2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷34（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题A recurring criticism of the UKs university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stern cell rese

2、arch unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured. We should take this concern seriously as universities are keys in the national innovation system.However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comp

3、arative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past d

4、ecade have helped transform the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UKs position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national date, asks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a larg

5、e number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and mirrored across other economic. In the UK, research is concentrate; less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the res

6、earch funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration have also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led

7、 and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating

8、 the widest range of social economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spil

9、ling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of

10、 our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.1.What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?2.What does the author say about the national data on UK universities performance in commercialization?

11、3.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions” refers to （ ）.4.What does the author suggest research-led universities do?5.How can the university sector play a key role in the UKs economic growth?问题1选项A.They fail to convert knowledge into money.B.They do not regard it as their responsib

12、ility.C.They still have a place among the world leaders.D.They have lost their leading position in many ways.问题2选项A.It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.B.It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.C.It does not reflect the differences among universities.D.It indicates their

13、ineffective use of government resources.问题3选项A.government aid to non-research-oriented universitiesB.compulsory cooperation between universities and industriesC.fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutionsD.concentration of resources in a limited number of universities问题4选

14、项A.Publicize their research to win international recognition.B.Fully utilize their research to benefit all sectors of society.C.Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.D.Spread their influence among top research institutions.问题5选项A.By establishing more regional technology transfe

15、r offices.B.By asking the government to invest in technology transfer researchC.By promoting technology transfer and graduate school education.D.By increasing the efficiency of technology transfer agencies.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“from a relatively weak starting position, th

16、e UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.”，可知英国从一个相对较弱的起点，现在在许多商业化活动的指标上处于领先地位。可判断出在作者看来英国大学的商业化在世界上仍然在世界上有一席之地，处于领先地位。因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第四段，“Evidence suggests the UKs position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national date, as

17、ks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities.”，可知有证据表明，英国大学的地位比过去要稳定得多，而且仍在改善。但全国数据并没有反映出各所大学存在的巨大差异。因此选项C符合题意。3.词义理解题。根据文章第四段第一句，“the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities.”，可知过去10年的政策干预改变了英国大学，然后在下文提及了各个大学存在巨大的

18、差异。第五段主要对这种分配不平均的现象进行了进一步阐述，这种现象不仅发生在英国，也存在于其他国家。又根据文章第五段，“The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration have also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active.”，可知政策主导的长期资源集中化也造就了一批独特的大学，它们以研究为主导，并且商业化。可判断出policy interventions就是指资源集中的

19、政策。因此现象D符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第六段，“The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social economic and environmental benefits.”，可知以研究为主导的大学的核心目标必须是最大限度地发挥其研究的影响。这些大学应该为社会、经济和环境

20、各方面带来效益。可判断出这些研究型大学应该充分利用他们的研究成果造福于社会。因此选项B符合题意。5.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段，“If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK

21、for the next growth cycle.”，可知如果各区域内的技术转移部门更有效的协调，同时加大研究生规模和功能的投资，大学应该能在英国下一轮经济增长中发挥关键作用。可判断出作者认为英国的大学可以通过促进技术转移和投资研究生院教育在经济增长中发挥作用。因此选项C符合题意。2. 单选题We prefer that the plan （ ）before being put into execution.问题1选项A.be fully discussedB.must be fully discussedC.will be fully discussedD.is fully discuss

22、ed【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。prefer后面接that引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词用should+动词原形，其中should可省略。所以选项A为省略了should的正确答案。3. 单选题Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply（ ）.问题1选项A.descendedB.slippedC.lessenedD.declined【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。descend “下降，下倾（数量）”；slip “使滑动”；lessen “使变小，使减轻”；decline “下降，拒绝”。句意：去年，芝加哥的犯罪率急剧下降。因此选项D符合题意

23、。4. 单选题The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds （ ）his arguments in favor of the new theory.问题1选项A.to be based onB.to base onC.which to base onD.on which to base【答案】D【解析】语法（定语从句）题。分析题目可知，空白处填入的词语是引导定语从句，修饰先行词grounds,所以排除A选项和B选项。因为连接词which在从句中作介词宾语，所以前面需要一个介词，D选项正确。5. 单选题The role of the par

