2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第73期

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1、2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题在找工作的过程中，面试是一个关键时刻；面试的成功与否，除了面试官如何看你的条件及个人素质外，主要取决于他们如何评价你在面试中总的表现；因此，有必要把它当作一 场演出或比赛来看待，其目的是向面试官表示你是干这项工作的最佳人选；大多数人在面试中采取被动策略，尽全力回答提出的问题；一种更好的方法是控制局面，使面试官有绝对理由相信你能胜任这项工作，让他们没有理由相信你不能胜任它。【答案】The job interview is an important moment in job hunting. In additio

2、n to how the interviewers see your qualifications and personal qualities, much will depend on how they evaluate your interview performance in general. Therefore, it is helpful to consider it a performance or a game whose goal is to show the interviewers that you are the best person for the job. Most

3、 people adopt a passive strategy in an interview, answering whatever questions they are asked to the best of their ability. A better approach is to bring the situation under control and give the interviewers every reason to believe that you can handle the job for which you are being considered and l

4、ittle reason to believe you cant.2. 单选题Government is an institution resulting from mans group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent chaos. In a small,homogeneous,simple society, these social controls can be imposed and enforced by the family or clan. But in a large

5、, heterogeneous complex society,the institution of government takes over this function.For purposes of analysis,social control may be divided into moral control and political control. Moral control derives from the internalized beliefs and values of a society and regulations, each individuals behavi

6、or without the use of outside enforcement. Political control does involve enforcement from the outside since the individual is not always certain that the rule he is following is just and right. He follows it to conform,to avoid punishment, or to receive social rewards.Political control is an outgro

7、wth of moral control,and its effectiveness depends on the willingness of the members of society to accept the governments authority as just and right. A government that is forced to coerce or threaten most of its members into accepting political control not backed with moral control will not survive

8、 long. In addition,a wide discrepancy between moral and political control will result in a condition of general lawlessness. Such a condition has occurred in the United States on several occasions and is now evident among some groups of society according to “The Roots of Lawlessness” by historian He

9、nry Steele Commander.Government, a major social institution, may be viewed as a set of procedures by which a society realizes a good portion of its goals. Government is further unique as an institution because it serves to reinforce the function of other institutions. Thus,individuals violating the

10、rules and regulation of the economic,educational,or family institutions must ultimately face the punitive power of government.1.A condition characterized by the absence of social organization and social control, and by the belief that political authority is unnecessary is（ ）.2.The internalized form

11、of social control is（ ）.3.Legitimate power rightfully exercised is called（ ）.4.Which statement is NOT correct?问题1选项A.moral controlB.political powerC.anarchyD.authority问题2选项A.commitmentB.powerC.authorityD.government问题3选项A.authorityB.charismaC.legitimacyD.morality问题4选项A.Political control must occasion

12、ally be controlled by an outside force.B.Political control can exist without moral control in a society.C.Political control reinforce moral control.D.Political control emanates from within.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.根据第一段第一句“Government is an institution resulting from mans group way of life which

13、 maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent chaos.”政府是人类群体生活方式所产生的机构, 它维持着一系列的社会控制以防止混乱。反过来说, 缺乏社会组织和社会控制, 认为政治权威是不必要的, 是无政府的状态。所以选项C正确。2.根据第一段的第一句可知, 社会控制的内在化形式是政府。选项D正确。3.根据第三段第一句“Political control is an outgrowth of moral control,and its effectiveness depends on the willingness of the

14、 members of society to accept the governments authority as just and right.”政治控制是道德控制的产物, 它的有效性取决于社会成员是否愿意把政府的权威看作是正当的和正义的东西。所以正当行使合法权力被称为权威。选项A正确。4.根据第三段第二句“A government that is forced to coerce or threaten most of its members into accepting political control not backed with moral control will not s

15、urvive long.”被迫威逼大多数成员接受没有道德控制支持的政治控制的政府不会长久。也就是说, 政治控制不能在没有道德控制的社会中存在。选项B与之刚好相反, 所以不正确。3. 写作题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on What Made Li Na Such a Great Tennis Player? The essay should be based on the outline below:1.Some people maintain that Lis succe

16、ss has entirely relied on her own hard work;2.Others hold the view that the state-run sports system has laid a solid foundation for her to fly alone;3.Your opinions.【答案】What Made Li Na Such a Great Tennis Player?As is known to all,Li Na is the most incredible tennis player in China. Up to now, she h

17、as got four single titles and two double titles of WTA, and whats more, she is the first Chinese player who has got the single title during the WTA tour. Besides, she is the first top-ten player in China who has got No. 7 so far.When it comes to Li Nas athletic achievements, people can not help aski

