《英语词汇》论文

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1、皖 西 学 院WestAnhuiUniversity论文题目：Study of the sex discrimination in English and Chinese languages phenomenon课程名称：EnglishLexicology 授课教师：Gao Ruikuo 班级_英语11032011010216 _王舒Abstract:Gender differences, and gender traditional impression is given by the social culture, cultivation. Mass munication of its e

2、ssence is a kind of social culture and value of transmission. In most by the male domination of eastern and western society, in English and Chinese languages to reflect social discrimination against female language abound, thus the language of gender differences and gender discrimination is always t

3、he focus of social linguistics, what problem. This article from theaffix reflected on sexual discrimination, interpersonal appellationand female character archetypes these three aspects discusses the language of sex discrimination phenomenon.Key words: gender discrimination ,gender differences ,cult

4、ure contrast ,social cultureIntroduction:A. Affix reflected on sexual discrimination1.With - essat the end of the vocabulary. It is generally believed that - ess suffix expressed a negative connotation. In most cases, - ess suffix are added in some men word after or some does not indicate that gende

5、r words. In English, some words are considered marries male, such as baron and prince etc. Through these affix can see, they see the male expressions for ontology, the female expressions as variant or a subsidiary of bias. This kind of male noun/neutral nouns + - ess constituted vocabulary on the se

6、mantics and can be divided into two kinds: one kind is - ess ending said their social status and status of vocabulary. For example: dicatatress , , deaconess deaconesses duchess , the duke, empress , heiress , hostess , millionairess , negress , patroness , peeress asylum , princess , citizeness etc

7、. The second is - ess ending said female career vocabulary. For example: songstress , poetess , actress , airhostess , editress , governess , manageress , proprietress , aviatress , stewardess , waitress , conductress , philosopheress mand , etc. From these women of word-formation, which can be seen

8、 as negative nouns are positive noun PaShengCi and exist. Due to - ess end says womens identity, and the social function of career of words is quite obvious, now have been influenced by feminists powerful boycott.2. With- man at the end of the vocabulary. Language directly reflects social life, espe

9、cially language vocabulary for changes of social life and develop the most sensitive. In English, many unisex noun but with - man as suffixes, perhaps reflecting the old man as the center of social life, thats gender discrimination performance. For example: chairman , mailman , fireman , policeman ,

10、 know , Congressman , patrolman , sportsman , fisherman , garbageman , foreman , craftsman etc. In addition, many said persons identity and professional vocabulary itself was not attribute, but the custom refers to man, emphasize with identity or in a profession are women, will need in the word fron

11、t plus, but female or. Such as minister , doctor , female e , the female , female / under , female / lawyer , madamchairman . Language is an important aspect of sex discrimination performance in all with male, to regulate, everything with men for the standard, the male as main body, while women are

12、only as a subsidiary or exception. Tracing rise, cause, many long-standing history and mythology legends, men as species of fan appear, and women are only men variation. In the bible clearly stated man created the world, while women are god from man take down ribs bee. From the etymology speaking, b

13、ut from Old English wifman, namely, but also human face + man being part of a originally have little derogatory sense, but in men as the main labor and survival depends on the long history, a woman who retire or subordinate of secondary gradually status.B, Salutation reflected on sexual discriminati

14、onIn British and American society, gender discrimination entrenched. Discrimination against women, first performance in society with male as the starting point, men will often is the whole societys will. Such as men and women named the respect has very big difference: female name often taken in smal

15、l animals. Such as: fawn , jeminni , Vanessa ; etc. And mens name is much back to wrestle with god, weapons, relevant, or with knowledge, authority, and reputation are concerned. Such as Jerome , Michael , Edgar , Giles , Abraham etc. These are for women in the prejudice and discrimination. In socia

16、l mores of unmarried women , to , marriage was renamed as Mrs. , but man whether marital status are called Mr. . This is because mans social status is usually according to career and achievement to determine, men are relatively more freedom in the marriage. And people for a lady and social status of

