2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷25（附答案带详解）

《2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷25（附答案带详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷25（附答案带详解）（50页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed（1）over the centuries. During the 1950s and 1960s especially, increased attention has been devoted to（2）the reading proces

2、s.（3）specialists agree that reading（4）a complex organization of higher mental（5）, they disagree（6）the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds,（7）reading as simply the decoding of symbols into the sounds they stand（8）.These

3、authorities（9）that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is inexplicably related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without（10）their meaning is not truly reading.For many people today, reading is no

4、 longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazine: a never-ending flood of words. In（11）a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend（12）can mean the difference between suc

5、cess and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are（13）readers. Most of us develop poor reading（14）at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency（15）in the actual stuff of language itselfwords. Taken individually, words have（16）meaning until they are strung to gather int

6、o phrases, sentences and paragraphs.（17）, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to（18）words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over（19）you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit

7、which（20）down the speed of reading is vocalization sounding each word either orally or mentally as（21）reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an（22）, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate（2

8、3）the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast,（24）word-by-word reading, regression and sub vocalization, practically impossible. At first（25）is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read fast

9、er,（26）your comprehension will improve. Many people have found （27）reading skill drastically improved after some training.（28）Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute（29）the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is de

10、lighted that how he can（30）a lot more reading material in a short period of time.问题1选项A.substantivelyB.substantiallyC.substitutivelyD.subjectively问题2选项A.define and describeB.definition and descriptionC.defining and describingD.have defined and described问题3选项A.AlthoughB.IfC.UnlessD.Until问题4选项A.involv

11、esB.involves toC.is involvedD.involves of问题5选项A.opinionsB.effectsC.mannersD.functions问题6选项A.ofB.aboutC.forD.into问题7选项A.viewB.lookC.reassureD.agree问题8选项A.byB.toC.offD.for问题9选项A.contentB.contendC.contemptD.contact问题10选项A.interpretingB.sayingC.explainingD.reading问题11选项A.applyingB.actingC.offeringD.gett

12、ing问题12选项A.quicklyB.easilyC.roughlyD.decidedly问题13选项A.goodB.curiousC.poorD.urgent问题14选项A.trainingB.habitsC.situationsD.custom问题15选项A.liesB.combinesC.touchesD.involves问题16选项A.someB.a lotC.littleD.dull问题17选项A.FortunatelyB.BesidesC.LogicallyD.Unfortunately问题18选项A.reuseB.rereadC.rewriteD.recite问题19选项A.w

13、hatB.whichC.thatD.if问题20选项A.scalesB.cutsC.slowsD.measures问题21选项A.some oneB.oneC.heD.reader问题22选项A.acceleratorB.actorC.amplifierD.observer问题23选项A.thenB.asC.beyondD.than问题24选项A.enablingB.leadingC.makingD.indicating问题25选项A.meaningB.comprehensionC.gistD.regression问题26选项A.butB.norC.orD.for问题27选项A.ourB.yo

14、urC.theirD.such问题28选项A.Look atB.TakeC.MakeD.Consider问题29选项A.forB.inC.afterD.before问题30选项A.masterB.go overC.presentD.get through【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D第6题:B第7题:A第8题:D第9题:B第10题:A第11题:D第12题:A第13题:C第14题:B第15题:A第16题:C第17题:D第18题:B第19题:A第20题:C第21题:B第22题:A第23题:D第24题:C第25题:B第26题:A第27题:C第28题:B第29题:D第30题

15、:D【解析】1. 【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项substantively“实质上”；B选项substantially“充分地；非常地；总体上”；C选项substitutively“可替代地”；D选项subjectively“主观地”。句意：经过几个世纪，阅读的概念已经改变了。因此B项符合句意。2. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配。Be devoted to sth./doing sth.是固定搭配，而且空格后面有宾语the reading process，所以空格处应该接doing sth.，故选C。3. 【试题解析】逻辑分析。由两句的谓语agree和disagree可知，两句为对比关系，故选A

16、项。4. 【试题解析】语法题。考查时态语态。句意：专家们一致认为阅读涉及到一个复杂的高级智力活动。此处缺少一个谓语动词，故选A。5. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项opinions“意见；评价”；B选项effects“影响；效果”；C选项manners“礼貌”；D选项functions“功能”。mental function意为“智力活动”，符合句意。6. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配。disagree about/on对有不同意见。7. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配。Viewas表示“把看作”。8. 【试题解析】考查短语辨析。D选项stand for“代表”；A选项stand by“支持”；B选项