18、ng such a question:What Made Li Na Such a Great Tennis Player?According to a recent investigation conducted by a sporting organization in China,43. 6 percent of respondents hold the view that Li Na, s success relies completely on her own hard work. When she was only six years old, she began to pract

19、ise playing tennis. Due to her arduous training on the sports ground, she became a professional player. As she was not used to the training style in the state-run sports system, she broke away from the state-run sports system and began to fly alone.However,56. 4 percent of respondents argue that the

20、 state-run sports system has laid a solid foundation for her to fly alone. Her fellow players had their strict training with her and became her rivals. If it had not been for Li Nas past experience in the state-run sports system, she could not have been a successful player and she could not have flo

21、wn alone later on.In my opinion, Li Nas hard work and her flying alone are the two indispensable elements of her success. Both elements are complementary. Its hard to imagine her flying alone without hard work within the state-run sports system or her hard work within this system without flying alon

22、e.4. 单选题The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as a(an)（1） for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way,it （2） a variety of functions in human life

23、.The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the（3） of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest.（4） by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly（5 ） themselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned abo

24、ut the （6） of violence in the media and its（7） harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period,new media（8） ,such as video games,cable television,music videos,and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, these media, （9） television,（10 ） public concern and res

25、earch attention.Another large societal concern on our younger generation （11） by the media, is the body image. （12） forces can influence body image positively or negatively. （13） one, societal and cultural norms and mass media marketing （14 ） our concept of beauty. In the mass media,the images of （1

26、5） beauty fill magazines and newspapers, （16） from our televisions and entertain us（17） the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media （18） on accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a （19） defined standard of attractiveness,a(n) （20） th

27、at carries unrealistic physical expectations.问题1选项A.representativeB.substituteC.preferenceD.alternative问题2选项A.fulfillsB.sufficesC.accomplishesD.provides问题3选项A.heightB.expenseC.mercyD.risk问题4选项A.AttractedB.AbsorbedC.AddictedD.Aroused问题5选项A.unifyB.equateC.identifyD.recognize问题6选项A.prevalenceB.recurren

28、ceC.abundanceD.incidence问题7选项A.hiddenB.disposedC.potentialD.implicit问题8选项A.immergedB.mergedC.submergedD.emerged问题9选项A.much asB.apart fromC.along withD.but for问题10选项A.propelB.prosperC.promoteD.prompt问题11选项A.contributedB.inspiredC.imposedD.delivered问题12选项A.ExposedB.ExplicitC.ExteriorD.External问题13选项A.

29、AtB.ForC.AsD.In问题14选项A.effectB.shockC.markD.impact问题15选项A.standardizedB.categorizedC.generalizedD.regularized问题16选项A.brimB.beamC.bottomD.boom问题17选项A.onB.atC.overD.with问题18选项A.takeB.resortC.playD.profit问题19选项A.subjectivelyB.narrowlyC.carefullyD.barely问题20选项A.idealB.stereotypeC.criterionD.image【答案】第1题

30、:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C第6题:A第7题:C第8题:D第9题:C第10题:D第11题:C第12题:D第13题:B第14题:D第15题:A第16题:B第17题:B第18题:C第19题:B第20题:A【解析】第1题:（1）根据句意:大众传媒作为一些机构和社会关系的替代品, 影响着年轻人的生活。选项B符合原文语境;representative主语一般是sb.;preference for指偏爱;alternative后面一般接介词to, 所以不选。（2）句意:它（大众传媒）在人们的生活中起到各种各样的作用。suffices为不及物动词, 首先排除;accomplish一般指完成任

31、务或者达到目的, 不与function搭配;provides不符合句意。所以选项A正确。（3）at the height of在鼎盛时期, 在顶点;at the expense of以为代价;at the mercy of受支配;at the risk of冒着的危险。句意:在电视屏幕前度过的时间通常是以牺牲闲暇时间为代价的。选项B符合句意。（4）根据原文可知, 这里指孩子们被电视屏幕里的东西所吸引, 所以选项A符合原文句意。Absorbed一般与in搭配;Addicted一般与to搭配;选项D不符合句意。（5）identify oneself with为固定搭配, 表示“参与, 和打成一片”

32、。选项C正确。（6）句意:美国人对媒体中盛行的暴力感到担忧。the prevalence of指盛行, 选项A符合原文句意。（7）根据下文的“at least forty years”可以推测, 这种危害是潜在的。选项C符合原文语境。（8）immerged浸入;merged合并, 融合;submerged陷入, 潜入;emerged出现。根据原文可知, 这里指新媒体的出现, 所以选项D正确。（9）much as虽然, 尽管;apart from除之外; along with随着;连同.一起;but for要不是。根据句意:这里指新媒体连同电视一起, 引起了公众的担忧和研究的注意。选项C符合句意

