2022年考博英语-燕山大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷65

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1、2022年考博英语-燕山大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题Parents of wailing babies, take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents legs. Throughout the animal kingdom, babies know how to get their parents attention. Exactly why evolution has p

2、roduced all this fussing, squawking and tapping is a question many biologists are trying to answer.(1) Someday, that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. “It may point researchers in the right direction to find the causes of excessive crying,” said Joseph Soltis, a bi

3、oacoustics expert at Disneys Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Soltis published an article on the evolution of crying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.Young animals vary in how much they cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents, and studies with mice, b

4、eetles and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on genes.Some level of crying in humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. (2) But as for the genetic contribution, you might expect that natural selection would favor genes for noisier children, since they would get more

5、attention.Before long, however, this sort of deception may be ruinous. If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. (3) Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertise

6、ments.Some biologists have speculated that these honest advertisements may not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also show their parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra investment.The babies of rhesus macaque monkeys cry out to their mothers a

7、nd tend to cry even more around the time their mothers wean (断奶) them. The mothers, in response, begin to ignore most of their babies distress calls, since most turn out to be false alarms.“Initially, mothers respond any time an infant cries,” said Dario Maestripieri, a primatologist at the Universi

8、ty of Chicago, (4) “But as the cries increase, they respond less and less. They become more skeptical. So infants start crying less. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses.”Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymouth in England, has spent more than a decade observing

9、chimpanzee babies. “Chimps can cry for a long time if something terrible is happening to them, but when you pick them up, they stop,” Bard said. “Ive never seen any chimpanzees in the first three months of life be inconsolable.”Maestripieri and other researchers say these evolutionary forces may hav

10、e also shaped the cries of human babies. “All primate infants cry,” Maestripieri said. (5) “Its a very conserved behavior. Its not something humans have evolved on their own.”【答案】1. 有一天，也许这个答案会解开人类婴儿哭泣之谜。2. 但说到基因方面的原因，你可能会认为自然选择会倾向于吵闹的孩子的基因，因为他们会得到更多的关注。3. 因此，有的进化生物学家提出，自然选择会倾向于所谓的诚实宣传。4. 但随着叫声越来越多，

11、母亲的反应也越来越少，因为她们开始怀疑哭声的真实性。所以婴儿的嗷叫随之变少。5. “这是一种非常保守的行为。这不是人类自己进化出来的。”2. 单选题Im acting as _ while the manager is away on business.问题1选项A.agencyB.policyC.deputyD.colleague【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项agency“（尤指）代理机构，经销机构；（政府的）专门机构”；B选项policy“政策”；C选项deputy“副手；代理人”；D选项colleague“同事”。句意：经理出差时，由我_。根据语境，这里指经理不在的时

12、候，我来完成他的工作，C选项deputy“副手；代理人”符合题意。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _ in Cuba.问题1选项A.being cultivatedB.been cultivatedC.having cultivatedD.cultivating【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：玉米原产于新大陆，因此直到哥伦布发现古巴在种植玉米，欧洲才知道它的存在。it指玉米，根据玉米被种植确定用被动语

13、态，排除C、D选项；在until引导的时间状语从句中，it是宾语，横线到句尾是宾补，强调被种植的状态，用现在分词的形式，A选项being cultivated符合题意。B选项been cultivated用法错误。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题The words of his old teacher left a _ impression on his mind. He is still influenced by them.问题1选项A.lastingB.liberalC.longD.lively【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项lasting“持久的；永恒的”；B选项lib

14、eral“开明的；大方的”；C选项long“长时间的”；D选项lively“活跃热情的；充满趣味的”。句意：他以前的老师的话给他留下了_印象。他仍然受到他们的影响。根据语境，很长的时间以后他都受老师言语的影响，lasting impression为固定短语，A选项lasting“持久的；永恒的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题He was completely _ by her story of hardship.问题1选项A.taken awayB.taken downC.taken upD.taken in【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项taken away“拿走”

15、；B选项taken down“（从高处）取下；拆除；记下”；C选项taken up“开始从事；着手处理；接受（建议或挑战）”；D选项taken in“收留；欺骗”。句意：他完全被她艰难困苦的故事_。根据语境，这里表达的是他被她欺骗了，D选项taken in“收留；欺骗”符合题意。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题You had better _ teasing these newcomers, for that will hurt their feeling.问题1选项A.leave offB.leave behindC.leave outD.leave for【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查短语

16、辨析。A选项leave off“漏掉；停止”；B选项leave behind“永远离开；留下；落后”；C选项leave out“排除；不考虑”；D选项leave for“出发前往（某地）；把留给（某人）做；把留在（另一时间做）”。句意：你最好_取笑这些新来的人，那样会伤害他们的感情。根据语境，这里指的是不要取笑别人，A选项leave off“停止”符合题意。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题You _ him so closely, you should have kept your distance.问题1选项A.couldnt have been followingB.shouldnt have

17、 been followingC.shouldnt followD.mustnt follow【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查情态动词。句意：你_跟他那么近，你应该跟他保持距离的。这里指的是应该保持距离，不应该那么近，句子前面部分和后面部分表达同一个意思，根据后面you should可知前面对应的是you，C选项shouldnt follow正确。B选项shouldnt have been following“本不应该被跟”不符合语境。A选项couldnt have been following和D选项mustnt follow中情态词不对应，表达的意思不同。因此C选项正确。8. 单选题I

18、dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late.问题1选项A.your delaying to makeB.you delay to makeC.you to delay makingD.your delaying making【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你推迟做决定。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，delay doing sth.“推迟做某事”，mind和delay后跟动名词做宾语，D选项your delaying making符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此D选项正确。9

19、. 单选题This is the military _. Nobody is allowed to get in without permission.问题1选项A.bondB.zoneC.butterD.zoo【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项bond“纽带”；B选项zone“（有某特色或作用的）地区”；C选项butter“黄油”；D选项zoo“动物园”。句意：这是军事_。未经允许，任何人不得入内。根据语境，这里指的是不得进入一个区域，B选项zone“有某特色或作用的）地区”符合题意。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题_ she realized it was too late

20、to go home.问题1选项A.No sooner it grew dark thanB.Hardly did it grow dark thatC.Scarcely had it grown dark thanD.It was not until dark that【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到天黑，她才意识到太晚了，不能回家了。A、B、C选项意思为“一就”；A选项no soonerthan置于句首，前面部分倒装；B选项hardlywhen“”和C选项scarcelywhen是固定搭配。D选项it is not untilthat“直到才”用法正确。因此D选项正确。

21、11. 单选题Spy writer John Le Carre hit the _ with his caustic portrayal of the citys mix of dreariness and international intrigue in his 1968 novel, A Small Town in Germany.问题1选项A.houseB.homeC.placeD.headline【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项house“房屋”；B选项home“家”；C选项place“地方”；D选项headline“（报纸的）大字标题”，hit the headl

22、ines“成为头条新闻”。句意：间谍作家约翰勒卡雷在1968年出版的小说德国小镇中，以犀利的笔法描写了这个城市的沉闷和国际阴谋。根据语境和词组hit the headlines“成为头条新闻”，D选项headline“（报纸的）大字标题”符合题意。因此D选项正确。12. 单选题That is a _ point of view. I dont agree with you.问题1选项A.crystalB.proteinC.unionD.conservative【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项crystal“水晶”；B选项protein“蛋白质的”；C选项union“联合”；D

23、选项conservative“保守的”。句意：这观点很_。我不同意你的看法。根据语境，D选项conservative“保守的”搭配point of view比较合理，意思指这个观点非常保守，符合题意。因此D选项正确。13. 单选题The wreckage of the exploded car _ the traffic.问题1选项A.interferedB.interpretedC.disruptedD.corrupted【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项interfered“妨碍（有损害）”；B选项interpreted“解释；作口译”；C选项disrupted“妨碍，扰乱