17、stand to“遵守”；C选项stand off“疏远”。句意：一些专家认为语言主要是一种使用符号来表示声音的代码，他们认为阅读只是将符号解码成它们所代表的声音。因此D符合句意。9. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项content“满足”；B选项contend“争论，主张”；C选项contempt“轻视，蔑视”；D选项contact“使接触，联系”。B项符合句意。10. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的动名词形式。A选项interpret“解释；领会”；B选项say“讲；说明”；C选项explain“说明；解释”；D选项read“阅读；读懂”。句意：一个孩子能读出声而不所读的含义

18、，不能叫作真正的阅读。A项符合句意。11. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的动名词形式。A选项apply“申请，请求”；B选项act“行动；表现”；C选项offer“提供；出价”；D选项get“使得；获得”。空格处所填动名词的宾语是a job，并且与advancing in one并列，因此D项符合句意。12. 【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项quickly“迅速地；很快地”；B选项easily“容易地；无疑地”；C选项roughly“粗糙地；概略地”；D选项decidedly“果断地；断然地”。句意：在获得一份工作或在工作中发展，阅读和理解的能力意味着成功和失败的区别。前文讲到工

19、作中阅读的内容很多，由此推测这里讲快速的阅读和理解能力很重要。故选A项。13. 【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项good“好的；优良的”；B选项curious“好奇的，有求知欲的”；C选项poor“贫穷的；可怜的”；D选项urgent“紧急的；急迫的”。句意：然而不幸的是，我们大多数人都是的读者。此句用了转折词yet，因此C项符合句意。14. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项training“训练；培养”；B选项habits“习惯”；C选项situations“状况；情境”；D选项custom“习惯，惯例”。句意：我们大多数人在早年养成了坏的阅读，并没能克服。空格处为“develop养成”和

20、“get over克服”的宾语，同时可使用复现原则。后文中提到了bad habit和 another habit，故选B。15. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的三单形式。A选项lie“说谎；位于”；B选项combine“联合，结合”；C选项touch“接触；轻按”；D选项involve“包含；牵涉”。句意：主要的困难在于语言的自身要素。Lie in表示“在于”，符合句意。16. 【试题解析】语义题。此处句意为：如果单个地看这些字，它们并没有什么意义。故选C项“少许；没有多少”。17. 【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项Fortunately“幸运地”；B选项Besides“事实上”

21、；C选项Logically“合乎逻辑地”；D选项Unfortunately“不幸地”。句意：然而未受过阅读训练的人不会读。因此D项符合句意。18. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项reuse“再使用”；B选项reread“重读”；C选项rewrite“改写”；D选项recite“背诵”。句意：他费力地一次读一个词，常常回头因此B项符合句意。19. 【试题解析】语法题。空格同时是look back over跟you have just read的宾语，四个选项中，只有what能充当双重宾语。20. 【试题解析】考查短语辨析。空格处所填词应与down构成搭配。D项不能与其搭配故排除。句意：另一个减

22、慢阅读速度的习惯是发声。scales down“按比例减少”；cuts down“削减”，slow down “放慢”，因此C项正确。21. 【试题解析】语法题。此处应选择B项“one （泛指人们，我们，你）”，代替前文的you。无A项这个用法。如用D项，则应加定冠词the。C项不符合逻辑。因此本题选B。22. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项accelerator“加速装置”；B选项actor“男演员；行动者”；C选项amplifier“放大器，扩大器”；D选项observer“观察者”。句意：为了克服这些坏习惯，一些阅读研习班使用了一种叫作加速器的装置。因此A符合句意。23. 【试题解析】

23、语法题。考查比较级。这里用了faster than表示“比快”， 故选D项。24. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。A选项enable“使得”；B选项lead“领导；致使”；C选项make“使得；进行”；D选项indicate“指出，表明”。句意：加速器迫使读者快速阅读，使逐字阅读、重读和默读几乎不可能。虽然A项也表示“使得”，但其侧重于“使能够”。故选C。25. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项meaning“意义；含义”；B选项comprehension“理解；包含”；C选项gist“主旨，要点”；D选项regression“回顾”。句意：速读最初会影响理解。故B

24、符合句意。26. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：但是当你学会阅读思想和概念时，你不仅会读得更快，而且你的理解力也会提高。此处应选A与前面的not only构成固定搭配，表示“不仅而且”，故选A。27. 【试题解析】语法题。此处句意为：许多人发现他们的阅读技巧在经过一些训练后有了很大的提高。空格应选用物主代词their，因为主语是第三人称复数。28. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配。Take for instance 以为例。29. 【试题解析】语义题。句意：在训练前，他的阅读速度相当不错，能阅读172个字/分钟。这里是对受训之前与受训之后进行比较。30. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项maste