33、。（10）根据上一题可知, 填空处指引起, 导致。propel推进, 驱使, 表抽象概念; prosper使繁荣昌盛, 不符合句意;promote促进, 指积极的影响, 不符合原文语境;prompt导致, 激起, 一般指促使某事发生, 符合原文语境, 所以选项D正确。（11）根据上一段的描述可知, 媒体给年轻的一代带来负面影响, 使公众感到担忧, 而本段讲述的是媒体给年轻一代带来的另一个负面影响。既然是负面影响, 当然是强加的。句意:媒体强加给年轻一代的另一方面的社会关注是身体形象。所以选项C符合语境。（12）根据下文的“societal and cultural norms and mass

34、 media marketing”社会文化规范和大众传媒营销等是外部的力量。exposed暴露的, 无遮蔽的;explicit明确的, 清楚的;exterior外部的, 表面的, 仍是事物的一部分;external外来的, 外界的, 指与其他物体分离或没有关系的外部。社会文化规范和大众传媒营销与身体没有关系, 所以选项D符合原文语境。（13）At one一致地;For one举例来说;As one一致的;In one成为一体。下文举例说明外部力量是如何影响身体形象的, 所以选项B符合原文。（14）句意:社会文化规范和大众传媒营销影响着我们的审美观。effect意为影响时做名词, 不符合句子结构

35、;shock后面一般接sb.做宾语;mark不符合句意。所以选项D正确。（15）根据句意:在大众传媒中, 杂志和报纸上都是标准美女的图片。categorized 分类的;generalized 广义的, 普遍的;regularized正规化的;均不符合原文语境。（16）原文指从电视中传送出来, 只有选项B符合原文句意。（17）at the movies指“看电影的时候”。选项B符合原文语境。（18）take on承担, 呈现;resort to依靠, 求助于;play on利用;profit不与on搭配。句意:即使在广告中, 大众媒体也利用人们普遍接受的瘦和健康这样的文化价值观来获取商业利益。

36、选项C符合句意。（19）由上文可知, 吸引力的标准指的是“以瘦为美”, 强调其标准的狭隘性, 所以选项B正确。（20）句意:给年轻人提供了狭隘的审美标准, 它是一个不切实际的心理期望的理想。Ideal强调无法达到的一种标准, 符合原文语境。选项A正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:第6题:第7题:第8题:第9题:第10题:第11题:第12题:第13题:第14题:第15题:第16题:第17题:第18题:第19题:第20题:5. 单选题The engineers have used special methods to（ ） the bridge against danger from high

37、 winds.问题1选项A.suppressB.lubricateC.heaveD.ensure【答案】D【解析】Suppress抑制, 镇压；lubricate润滑；heave举起, 投掷；ensure确保。句意:工程师们使用特殊的方法来确保这座桥不受狂风的危害。选项D符合句意。6. 写作题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on Information Explosion. The essay should be based on the outline below:1.Cur

38、rent situation of information explosion;2.Advantages of information explosion;3.Disadvantages of information explosion;4.Your suggestions.【答案】Information ExplosionIt is known to all that ours is an information era,in which information is available through many channels,such as books, newspapers,maga

39、zines,radio and TV stations and the Internet . The rapid increase in the amount of published information and the effects of this abundance of data are known as information explosion. Too much information has inevitably become a heavy burden to some peoples spiritual life because they do not know wha

40、t information to turn to.There is no doubt that information explosion has its advantages. As mentioned earlier, we can get information through many channels. For example, if we want to collect information concerning a well-known product, we can do so by reading newspapers, magazines, watching TV or

41、surfing the Internet. The greatest advantage of information explosion lies in the convenience it has offered us.However, information explosion has its disadvantages. For instance,newspapers, magazines,radio and TV stations, and the Internet are able to provide us with a sea of information, faced wit

42、h which we have great difficulty in selecting information suitable for us.On the basis of the above analysis, it can be concluded that information explosion is a mixed blessing. As far as we are concerned, we must not be nervous in the face of information explosion. What really counts is to learn to

43、 filter the information we have got. In other words, we must learn to distinguish true information from false information, differentiate useful information from harmful information.7. 单选题Many students find（ ） jobs during their summer holidays.问题1选项A.contemptibleB.temperateC.temporaryD.contemporary【答