24、ty system in American politics has always been （ ）.问题1选项A.a unity instead of dividingB.unifying instead of a divisionC.not to divide but to uniteD.not dividing but a union【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。根据固定句型 notbut “不是而是.”，可排除A和B选项。且前后结构需要保持一致，句意：政党制度在美国政治中所起的作用一直是团结而不是分裂。因此选项C符合题意。6. 翻译题If and when such a league b

25、ecomes reality in China, it will no doubt be one of the hottest advertising platforms in sports. But advertisers arent waiting for all the logistics to get worked outthey want to cash in on Chinas hot fans now.Houston has been reaping the benefits of Yaos marketing pull for several years now, but Mi

26、lwaukee is just starting to get a taste of what Yi Jianlian has to offer. Chinese companies like Peak have already thrown advertising dollars the Bucks way. Now the Bucks are starting to see the cash flow the other direction as American companies begin using them to advertise across the ocean.This w

27、eek the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel（密尔瓦基新闻卫报）reported that Milwaukee- based Rockwell Automation Inc. has begun advertising courtside（球场边缘区）during Bucks gamesin Chinese. “Were doing this solely to target our Chinese customers,” Rockwell spokesman John Bemaden told the paper. Rockwells ad, which rolls

28、across the scorers table during each game for maybe a minute of cumulative exposure, cost Rockwell six figures to place. But with an estimated 150 million potential customers watching each Bucks game in China, the price seems more than worth it.The papers report says the Bucks are seeking out more C

29、hinese-language advertisers. As the NBA gains steam in China, finding them should not be difficult.【答案】如果这一联盟在中国变为现实，那它无疑将成为体育界最热门的广告平台之一。但是广告商不会等待所有筹划准备工作完成，他们现在就想在中国狂热的篮球迷身上大赚一笔。几年来，休斯敦依靠姚明的市场吸引力获利丰厚，但密尔沃基才刚刚尝到易建联带来的利润甜头。像匹克这样的中国公司已经开始将大笔的广告费投入到雄鹿队身上。现在雄鹿也开始看到美国的公司反过来利用它们在海外做广告。本周，密尔瓦基新闻卫报报道说总部位于密

30、尔瓦基的罗克韦尔自动化有限公司已经开始在雄鹿队比赛期间用中文在场边做广告。罗克韦尔的发言人约翰.博纳登告诉密尔瓦基新闻卫报说：“我们的广告就是针对中国客户的。”罗克韦尔公司的广告在每场比赛的记分牌旁滚动播出，大约累计一分钟就会花掉该公司六位数的费用。但据估计，有一亿五千万的中国潜在消费者观看雄鹿的比赛，这点广告费简直是物超所值。该报还指出雄鹿正在寻找更多的中文的广告商。随着NBA在中国的崛起，想找到这样的人肯定不难。7. 单选题To save money for my education, mother often took on more work than（ ）for her.问题1选项A

31、.it was goodB.what was goodC.was goodD.being good【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句, than后面接名词或者名词性从句, 只有B项符合。8. 单选题Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical compositiona finding that could help rid some proc

32、essed foods of chemical preservatives.Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsionstiny globules （小球体）of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in whats in the globules and whats in

33、 the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “This m

34、eans that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture.” He says.When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients. They also slowly poi

35、son themselves with their waste products. “In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the hotelier growing.” Says Brocklehurst.The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the foods s

36、tructure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.1.The significance of Brocklehursts research is that（ ）.2.Accord

37、ing to the researchers, cream sours faster than butter because bacteria（ ）.3.According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by（ ）.4.The word colonies refers to（ ）.5.Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made resistant to bacterial attack（ ）.问题1选项A.

38、it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservativesB.it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butter.C.it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butter.D.it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition问题2选项A.are more evenly distributed in crea

39、mB.multiply more easily in cream than in butterC.live on less fat in cream than in butterD.produce less waste in cream than in butter问题3选项A.removing its fatB.killing the bacteriaC.reducing its water contentD.altering its structure问题4选项A.tiny globulesB.bacteria communitiesC.watery regionsD.little com

40、partment问题5选项A.by varying its chemical compositionB.by turning it into a solid humpC.while keeping its structure unchangedD.while retaining its liquid form【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.”，可知对于为什么奶油比黄油坏的问题的研究是由Brocklehurst主导的。又根据文章第一段，“a find

41、ing that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.”，可知对这一问题研究的结果和发现，有助于帮助去除一些加工食品中的化学防腐剂。可判断出Brocklehurst的研究的意义在于提供了一种可以不使用防腐剂而使某些食品保持新鲜的方法。因此选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away

42、 in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture.”，可知在奶油中，脂肪球在水中漂浮。在黄油中，水样溶液的小球被锁在脂肪中。而使食物变坏的细菌更喜欢生活在混合物的含水区域。可判断出在奶油中，细菌更容易在这种混合物中生存繁殖，所以奶油会更快变质。因此选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“The researchers are already working with food companies keen to s

43、ee if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the foods structure.”，可知研究人员已经在与食品公司合作，希望能通过改变食物的结构使其具有抵抗细菌攻击的能力。可判断出研究者Brocklehurst表示，我们可以通过改变食物的结构来使奶油保险，抵抗细菌入侵。因此选项D符合题意。4.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartme

44、nts buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients.”，可知当情况发生逆转时，细菌被锁在深埋在脂肪海洋中的隔间里。根据trapped in this way可判断出，此句是对上一句情况的继续描述，所以非谓语动词的逻辑主语仍然不会改变，这里的colonies和上文的bacteria是同一事物，都为主语。可判断出colonies也是指细菌。因此选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Brockl

45、ehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.”，可知Brocklehurst认为将有可能制造出用于沙拉酱中的乳剂，就像用于黄油的乳剂一样。关键是在保持沙拉酱液体的状态，而不是变成固体块。可判断出如果能使沙

46、拉酱在保持液态的状态下能同时抵抗细菌的侵袭，那么这项研究成果将有可能用于商业用途，所以关键在于是要保持液体状态。因此选项D符合题意。9. 单选题W: Would you like me to get you some tea?M: Not now, thanks. Maybe later.Q: What does the man want?问题1选项A.To drink tea in a while.B.To prepare tea himself.C.To get the woman some tea later.D.To drink something else.【答案】A【解析】根据男士

47、的回答“Not now, thanks. Maybe later.现在不用，谢谢。可能一会儿会需要。”可知A选项一会儿再喝正确。10. 单选题W: What seems to be the problem?M: Well, I understand the lectures, but I get mixed up when I try to read the book.Q: What does the man mean?问题1选项A.He doesnt really understand the lectures.B.The book is confusing.C.The lecture is

48、 not very clear.D.The book is too difficult for him.【答案】B【解析】根据男士的话 “讲课的内容我都理解了，但读书的时候发现又混乱了”可知B选项这本书令人困惑。正确。11. 单选题The single business of Henry Thoreau, during forty-odd years of eager activity was to discover an economy calculated to provide a satisfying life. His one concern, which gave to his ra

49、mblings in Concord fields a value of high adventure, was to explore the true meaning of wealth. As he understood the problem of economics, there were three possible solutions open to him: to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator. The first was qu

50、ite impossibleto imprison oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great adventure. To exploit ones fellows seemed to Thoreaus sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity. Freedom with abstinence seemed to him better than serfdom with material well-being, and he was content to mo

51、ve to Walden Pond and to set about the high business of living, to confront only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach. He did not advocate that other men should build cabins and live isolated. He had no wish to dogmatize concerning the best mode of livingeach must settle that

52、for himself. But that a satisfying life should be lived, he was vitally concerned. The story of his emancipation from the lower economics is the one romance of his life, and Walden is his great book. It is a book in praise of life rather than of Nature, a record of calculating economics that studied

