初二初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案

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1、句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语 （直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它 在句首。如：（1） Lucy is a beautiful nurse.（名词作主语）（2） He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）（3） Smoking is harmful to the health.（动名词作主语）（4） To swim in Kunming Lake is a gre

2、at pleasure. （不定式作主语）（5） What we should do is not yet decided.（主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么” “是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）|必须是动词谓语和 主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。如：His parents are teachers.（系动词和表语一起作谓语）We study hard.（行为动词作谓语）We dont finish reading the book.（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English.（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作

3、、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词 一起说明主语做什么。一般放 在谓语之后。She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says （that） she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music.我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语）说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或 动名词，称为介词宾语。

4、名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动 词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。说明2:及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的 直接对象，直接宾语 利,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语 叼。间接宾语一般 放在直接宾语之前。不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show （给看），bring, pass, buy等。如： （1） Our teacher tells us a story.（2） The sun gives us light.间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的

5、间接宾语之前会出现介词| “to”或“for,。间接宾语前加“ to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise （答应）,refuse （拒 绝）等。间接宾语加“ for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order （命令）,sing, pay 等（1） I give him a book. 改成： （2） He passes me the book.（他将书递给我。） 改成： （3） He writes me a let

6、ter. 改成： （4） He will buy me some books. 改成：（5） 5） She is making me a cake. 改成： 在宾语后面 补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为 宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。如：They make her happy.（形容词）I see her dance.（不定式）Wd ll helpyou to make the Olympics a success.（名词）Please let him in.（副词）We heard her singin

7、g a song.（分词短语）（五）表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或 形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。如：I am a teacher.（名词）He is always happy.（形容词）They are on the playground now.（介词短语）It gets cold.（形容词）Be 动词（am , is, are, was, were ）系动词 表保持（keep, stay, remain ）表改变（get, become, turn ）i感官动词（feel, sound （听起来），seem/look

8、 （看起来），taste （尝起来），smell （闻起来） 如：It sounds interesting. （sound 为系动词，interesting 为表语）We should all remain careful. Remain （为系动词，careful 为表语）（六）定语定语是用来 修饰名词或代词 的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的 词或短语等。单个词 作定语时.通常 放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：The black bike is mine.（形容词）What s your name?代词）They make paper flowers.（名词）说明

9、1:当定语 修饰不定代词：nothing, anything, everything, something 等时，定语 在不定代词后面。 如：I tell him something interesting.（形容词 interesting 作不定代词 something 的后置定语）He has something to do. （to do 为不定式作后置定语）说明2: 一语或从句|作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。如：The boys in the room are in Class Four. （in the room 是介词短语作 the boys 的后置定语。）（七）状语修饰动词、

10、形容词、副词 。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由 副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：He did it carefully.（副词）We often help him.（副词）Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介词短语）When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语）He sits there.（副词地点状语）【简单句的五种基本句型】A.主语+不及物动词（主谓）如：The sun

11、 rises.太阳升起来。The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。B.主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）如：I love my country.He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book.C.主语+系动词+表语（主系表）如：Her brother is a driver.We feel happy. （feel为系动词，表示感到）It gets dark.天黑了。（ get为系动词，表示变得）Tom looks ill. Tom 看上去病了。 （look为系动词，表示看上去，看起来）

12、D.主语+及物动词+双宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）（主谓+直宾+间宾）如：He gives Tom a present.（双宾语）他给汤姆一件礼物。Mother make a new dress for me.（双宾语）妈妈为我做了一件衣服。E.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（主+谓+宾+宾补）如：They call her Mary.（宾补）他们叫她 Mary。We make our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补）我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。He always makes us laugh.（宾补）他总使我们笑。二、典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分。1. Lily

13、is cleaning the desk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years 01d.4. I like this book very much.5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane sister.6. She didn t come my party because she was ill.7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.8. We will go to the Childre n s Palacon

14、ce a week.9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good.11. His name is Paul.12. We always go to school early.三、课后练习（一）挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother doesnt do his homework. ABCD People all over the world speak English. ABCD You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A BC D How many new words do you

15、 learn ? A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ABCD（二）挑出下列句中的表语 The 01d man is feeling very tired. A B CD Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D The leaves have turned yellow. A BCD Soon They all become interested in the subject. ABCD She is the first to learn