44、案】C【解析】contemptible卑劣的，可轻视的；temperate温和的，适度的；temporary暂时的，临时的；contemporary当代的, 同时代的。根据句意可知，这里指临时的工作，选项C符合句意。8. 单选题Most of us would like to feel we have some influence over what happens around us and to us. Citizens speak out to influence policy on use of nuclear power, conserving the environment and

45、 endangered animals, local and state taxes, the appropriate use of funds by organizations of which they are members, proper land use and the nature of education in the public schools, and a host of other issues. Some of these affect the speakers immediate self-interest; others are attempts to make t

46、he social environment conform more closely to their own ideas. To speak on such matters effectively enough to influence the opinions and actions of others is to exercise power.Even in jobs relying on technical specialization, the opportunities and demands for public speaking skills remain more commo

47、n than many college students realize. The engineer finds that if his career is to advance he must be willing to accept management duties that include speaking to groups of employees, or he must serve as a spokesperson for consultant teams presenting results to agencies outside the company. The certi

48、fied public accountant finds an opportunity to teach classes in her area of speculation. The dentist has to give speeches as an officer of his dental association.Sometimes you may have to make a speech as part of your duties in your job or organization. Perhaps more frequently you will have opportun

49、ities where you speak voluntarily, as when you speak out in a meeting. Some of these speaking situations will be of little consequence; you will feel better if you do the speech well, but it will not really make much difference. In other situations, the speech may be significant for the audience. In

50、 these situations, it is comforting to know that you can do at least an adequate job. And you may not be content merely to get through the task adequately. To be able to increase listeners understanding or to persuade them is one of the most civilized ways we as individuals have for affecting our en

51、vironment.Some beginning-speech students are surprised to discover that they can give a public speech at all, much less the skillful and effective ones they will be producing by the end of the course. The primary purposes of a speech course are to expand your understanding of techniques and strategi

52、es in public speaking, and to give you some practice so that you will be more confident and effective in more situations. With skill and confidence you develop a power to benefit yourself and the society around you.1.The text intends to show you（ ）.2.According to the passage, effective speaking abil

53、ity does benefit people a lot except on（ ）.3.You need to speak effectively if （ ）.4.It is implied in the text that（ ）.5.Sometimes you are not content when you finish your speech because you know （ ）.问题1选项A.the importance of speaking before the publicB.the techniques and strategies in public speaking

54、C.the purposes and aims of a speech courseD.the most civilized ways to exert our influences问题2选项A.environmental conservationB.audience awarenessC.technical maintenanceD.career promotion问题3选项A.you are a studentB.you are an engineerC.you want to study wellD.you want to influence others问题4选项A.a good sp

55、eaker may have greater chance in his careerB.making good speeches is part of the duties of an engineerC.speaking at a meeting is often part of ones dutiesD.people often exercise their power by making speeches问题5选项A.your speech makes little difference to the audienceB.the audiences better understandi

56、ng is more essential to youC.making good speeches is part of the duties of an engineerD.the speech-making occasion is not important in the least【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.结合文章内容可知，本文主要讲的是在公众面前讲话的重要性，选项B，C，D是文中提到的细节，不是本文主旨，所以选项A正确。2.根据第二段第一句“Even in jobs relying on . college students real

57、ize.”即使是在依靠专业技能的工作中，对公众演讲技能的机会和需求也比许多大学生意识到的更为普遍。由此可以推断，公众演讲对技能要求高，很难保持。选项C符合原文。3.根据第一段最后一句“To speak on such matters effectively enough to influence the opinions and actions of others is to exercise power.”在这样的问题上有效地发言，足以影响他人的意见和行动，就是在行使权力。也就是说， 如果你想影响别人，你的讲话一定要有效。选项D正确。4.根据第二段的第二句“The engineer find

58、s that if his career is to advance he must be willing to accept management duties that include speaking to groups of employees.”工程师发现, 如果他的职业生涯想要发展，他必须愿意承担管理职责，包括向员工群体发表演讲.由此可以推断，一个好的演讲者在他的职业生涯中可能有更大的机遇。选项A符合原文。5.根据第三段最后两句可知，你可能不仅仅只是满足于完成（演讲）任务，能够增加听众的理解或说服他们是我们作为个体影响环境的最文明的方式之一。所有选项B符合原文。第2题:第3题:第4

59、题:第5题:9. 单选题Education is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states “invest” in instituti

60、ons of learning to get back “interest” in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooksthose purchasable wells of wisdomwhat would civilization be like without its

61、benefits?So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on “facts and figures” and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get alo

62、ng with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college” imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the “equal start” which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation