研究生英语写作1Chapter4和5课件

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1、研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和51Part Composing Peerless Paragraph 研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和52Chapter FourEssential Qualities of Paragraphs：(5 elements / qualities)Chapter Five Developing Effective Paragraphs 研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和53 Presentations: outline all key points： explain with examples Listeners: take notes for

2、questions 研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和54Anything new to you in this part ? -thought / thinking patterns （ 思维思维 模式）模式） of Chinese / English （ P119, 思维思维 模式）模式）研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和55 English pattern: linear deductive (演绎推理）演绎推理） direct /openChinese/oriental pattern circular / spiral inductive ( 归纳推理）归纳推理） indir

3、ect研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和56 My View on University Ranking Many people dispute whether it is necessary. I think it is unnecessary because it mislead some candidates for college entrance examination. UR is a double-edged sword. Some people think UR is good研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和57which one is better ? none i

4、s better than the other, culturallybased what is our learning task here ? do the writing learnt here: English , international. Pattern : linearEnglish form - content ( English thinking pattern )English form -x- Chinese thought pattern : 1. no main idea until the end of the essay, even none 2. not re

5、levant 3. not clearly arranged Modern Chinese thought - assimilation同化同化/ globalization - English /international thought pattern 研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和58 thought / thinking patterns of English（ 思维思维 模式）模式） - text / discourse structure of an essay ( 篇章结构篇章结构） 3 parts in an essay : I. Introduction. : the

6、sis/ min idea / writers view II. Body/ Development.: support for ones view ( 10means of dev., book1) III. Conclusion.: emphasis / repetition , new message 5 elements / qualities in a paragraph : a. TS/DS/CS: S. functions b. Unity / Coherence :研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和59 My View on Uni. Ranking Outline ? O

7、utline I 1(Int.). :the phenomenon/ situation of Uni. ranking 2( Body/Dev.). : different views on ranking 3. (Con.): my view Outline II 1( ). the phenomenon/ situation of Uni. ranking 2( ). my view on ranking 3( ). con. Outline III. 1( ). My View 2( ). Different views from different people:3( ). Endi

8、ng Outline IV. 1( ). My View 2( ). The reasons for my view3( ). Emphasis / new message( tips)Outline V. 1( ). My View 2( ). The reasons for my view3( ). My view English Pattern： deductive 演绎型演绎型X X X vWith English thinking pattern / fluent expressions, it is likely to meet the needs of international

9、 writing in structure / organization - be published!Chinese Pattern： inductive 归纳型归纳型 研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和510 My View on Uni. Ranking Detailed Outline : 1. Int. a. situation / definition of UR b. my view : affirmative 2.Dev. Reasons for my view : a. for students to select uni. b. for uni. to enroll s

10、tudents c. for companies to employ workers 3. Con. a. summary b. new message : - sample from a student 研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和511Sample 2: My View on Uni. Ranking Outline I. My view on Uni. Ranking ( it is good)II. Different opinions and reasonsIII. It is right if students benefit from ranking People ob

11、tain lots of information on UR in many ways these years. Many students focus on ranking. In my opinion, UR is good for some people but it also has some disadvantage. We must use it in a proper way. More and more people talk about UR. It is easy to get views in the internet. Some people supportothers

12、 oppose it. In conclusion , UR can help students in some ways, but it has some disadvantage such as not accurate. I think it is great only if students can benefit from UR.Logical ?Pros and cons !What is important is we must use it in a proper way.Con: summary and tips / suggestions研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4

13、和512 From peer review: True or false ? Ranking is a means / mean of . As we know/known, They have attitudes about / to ranking. It is benefit to students. It is of benefit to sb. Unclear expressions: . The university ranking is the manifestation of social progress. Government education, social evalu

14、ation and university self-evaluation supervise the higher education development. Regardless of which kind of ranking standard, the top 10 even 15 are that few schools. That is to say,研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和513 Try to avoid negative transfer from mother tongue( 母母语负迁移）语负迁移） (CET4/6 , partly) The tests fr

15、om native countries of English, TOEFL GRE.研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和514 Topic 1: Do you agree or disagree on the following statement that Parents are the best teachers? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和515 Topic 2: People attend college or university for many diff

16、erent reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和516 Assignments: Writing : Topic 1 or 2: Requirements: a. detailed outline b. fina

17、l copy c. peer review Part IV.WT2: Constructing Strong Essays Two parts of an essay : what /how to write( !) 1. Int: 2. Body 3. Ending/ Closing 4.Transition para.研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和517Chapter 4Ways to Write a Good Paragraph: Step1 Making the Topic Clear Step 2 Maintaining Paragraph Unity Step 3 Achi

18、eving Paragraph Coherence 研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和518Step1 Making the Topic ClearAvoiding making a topic sentence too general Step 2 Maintaining Paragraph Unity Focusing on the Central Idea Putting the Central idea/Topic Sentence( TS) in the Best Place at the Beginning at the End in the Middle (contrast)

19、 at the Beginning and the End at the Beginning and in the Middle ( topic is divided ) (p112) in the Middle and at the End Not Stated ( narration) 研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和519Step 3 Achieving Paragraph Coherence 1. Organizing the ParagraphSpatial PatternChronological Pattern(9 kinds of developments , to wr