16、about it. A B C D（三）挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A BC D What is your given name? A B C D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B C D I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. ABCD The man downstairs was trying to sleep. ABC D（四）挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children

17、to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.ABC He asks her to take the boy out of school.ABCD She find it_difficult to do the work.ABCD They ca me Lily sometimes.ABC D I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B CD（五）挑出下列句中的状语 There is a big smile on her face.ABCD Every night he heard the noise upstairs

18、.ABCD He began to learn English when he was eleven.ABCD The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.ABCD With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.典型例题答案一.写出划线部分的句子成分。2.定，状4.谓，宾，状6.谓，状8.谓，状10.表12.状，状1 .主，谓，宾，状3.表5 士 士.7E, 7E7.谓，宾，状9.表11.定，表课后练习（三）DDBAB （四）DBDCB（五）CCABB （六）CCCCD（七）D

19、ADDA （八）us,间接宾语a story,直接宾语me,间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语 us,间接宾语history, 直接宾语Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语me,间接宾语message,直接宾语初中英语语法宾语从句讲解，专项练习及答案宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时;陈述句转化that弓I, 一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解1概念：在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作i1语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg,He said he was good

20、 at drawing.(动词宾语 )He asks him how long Mike has been down .( 动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.(介词宾语 )2.连接词(1).陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that, 口语中常常省略。e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg, I wonder if /whether u have told th

21、e new to Li Lei .注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。a.当从句做介词的宾于是只用 whether不用ifeg, We are talking about whether well go on the pinic.b.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时，只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next.Could you tell me whether u go or not?c. if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导

22、词后要用陈述句语序。E.g. Could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you?特殊情况：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词+do youthink +陈述句语序。3 .宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：Do you know (if/whether he has seen the film ) ?b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：I didnt know (if/whether he had seen

23、the film.)注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：He said (that the earth moves round the sun. )The teacher told us (that light travels much faster than sound. )4 .、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾 语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： （一主二宾三不变）“ May I use your knife ？ ” He asked

24、 me.fHe asked me if he might use my knife.“ Do you know her telephone number ？ ” He asked me.fHe asked me if I know her telephone number.b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk? I don t know. f I don t know who will give us a talk.Do you know ? Where does he live? f Do you k

25、now where he lives?二、宾语从句的转化1.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope， wish ， decide， forget ， plan ， agree 等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths.fShe agreed to help me with my maths.2. 当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide 等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成 “疑问词不定式结构” 。例如：

26、I dont know which sweater I should buy. f I dont know which sweater to buy.3. 当主句的谓语动词是ask ， tell, show, teach 等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时， 从句可以转化成 “疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为 “连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如： -Could you tell me how to get to the park?4. 当主句谓语动词是find ， see， wa

27、tch ， hear 等感官动词时，从句常简化为 “宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带 to 的不定式或V-ing 形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.fShe found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1 .Have you decided for Australia?A. when will you leaveB. when do you leaveC. you will leave whenD. when you will leave2 .Can yo

28、u tell me ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3 .The old man asked me .A. where was the cinemaB. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema wasD. where was the way to the cinema4.I think you will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. how5.I didn t know he will com

29、e or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how6.1 wonder .A. how much cost these shoesB. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes costD. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is8.Ask him _.A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this

30、 C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9.I don t know .A. what time the movie startsB. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movieD. the movie what time starts10 .The doctor asked me how long A. was I illB.11 .The weather forecast doesnA. if it rains tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorr

31、ow12 .Do you know ?A. whose pen is thisC. whom does the pen belong to13.Could you tell me where have I been illC. I have been ill D. I had been ill t say .B. if does it rain tomorrowD. if will it rain tomorrowB. whose pen this isD. whom the pen belong to ?A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape

32、isD. is the tape14 .They want to know ?A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying15 .Tony wanted to know .A. what had Father Christmas put in his stockingB. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. what Father Christmas had put in his stoc

33、kingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16 .No one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. when B. whether C. whereD. if17 .July didn t know.A. where is Tim s fatherB. when was the first watch madeC. who the old man isD. what was wrong with her

34、 watch18 .No one told us , so we need your help.A. how should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do 19.We don t know with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do itB. how to doC. what do it D. what to do20.He asked me .A. whether I find out the sender of the mo

35、neyB. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found outD. whether I found out the sender of the money21. Did you hear ? A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say22. Can you tell me ?A. which class you are inB. which class are you inC. you

36、are in which classD. are you in which class23. -Excuse me. Could you tell me ? - Certainly.A. when can I get to the stationB. I can get to which stationC. which station can I get toD. how I can get to the station24. Could you tell me where yesterday?A. did you goB. you go C. you have gone D. you wen

37、t25. Tom asked me .A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this wasC. who shirt was this D. who shirt this was26. Excuse me, could you tell me ?A. where s the teachers office B. where s the bus stationC. what s she doingD. where the post office is27. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I don t know .A. she

38、 lives where B. she where lives C. where she lives D. where does she live 28. - Go and ask Mr. White for help. - But I don t know .A. where does he liveB. where he livesC. where is he livingD. he lives there29. - Can you tell me ? - Yes, he lives in a small town.A. where he lives B. who is singing C

39、. when he will leave D. what he said30. Have you decided for London?A. when will you leaveB. when you will leaveC. when are you goingD. when you are going31. Excuse me. Could you tell me our tickets?A. where do we show B. where shall we show C. where did we show D. where we shall show32. - What are

40、you interested in about cooking food? - We are all interested in A. how egg is fried B. how is egg fried C. How egg fries D. how does egg fry 33. Do you know ? A. what it is B. what is it C. who is he D. whose name is it34. Do you know ?D. who s bootkhis isD. where my catD. what your name isA. whose

41、 book is this B. whose book this is C. this book is whose 35. I don t know now.A. where is my cat B. my cat is where C. where my cat is 36. Does he know ?A. what s your name B. what name is your C. what your is name 37. Do you know ?A. which floor he livesB. which floor he lives onC. he lives on whi

42、ch floorD. which floor does he lives on38. Tell me where ? A. is the hospital B. the hospital is C. is hospital D. hospital is39. He hasn t decid_e_d.A. if he ll go on a trip to Wxui B. when will he go on a trip to Wu xiC. if he goes on a trip to Wu xiD. when does he go on a trip to Wu xi40. Can you

43、 see ?A. what he s reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads what点击中考1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell A. when UFOs will appear next timeB. why do horses know the wayC. where was this kind of plant foundD. how do elephants communicate2.

44、-What time will Mr. Brown be back to China? Sorry. I don t kno_w.A. when did he go abroadB. why he is going abroadC. how soon will he be backD. how long he will stay abroad3. -May I come in ? I m sorry I am late.Come in, please. But could you please tell me . ?A. why you are late againB. what were y

45、ou doing thenC. who you talked withD. how do you come to school4. -Could you please tell me . ?Bus No.32 will take you right there.A. where is Henan MuseumB. what Henan Museum is likeC. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum5. Peter says that the Whites are on holida

46、y, but no one knows .A. where they have been B. where are theyC. where are they fromD. where they have gone6. -Do you know . the Capital Museum?-Next Friday.A. when will they visitB. when they will visitC. when did they visitD. when they visited7. He wanted to know .the English party.A. when will we

47、 have B. when we will haveC. when would we have D. when we would have8. I want to know . .A. when we should arrive at the airportB. when should we arrive at the airport1 . when the airport we should arrive atD. when the airport should we arrive at9 .-David, look at the man in white over there. Can y

48、ou tell me . ?He is a doctor.A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is10 . -Could you tell me . ? He is wanted by the head teacher.-Sorry, I ve no idea. But he here just now.A. where Tim; was B. where is Tim; was C. where Tim is; was D. where Tim is; is 11. -Did Mrs. King leave a message

49、?-Yes. She wanted to know this Sunday.A. who you would go shoppingB. if you would go shopping with herC. that you will go shoppingD. when will you go shopping with her12 .- I m a teenager s mother. Sometimes I don t know.Love and understanding.A. what my son needs mostB. what does my son want to get

50、C. why my son gets annoyed very often D. why does my son get annoyed very often.13 . -I wonder . without water About a week.A. how long man can liveB. how long can man liveC. when man can liveD. when can man live宾语从句巩固练习参考答案1. 参考答案 D 你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗？宾语从句用陈述语序。2. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序，where 作从句的宾语。3. 参考答案C

