is that a connection is not the same thing as a bond, and that instant an

55、d total connection is no salvation, no ticket to a happier, better world or a more liberated version of humanity. Solitude used to be good for self-reflection and self- reinvention. But now we are left talking about who we are all the time, without ever really thinking about who we are. Facebook den

56、ies us a pleasure whose profundity we had underestimated: the chance to forget about ourselves for a while, the chance to disconnect.1.Which of the following statements regarding the power of Facebook can be inferred from the passage?2.hich of the following statements about the underside of Facebook

57、 is supported by theinformation contained in this passage?3.Which of the following best states “the new isolation” mentioned by the author?4.Which of the following belongs to the category of “everything that matters” according to the passage?5.Which of the following conclusions about Facebook does t

58、he author want us to draw?问题1选项A.It creates the isolation people want.B.It delivers a more friendly world.C.It produces intimacy people lack in the real world.D.It enables us to be social while avoiding the mess of human interaction.问题2选项A.It imprisons people in the business of self-presentation.B.I

59、t causes social disintegration.C.It makes people vainer.D.It makes people lonelier.问题3选项A.It is full of the spirit of adventure.B.It is the extension of individualism.C.It has a touch of narcissism.D.It evolves from the appetite for independence.问题4选项A.Constant connection.B.Instant communication.C.S

60、mooth sociability.D.A human bond.问题5选项A.It creates friendship.B.It denies us the pleasure of socializing.C.It opens a new world for us.D.It draws us into a paradox.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：从这篇文章中，我们可以推断出以下哪个关于Facebook力量的陈述？根据第一段第三句“but that by mixing our appetite for isolation wit

61、h our vanity”可知Facebook给予了人们想要的孤独，同时又满足了人们自恋的心理。选项A符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：以下哪一项关于Facebook的负面陈述得到了这篇文章所包含信息的支持？根据第一段第三句“but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity”以及最后两句“Human beings have always created elaborate acts of self-presentation. But not all the time, not every morning”可知Faceboo

62、k让人们变得越来越虚荣，时刻想着去展示自己。原文中的vanity与选项C中的vanier是同根词。因此选型C符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：作者提到的“新孤立”，以下哪一种表述最好？由题干中关键词“the new isolation”定位到第一段第四句。前文中提到“it threatens to alter the very nature of solitude ”，加上第一段最后两句“Human beings have always created elaborate acts of self-presentation. But not all the time, not every morning”，可知Facebook改变了孤独的本质，人们时时刻刻想着在Facebook上展现自我（自恋）。因此选项C符合题意。4.细节推理题。题干：根据短文，下列哪一项属于“每一样重要的东西”范畴？由题干中关键词“eveverything that matters”定位到第二段第二句