17、 identity depends largely on their marital status, to show that womens identity, says unmarried women for to married women for Mrs. Follow with Mrs. J, secular, women also cannot use his surname, must continue to her husbands surname, explain yourself already married to someone. Because, this is, mo

18、st women are not working, let alone their professional and social achievements. So, to determine a womans identity, we just need to know that she is someones wife or by her husband in the society have the status to call she went. Only in recent years, with Mr. J appear only correspond to the abbrevi

19、ations Ms, Ms both may express to can also mean that Mrs., this is solved to and Mrs. Avoid that cannot avoid the problem. In 1972, the word became an American important feminist magazine present-day title.C, Women term deteriorate cause of gender discriminationLanguage as social changes, to reflect

20、 the female in English vocabulary for some other meanings change research can also reflects womens status in society.In English, some words modified with male relevant words, often have positive meanings, but decorate female surname word will be derogatory sense, the so-called praise male demote fem

21、ale. For example: man, Lord, king - - are away, mistress, bachelor, master - - spinster, etc. At first the corresponding words about two sexes are synonymous, however not now a female and male nouns have pletely noun equivalence of meaning. Such as: bachelor refers to bachelor, singles often is view

22、ed as being carefree and happy person; While spinster besides refers to the bachelorette outside, and refers to the old spinster, it is people merciful object, dark means she have unpleasant past, and nag, fragile, cold blame derogatory sense. Be like again: master and mistress these two words was o

23、riginally used to refer to the male and female parent families, but as time goes by, representing the housewifes mistress a word is endowed with derogatory sense, it is used to represent the mistress. Be like again English governor and governess a group of words which, governor of a word can refer t

24、o a countrys head or a state of governor, and family is doing only governess female teacher solution, governor of male word power may be big to a people of the rulers, and feminine words only a small governess yet home to the teacher. Similarly, almost all women nouns containing derogatory sense, a

25、woman divorced called divorcee , And a man after divorce can be called divorce , but also say, have bee a bachelor . This reflects the wife is attached to her husbands feudal consciousness. Why can produce semantic men and women different etc.? Somebody thinks, this es from to devaluate feminine wor

26、ds of the social psychological phenomenon. In English, to the woman contempt and abusive containing the word to enumerate. For example: the phrase, tomato, piece, apple, where peach, bird, hen, chick, lamb, bunny, pussy etc, reflects the male female pared to food, flowers and plants and for people t

27、o enjoy the animals. Moreover, the American south coastal area there are often destructive strong hurricanes, but many women in name, such as Hurricane Besty, Hurricane Camilla, etc. And women term deteriorate contrast, all male nouns meanings of it has promoted, such as king, Lord, master, it etc i

28、f their initials instead of capital, it can be used to refer to god, Christ, the Lord or god. Therefore, women term deteriorate is pletely sex discrimination results.Conclusion: Gender discrimination is continuous thousands of years of cultural feature, it is the historical development of the effect

29、 of women, status, image in human psychological consciousness of reflection. Cause sexist words of a variety of reasons we live for a long time in a male domination admitted society, are exposed, consciously or unconsciously accepted the language of sex discrimination phenomenon, not only the conten

30、t, and constantly used to use them in the short term, to get rid of stereotypes, it is not easy. Take temporary solution to effect a permanent, to remove the language of sex discrimination phenomenon, must first eliminate exists in human ideology of prejudice, language change only in the social reform is the basis for the order.Bibliography:1邓延昌 胡文仲.语言与文化M.：外语教学与研究,1992.2滕延江.从英语词汇构词看英语中的性别歧视现象J.语言文学研究,2003,1.3于春娜;日常会话中性别差异的语用分析D;#师范大学;2006年4赵梦涛;性别话语风格研究D;#大学;2006年5陈其艳;汉语文学作品中男女作家性别语言差异的语言表征D;华中师范大学;2007年6赵娅琴;性别语言典型与其在交际中的体现D;西南大学;2007年7毕银燕;汉语言语交际中的性别差异研究D;#师范大学;2007年- 4 - / 5