25、r“掌握”；B选项go over“复习”；C选项present“呈现，展现”；D选项get through“读完；完成”。句意：他很高兴他能在短时间内读完更多的阅读材料。因此D正确。2. 单选题When the doctor does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people（ ）and asks them a lot of questions.问题1选项A.at randomB.at lengthC.in essenceD.in bulk【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项at random“胡乱地；随便地；随

26、意地”；B选项at length“最后，终于；详细地”；C选项in essence“本质上；其实；大体上”；D选项in bulk“散装；大量”。句意：当医生对人类的大脑做一个综合性实验时，他随意挑选人且问他们很多问题。结合句意，A选项正确。3. 单选题The street performer was so bad we had to（ ）him, but did we have to throw the rotten tomatoes at his head?问题1选项A.jeerB.dissolveC.adjournD.guarantee【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项jeer“嘲

27、笑；戏弄”；B选项dissolve“使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C选项adjourn“推迟；使中止”；D选项guarantee“保证；担保”。句意：街头艺人的表演是如此糟糕，所以我们不得不嘲笑他，但是我们不得不向他的头扔腐烂的西红柿吗？结合句意，A选项正确。4. 单选题On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active” euthanasia: intentionally administering a lethal drug to a terminally ill patient who has ask

28、ed to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can affect an ultimate cure. “Active” euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books punishable by 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past

29、 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who carries it out will not be prosecuted.Euthanasia, often called “mercy killing”, is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. But more and more doctors and nurses in Britain, Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily admit to practicing it, most oft

30、en in the “passive” form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice see themselves up-holding sacred principles

31、 of respect for life, while those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years on the defensive, the advocates now seem to be gaining ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British subjects favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of respondent

32、s to a poll taken late last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings.Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find. Europeans, like Americans, are now living longer. The average European male now lives to the age of 72, woman t

33、o almost 8A.s Derek Humphrey, a leading British advocate of “rational euthanasia”, says, “lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illness as the primary cause of death.”And so the euthanasists have begun to press their case with greater force. They argue that every human being should have

34、the right to “die with dignity”, by which they usually mean the right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization. Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia have argued that the right to die should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably ill, but the movement also includes

35、a small minority who believe in euthanasia for anyone who rationally decides to take his own life.That right is unlikely to get legal recognition any time in the near future. Even in the Netherlands, the proposals now before Parliament would restrict euthanasia to a small number of cases and would s

36、urround even those with elaborate safeguards.1.According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true?2.Euthanasia is, often called “mercy killing”, which implies that（ ）.3. “Boiled over” (Line 4, Para. 2) means （ ）.4.Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia hold that （ ）.5.The authors attitude

37、towards euthanasia is （ ）.问题1选项A.“Active” euthanasia is regarded as a crime by Dutch law.B.The doctor who carries out euthanasia will be charged.C.An unqualified doctor carrying out euthanasia will be accused.D.“Active” euthanasia executives will be sentenced to 12 years imprisonment.问题2选项A.people s

38、hould show sympathy for a terminally ill patientB.some doctors murder patients shielding themselves from mercyC.humane treatment to dying patients should be requiredD.the dying patients are suffering from the pain and they dont want to live on问题3选项A.burst (into)B.make the water hot enough to boilC.c

39、ause great angerD.fight one another问题4选项A.only terminally ill patients can have euthanasiaB.if anyone who rationally decides to end his life, he can have euthanasiaC.people should respect lifeD.no matter what punishment they get, they will carry out euthanasia to patients问题5选项A.positiveB.negativeC.o

40、bjectiveD.uncertain【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。A选项“主动的安乐死被荷兰法律认为是一种犯罪”和D选项“主动安乐死的执行者将被判12年的监禁”可以定位到文章首段中 “ Active euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books punishable by 12 years in prison.”中文翻译为：主动的安乐死在荷兰的法典上仍然是一种需判刑12年的监禁。C选项“实行安乐死的不合格医生将会被控告”可以定位到文章首段“But a series o

41、f court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who carries it out will not be prosecuted.”中文翻译为：但是过去15年的一系列法庭案件却明确表示，实行安乐死的称职医生将不被指控。同时可知B选项“实行安乐死的医生将会被起诉”与文章不符合，故选B。2.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“mercy killing”可以定位到原文第二段“while those in favor raise the banner of humane treat