24、（使维持正常状态有难度）”；D选项corrupted“腐化”。句意：汽车爆炸的残骸_交通。根据语境，这里指汽车爆炸扰乱了正常交通，C选项disrupted“妨碍，扰乱（使维持正常状态有难度）”符合题意。因此C选项正确。14. 单选题Whenever I hear a weather report declaring its the hottest June 10 on record or whatever, I cant take it too seriously, because “ever” really means “as long as the records go hack”, wh

25、ich is only as far as the late 1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring temperatures before that, thoughnot for individual dates, but they can tell the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks in corals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores dril

26、led into glacial ice. They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundreds of years ago compared with today.And in the most comprehensive compilation of such data to date, says a new report from the National Research Council, it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotte

27、r than any comparable period in the last 400 years. Thats a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and down of average temperaturesa frequent assertion of the global-warming-doubters crowd.The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last y

28、ear by climatologist Michael Mann, of the University of Virginia (hes the creator of the “hockey stick” graph A1 Gore used in “An Inconvenient Truth” to dramatize the rise in carbon dioxide in recent years). Mann claimed that the recent warming was unprecedented in the past thousand yearsthat led Co

29、ngress to order up an assessment by the prestigious Research Council. Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data. But the past 400 wasso resoundingly that it fully supports the claim that todays temperatures are unnaturally warm, just as g

30、lobal warming theory has been predicting for a hundred years. And if theres any doubt about whether these proxy measurements are really legitimate, the NRC scientists compared them with actual temperature data from the most recent century, when real thermometers were in widespread use. The match was

31、 more or less right on.In the past nearly two decades since TIME first put global warming on the cover, then, the argument against it has gone from “it isnt happening” to “its happening, but its natural”, to “its mostly natural”and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away. Ind

32、eed, Rep. Sherwood Boehlert, the New York Republican who chairs the House Science Committee and who asked for the report declared that it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming sciencea controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive.1. What does this passage mainl

33、y deal with?2. What is “proxy measurement” in Paragraph 1 likely to refer to?3. What does the report from NRC indicate?4. Which of the statement is NOT true concerning the controversy about global warming?5. What is the authors attitude towards global warming theory?问题1选项A.The threat of global warmi

34、ng.B.The measurement of solving global warming.C.The tendency of earths becoming hotter.D.The assessment of earths temperature.问题2选项A.Taking advantage of previous pictures.B.Using clues left from the past.C.Studying the characteristics of glaciers.D.Measuring the growth signs of aquatic organism.问题3

35、选项A.The earth reaches the highest temperature in the history.B.The proxy measurements are reliable.C.The earth will become warmer.D.It is somewhat suspicious of Michael Manns assertion.问题4选项A.Those suspicious of global warming take an inconsistent stance on the issue.B.The argument ends in the defea

36、t of global-warming-doubters.C.The new report from NRC is motivated by the controversy over Michael Manns claim.D.Those who doubt global warming consider that warming is a natural phenomenon.问题5选项A.Favorable.B.Neutral.C.Negative.D.Indifferent.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第

37、一段提出天气预报中说气温打破最高记录，第二段提出地球变暖的观点，第三段讲述NRC得出气温达到近400年来最高，第四段讲大众和科学家对此的争论，全文都在谈论地球气温越来越高，C选项“全球变暖的趋势”正确。A选项“全球变暖的威胁”：文中没有提到。B选项“解决全球变暖的方法”和D选项“地球温度的评估”：只是文章部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】语义推测题。proxy measurement的意思是“替代性考核”。根据第一段第二句but they can tell the average temperature of a given year by such pr

38、oxy measurements as growth marks in corals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice.（但他们可以通过珊瑚的生长标记、海洋和湖泊的沉积物以及冰川核等替代性考核来推测出年平均温度。），可知这里的替代性考核采用的方法是借助地球上随时间推移遗留下来的痕迹，B选项“使用过去留下的线索”正确，A选项“利用记录以前情况的照片”，C选项“研究冰川的特征”和D选项“测量水生生物的生长迹象”只是其中一方面的具体内容，不足以概括总体方法。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案