53、 saving in order to spend more largely. But it is a book of social criticism as well, in spite of its explicit denial of such a purpose. In considering the true nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin, that the cost of a thing is the amount of life that is required in exchange for it, immediatel

54、y or in the long run. In Walden Thoreau elaborated the text: The only wealth is life.1.Thoreau started an experiment at Walden Pond with the hope of （ ）.2.To Thoreau the best solution to the problem of economics is （ ）.3.Thoreau holds that the crucial thing for people to do is to （ ）.4.In the book W

55、alden all of the following can be found except （ ）.5.Thoreaus attitude toward society can best be characterized as one of （ ）.问题1选项A.learning how to live quietlyB.writing a book on philosophyC.discovering what humans can learn from natureD.working out the best adjustment to material life .问题2选项A.to

56、live a very simple lifeB.to become self-sufficientC.to live in the countryD.to reform the society问题3选项A.have a better understanding of what life meansB.live harmoniously with natureC.to save as much as one possibly canD.to live a life that one is content with问题4选项A.the nature of economyB.the meaning

57、 of freedomC.the criticism of societyD.Ruskins philosophy问题5选项A.acceptanceB.avoidanceC.indifferenceD.individualism【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据关键词“Walden Pond”定位到文中“. he was content to move to Walden Pond and to set about the high business of living, to confront only the essential fact

58、s of life and to see what it had to teach.”他满足于搬到瓦尔登湖，开始生活的崇高事业，直面生活的基本事实，看看生活能教给他什么。也就是去发现人类可以从大自然中学到什么。选项C符合原文。2.事实细节题。根据关键信息“the problem of economics”定位到文中“As he understood the problem of economics, there were three possible solutions open to him: to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to

59、 reduce the problem to its lowest denominator.”随着他对经济学问题的理解，有三种可能的解决方案摆在他面前：利用自己，利用同伴，或者让问题回归到最本质的状态。接下来阐述了前面两种可能都是不可行的；然后解释了“让问题回归到最本质的状态”其实就是过简单快乐的生活，所以选项A正确。3.事实细节题。根据原文“He did not advocate that other men should build cabins and live isolated. He had no wish to dogmatize concerning the best mode

60、of livingeach must settle that for himself. But that a satisfying life should be lived, he was vitally concerned.”他不主张其他人应该建造小木屋，过与世隔绝的生活。他不想武断地认为什么是最好的生活方式每个人都必须自己解决这个问题。但他非常关心的是，我们应该要过一种令人满意的生活。选项D符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据原文最后几句话可知：“But it is a book of social criticism as well,.”涉及选项C；“In considering the tr

61、ue nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin, that.”涉及选项A和D；只有选项B没有涉及，所以本题选B。5.观点态度题。根据原文内容可知，Thoreau满足于搬到瓦尔登湖，过上简单却满足的生活，实际上是想逃离现在的社会，说明他对社会是持逃避的态度，所以选项B正确。选项D含有贬义，所以选项B更恰当。12. 单选题These surveys indicate that many crimes go （ ）by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.问题1选项A.unreco

62、rdedB.to be unrecordedC.unrecordingD.to have been unrecorded【答案】A【解析】固定搭配题。根据句意这些调查表明许多犯罪，主要因为不是所有的受害者都会举报。确定空格处填的意思是否定含义没有被记录， 动词go与否定式的过去分词连用，表示某动作未发生，A选项正确。13. 单选题He was accompanied by his faithful friend and secretary, Mr. William Minns, （ ）.问题1选项A.without whom he never travelledB.without who he

63、 never travelledC.without him he never travelledD.he never travelled without him【答案】A【解析】语法题。根据句子结构和选项，可知空格中填入非限制性定语从句，可由介词without+关系代词引导，who和him不能用作关系代词引导定语从句，选项B和C可排除。句意：他忠实的朋友兼秘书威廉明斯先生，没有他经常陪同着他，每次旅游都会和他一起。因此选项A符合题意。14. 单选题We need to be more（ ） to the needs of the young students.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.sensationalC.sensoryD.sensible【答