20、iting , B1 chapter 2)Using Parallel Structures Repeating or Restating Words and Word GroupsUsing Pronouns as TransitionsUsing Synonyms as TransitionsBeing Consistent(1) Using Formal Transitional Expressions研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和520 Step 2 Maintaining Paragraph Unity One Example on Central idea at the B

21、eginning and in the Middle ( topic is divided ) A famous address (p112)研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和521 P112, The Gettysburg Address Gettysburg, Pennsylvania November 19, 1863Back ground : Civil War: the North: United States-the South: the Confederated StatesApr. 12, 1861Apr. 9, 1865 Abraham Lincoln: Feb.12,1

22、809.-Apr.15, 1865, Mar.4,1861 Apr.15, 1865 The Declaration of Independence ( 独立宣言独立宣言): July 4, 1776 , National Day All men are created equalThe Battle of Gettysburg, Penn.A 3-day battle: July1-3, 1863, killed 160,000 soldiers A turning point in Civil War for the North to honor the killed for the co

23、untry, at the Gettysburg National Cemetery ( 国家公墓）国家公墓） The Gettysburg Address （葛底斯堡演讲葛底斯堡演讲):278 words , 3 minutes: a famous speech in US, the worldAbraham Lincoln, the 16th President On a train, not sure Story of Lincoln with a 11-year girl, whiskers The Monument研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和522The Monument

24、in GNC研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和523THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESSAbraham LincolnGettysburg, Pennsylvania November 19, 1863Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent, new Nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now, we are enga

25、ged in a great Civil War, testing whether that Nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who gave their lives that Nation might live.It is alto

26、gether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract.The world will little note nor long remember

27、 what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us; that from these honored dead, we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that this Nation, under

28、GOD, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the People by the People and for the People shall not perish from the earth.研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和524The Gettysburg AddressGettysburg, PennsylvaniaNovember 19, 1863 Four score and seven years ago , our fathers brought forth on this continen

29、t, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. 葛底斯堡演讲葛底斯堡演讲 八十七年前，我们的先辈在这个大陆上建立起一个崭新的国家。这个国家八十七年前，我们的先辈在这个大陆上建立起一个崭新的国家。这个国家以自由为理想，奉行人人生来平等的原则。以自由为理想，奉行人人生来平等的原则。 Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nat

30、ion so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

31、目前我们正在进行一场伟大的国内战争，目前我们正在进行一场伟大的国内战争，考验考验这样这样的国家或任何一个的国家或任何一个有着有着同样同样理想与原则的国家能否长久存在。现在我们在理想与原则的国家能否长久存在。现在我们在这这场战争的一个伟大战场场战争的一个伟大战场上相聚在一起，将上相聚在一起，将这这战场上的一小块土地，作为战场上的一小块土地，作为最终最终安息之地奉献给那些为安息之地奉献给那些为国家生存而英勇捐躯的人们。我们这样做是完全恰当、应该的。国家生存而英勇捐躯的人们。我们这样做是完全恰当、应该的。 研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和525 But, in a larger sense,

32、we can not dedicate - we can not consecrate - we can not hallow - this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. 但是，但是，从深层意义上来说从深层意义上来说，这块土地这块土地我们不能够奉我们不能够奉献，不能够圣化，不能够神化。献，不能够圣化，不能够神化。因为因为曾在这里战斗过曾在这里战斗过的的勇士们，无论是活着的还是死

33、去的，已经把勇士们，无论是活着的还是死去的，已经把这块土地这块土地神神圣化了。这远非我们微薄之力所能增减的。圣化了。这远非我们微薄之力所能增减的。The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. 全世界将很少注意到，也不会长期地记起我们在这里所全世界将很少注意到，也不会长期地记起我们在这里所说的话，说的话，但全世界但全世界永远不会忘记永远不会忘记勇士们勇士们在这里做在这里做过过的事。的事。 研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和5

34、26 It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. 在这里在这里, ,我们活着的人，应当我们活着的人，应当继承先烈遗志，将继承先烈遗志，将尚未完尚未完成的事业成的事业进行到底进行到底。 It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from th

35、ese honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the peopl

36、e, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 在这里在这里, ,我们我们应当应当把自己奉献于把自己奉献于烈士们留给我们的伟大烈士们留给我们的伟大任务任务，从烈士身上，从烈士身上我们我们汲取更多的献身精神来完成他们汲取更多的献身精神来完成他们为之献身的事业为之献身的事业. .在这里我们在这里我们下定决心，死者不会白白下定决心，死者不会白白流血牺牲，我们的国家在上帝护佑下，将得到自由的新流血牺牲，我们的国家在上帝护佑下，将得到自由的新生，并且生，并且使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。研究生英语写作1-

37、Chapter-4和527 Central idea in the beginning and the middle: divided But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate - we can not consecrate - we can not hallow - this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world wi

38、ll little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remainin

39、g before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion ; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 1. The central idea fall into two parts for a contrast： what we cannot-what we should do 2. the 2nd part is more forceful.- a famous citation研究生英语写作1-Chapter-4和528THANK YOU!