39、】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第三句Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data.（他们的结论是，一千年的界定有一定道理，但数据支持不够有力。），可知NRC部分同意Michael Mann的观点，同时又有所怀疑，D选项“对迈克尔曼的主张有些怀疑”正确。A选项“地球的温度达到了史上最高”：根据第三段第四句it fully supports the claim that todays temperatures are unnatu

40、rally warm（完全支持如今的温度不正常的观点），可知没有提到地球的温度达到了史上最高。B选项“替代性考核的方法很可靠”和C选项“地球会变暖”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第二句it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming sciencea controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive.（它不支持关于全球变暖科学的争论反对者坚持认为这一争论仍然存在。），可知这份新报告没有偏向任何

41、一方，争论仍然存在，B选项“这场争论以全球变暖怀疑论者落败而告终”不符合文章内容，为正确答案。根据第四段第一句then, the argument against it has gone from “it isnt happening” to “its happening, but its natural”, to “its mostly natural”and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away.（然后，反对它的论点从“它没有发生”到“它正在发生，但这是自然的”，再到“这基本上是自然的”现在看来，这种

42、断言也将不得不放弃。），可知对于全球变暖的这个话题的观点一直在变化，A选项“对全球变暖的不赞同态度前后矛盾”符合文章内容。根据第三段第一句The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist Michael Mann（这份报告是由弗吉尼亚大学的气候学家Michael Mann去年提出的关于过去气候变化的质疑引发的。），可知对Michael Mann观点的质疑促使NRC做这份报告，C选项“对Michael Mann断言的争议让NRC做这份新报告”符合文章内容。根据第

43、二段第二句Thats a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and down of average temperaturesa frequent assertion of the global-warming-doubters crowd.（对于那些声称目前的暖期只是平均气温自然变化的一部分的人来说，这是一个打击全球变暖怀疑论者经常这样断言。），可知不赞同全球变暖的人认为地球平均气温变化是自然的，D选项“那些不赞同全球变暖的人认为变暖是一种自然现象”符合文章内容。因此B选项

44、正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】观点态度题。根据第四段第一句then, the argument against it has gone from “it isnt happening” to “its happening, but its natural,” to “its mostly natural”and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away.（然后，反对它的论点从“它没有发生”到“它正在发生，但这是自然的”，再到“这基本上是自然的”现在看来，这种断言也将不得不放弃。），可知作者不认同地球变暖

45、是自然现象的观点，赞同地球变暖的理论，A选项“赞同”正确；B选项“中立”，C选项“否定”和D选项“漠不关心”错误。因此A选项正确。15. 单选题Nobody likes taxes.Now thats a fairly safe statement to make. I know I dont. One of the reasons I moved back to the US from Canada, is that Americans pay far fewer taxes than Canadians do. In fact, it seems to be part of the Ame

46、rican dream to avoid paying any taxes. We dont want to pay them on the Internet. Many states dont want their citizens to pay state taxes. And a huge federal income tax cut was just pushed through.And no doubt there are still people who think we pay too many taxes. But the people of Braintree, Massac

47、husetts, might be thinking differently. Braintree has a problem. Not once in the past two decades did the town pass resolutions that ignored Proposition 2.5the law that says the town government cannot raise each years tax levy more than 2.5 percent above the previous years charges. Nor did they floa

48、t any bonds to pay for debt. Braintree is also a fairly bustling commercial town. Which mean that resident tax rates were among the lowest in the Boston area.But theres one problem. Braintree is, well, falling apart. Especially its schools. While everybody was patting himself or herself on the back

49、for keeping taxes down, school, roads, bridges and the like were growing older and werent receiving the attention they needed. But even if they did get the attention, not much could be done because there wasnt enough money in the towns kitty to pay for needed repair. But as my mother would say, one

50、can only ignore the elephant in the living room for so long. And now its time to pay up. The school department wants $100 million to fix the schools. Millions more will be needed for road repairs and fixing the towns worsening water and sewer lines.Boy, oh boy, people are going to have SOME kind of