42、ment.”中文翻译为：而那些安乐死的支持者却高举人道对待的旗帜。可知C项正确，译为“垂死的病人应该需要人道的对待”。3.【试题解析】词汇题。A：爆发（成）；B：让水热得足以沸腾；C：造成巨大的愤怒；D：相互打架。题干关键词“boil over”意为：爆发。因此A选项正确。4.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词most advocates of voluntary euthanasia可以定位到原文倒数第二段中“Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia have argued that the right to die should be accorded

43、 only to the terminally and incurably ill”，中文翻译为：大多数自愿安乐死的支持者认为，去死的权利应该只给予晚期绝症病人，可以得知A选项“只有晚期绝症病人可以安乐死”正确。5.【试题解析】观点态度题。A: positive“积极的”；B: negative“消极的”；C: objective“客观的”；D: uncertain“不确定的”。全文作者都是用客观的态度来描述安乐死这个话题，因此可以推测出C选项正确。5. 单选题The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) i

44、n the United States has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid 1920s.We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting Americas bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have to

45、o many of the wrong sort of newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became e

46、xemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment,

47、 than their parents. UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants. Telles fears that Mexican-Americ

48、ans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks that large parts of the community may become mired in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout

49、 rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring

50、people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, dont forever remain marginal

51、ized within these shores.That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to se

52、t the admissions bar for the latest wave of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.1.How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?2.What does the author think of the new immigrants?3.What does Edward Telles research say about Mexican-Americans?4.What

53、 should be done to help the new immigrants?5.According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is （ ）.问题1选项A.They were of inferior races.B.They were a source of political corruption.C.They were a threat to the nations security.D.They were part of the nations bloodstream.问题2选项A.They w

54、ill be a dynamic work force in the U.S.B.They can do just as well as their predecessors.C.They will be very disappointed on the new land.D.They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.问题3选项A.They may slowly improve from generation to generation.B.They will do better in terms of educational attai

55、nment.C.They will melt into the African-American community.D.They may forever remain poor and underachieving.问题4选项A.Rid them of their inferiority complex.B.Urge them to adopt American customs.C.Prevent them from being marginalized.D.Teach them standard American English.问题5选项A.How to deal with people

56、 entering the U.S. without documentsB.How to help immigrants to better fit into American societyC.How to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the borderD.How to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键字U.S. Congress可以定位到原文第二段“We are not ab

57、out to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting Americas bloodstream.”，中文翻译为：我们不会回到美国国会公开担心低等种族会玷污美国人的血统的时期。因此答案为A选项：他们是低等的民族。2.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词new immigrants可以定位到文章第三段中 “There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.”，中文翻译为：这些新

58、移民没有理由不应该有着同样的成功。知B项“他们可以如自己的前辈那样做的一样好”符合题意。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词Mexican-Americans可以定位到文章第四段“Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks that large parts of the community may become mired in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement

59、.”，中文翻译为：泰勒担心，墨西哥裔美国人可能注定跟随美国黑人的步伐，即社区中的那个较大的部分可能变得陷入一个似乎永久的贫困和低成就的状态中。因此，D选项“他们可能永远是贫穷且成就低的”最符合题意。4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干关键词new immigrants定位到原文倒数第二段“we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, dont forever remain marginalized within the

60、se shores.”，中文翻译为：我们也应该就同化、如何确保曾经的外来者在这些地区不会永远的处于被边缘化而提出一些更加广泛的问题。故C最符合题意。5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位倒数第二段“But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all.”，中文翻译为：但是，我们也还没有学到如何让美国化进程适应所有人。以及原文最后一段“That is a much larger question.”，中文翻译为：那是一个大的问题可以得知B项“如何帮助移民更好地融

61、入美国社会”最为符合。6. 单选题Knowing that he was promoted, Jason could hardly be（ ）on the phone.问题1选项A.adherentB.adhesiveC.coherentD.inherent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项adherent“附着的；黏着的”；B选项adhesive“黏着的；带黏性的”；C选项coherent“连贯的；清晰的；条理清楚的”；D选项inherent“固有的；内在的；与生俱来的，遗传的”。句意：在得知自己升职后，杰森在电话里几乎不能条理清楚地讲话。根据句意，C选项正确。7. 单选题The renowned psychologist volunteered to take part in a small（ ）to photograph wild animals in the rain forest.问题1选项A.expenditureB.expertiseC.expositionD.expedition【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项expenditure“支出；经费”；B选项expertise“专门知识；专家的意见”；C选项exposition“博览会；阐述；展览会”；D选项expe