51、tax bill in Braintree this year. And probably for the next few years as well. And dont forget, this situation affects more than just the towns infrastructure. Real estate prices will suffer as well. Who wants to move to a town with falling schools, bad roads, and questionable water?There is a lesson

52、 in all thisnot paying enough tax is just as bad as paying too much tax. There are some people in the US who point out that all tax money should be given back to individuals, not the various branches of government. Its our money, they cry. In one way, agree with them, it is our money. But the fact t

53、hey conveniently forgetor ignoreis that the money the government keeps is “our” money as well. Thats because it pays for OUR schools, OUR roads, OUR military, OUR communities in need of help after events like floods or other disasters.1. In what way might people of Braintree think different about pa

54、ying taxes?2. What makes the author come to the conclusion that people in Braintree pay the lowest tax rates in the Boston area is the fact that _.3. What is the alleged problem that faces Braintree at present?4. When the author quotes from his mother that “one can only ignore the elephant in the li

55、ving room for so long” (the fourth paragraph), he means that _.5. With regard to paying taxes, the author is actually saying that _.问题1选项A.They think the governments tax cut plan is impracticable.B.They think they have been paying too many taxes.C.They think the town government misuse the taxes they

56、 have paid.D.They think paying enough taxes is necessary to keeping things going.问题2选项A.the town has never changed its taxation law in the last 20 yearsB.the town has been a fast -developing oneC.the town has never floated bonds to pay its debt in the last 20 yearsD.many more schools, roads and the

57、like have been built recently问题3选项A.No one is willing to pay any taxes.B.Not enough attention is paid to educations.C.The town not have enough money to expand its infrastructure.D.The town does not collect enough taxes to keep itself in good shape.问题4选项A.one has to taste the bitter result if he is b

58、lind to a problemB.keeping everything in good order is too heavy a burden for a small townC.one should never keep an elephant in his living room for longD.small town should not levy too heavy a tax against peoples will问题5选项A.paying enough taxes is the citizens obligationB.he does not like taxes and

59、would avoid them if he couldC.the government should not abuse the taxesD.the government should not levy too heavy a tax【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句And no doubt there are still people who think we pay too many taxes. But the people of Braintree, Massachusetts, migh

60、t be thinking differently.（毫无疑问，仍然有人认为我们纳税太多。但是马萨诸塞州布伦特里人可能想法不同。）和第四段第一、二句But theres one problem. Braintree is, well, falling apart.（但有一个问题。布伦特里正在分崩离析。），可知布伦特里人不认为他们纳税过多，相反因为纳税过少导致问题出现，D选项“他们认为付足够的税是维持生活的必要条件”正确；B选项“他们认为他们已经纳税太多”不符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。A选项“他们认为政府的减税计划行不通”和C选项“他们认为市政府滥用他们缴纳的税款”：文中没有提到政府减税和政府滥

61、用税款，属于无中生有。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段倒数第三句Nor did they float any bonds to pay for debt.（他们也没有发行任何债券来偿还债务。），可知C选项“在过去的20年里，这个城镇从未发行过债券来偿还债务”正确。A选项“在过去的20年里，这个城镇从未改变过税法”：根据第三段第四句Not once in the past two decades did the town pass resolutions that ignored Proposition 2.5（在过去的20年里，该镇从未通过无视2.5号提案的

62、决议），没有提到关于纳税的所有法规都没有通过，只是关于其中一项没有改变，属于曲解原文。B选项“这个城镇发展很快”：根据第三段倒数第二句Braintree is also a fairly bustling commercial town.（布伦特里还是一个相当繁华的商业小镇。），但这不等同于小镇发展速度很快，属于曲解原文。D选项“最近修建了更多的学校、道路和类似的东西”：根据第四段第四句school, roads, bridges and the like were growing older and werent receiving the attention they needed（学校、道路、桥梁等设施的年久失修，并没有得到应有的关注），可知不符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。因此C选项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第四、五句school, roads, bridges and the like were growing older and werent receiving the attention they needed. But even if they did get the attention, not much could be done because there wasnt enough money