51、宾语从句用陈述语序，where 表示地点。4. 参考答案Aif 表示选择，我想你是否将喜欢他。5. 参考答案B有 ornot ， 所以用whether.6. 参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序.7. 参考答案 A 宾语从句用陈述语序,who 作从句的宾语。8. 参考答案Awhose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。9. 参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序。10. 参考答案D 主句是过去时，从句也要用过去相应的时态，医生问我之前我已经病了，所以用过去完成时态。11. 参考答案C if 连接宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序。12. 参考答案B whose 是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句

52、的宾语。13. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序。14. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序，时态不受限制。15. 参考答案C 主句用一般过去时， 从句要用过去相应的时态， 因为圣诞老人是之前就把礼物放进袜子里了，所以用过去完成时态。16. 参考答案 B 有 or not 就用 whether.17. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序, 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态。18. 参考答案B 没有人告诉我们应该做什么，所以我们需要你的帮助。宾语从句用陈述语序，如果选B 就是没有人做什么， us 后面是宾语从句，而us 是宾格不能作从句的主语，所以 C 选项缺少宾语从句的主语，应选 B.19. 参考

53、答案 D 我们不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陆地和海洋。 What 做 to do 的宾语。20. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序，他问我是否我能找出寄钱的人，主句用过去时态，从句用过去相应的时态。21. 参考答案B 宾语从句用陈述语序，what 作从句的宾语。which class.22. 参考答案A 宾语从句用陈述语序，哪一个班，所以用23. 参考答案 D 你能告诉我怎样可以去车站，当然可以。宾语从句用陈述语序，怎样用 how.24. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序。25. 参考答案B 宾语从句用陈述语序，谁的衬衫用表示所有格的whose ，后面需要跟名词。26. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈

54、述语序，邮局在哪儿，需用表示地点的 where.27. 参考答案C我想去看王夫人，但是我不知道她住在哪里。宾语从句用陈述语序。28. 参考答案B宾语从句用陈述语序29. 参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序，主句用一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用相应的时态，他住在哪里应用一般现在时态，是现在的一种状态。30. 参考答案B 你还没有决定什么时候去伦敦吗？宾语从句用陈述语序，因为是你打算去伦敦，现在并没有在伦敦，或是已经去过了，所以从句用一般将来时。31. 参考答案D 不好意思打扰了，你能告诉我，我们将在哪儿检票呢？宾语从句用陈述语序，主语是第一人称，所以可以用 shall+ 动词原形。32. 参考答案A鸡

55、蛋是怎样被煎的，所以用被动语态，宾语从句用陈述语序。33. 参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序。34. 参考答案B你知道这是谁的书吗？宾语从句用陈述语序，谁的书用所有格 whose ,后加名词 book.35. 参考答案C我现在不知道我的猫在哪里。宾语从句用陈述语序。36. 参考答案D他知道你的名字是什么吗？宾语从句用陈述语序。37. 参考答案 B 你知道他住哪层楼吗？哪层楼用 which floor, live 是不及物动词， 后面不能直接跟宾语，只能加一个介词之后，在跟宾语，在哪一层楼， on the floor, 所以介词用 on.38. 参考答案 B 你能告诉我医院在哪儿吗？宾语从句用陈述语

56、序。39. 参考答案A他还没有决定他是否将去无锡旅行。因为有hasn t decided导知，还没有决定，所以不可能是打算去，宾语从句用陈述语序。40. 参考答案 A 你能看见他现在真正读什么吗？宾语从句用陈述语序，主句是现在时态，从句根据事实来决定用什么时态，你能看见是说现在，所以应该是问现在正在读什么。点击中考参考答案1. 参考答案 A. 我的一些朋友对自然科学感兴趣，但他们谁也讲不出下次不明飞行物出现的时间。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。2. 参考答案D. 布朗先生什么时候回中国？抱歉。我不知道他会在国外待多久。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。3. 参考答案A. 我可以进来吗？很抱歉我迟到了。请进，但

57、请你告诉我为什么又迟到了吗？宾语从句应该用陈述语序。4. 参考答案D. 你能告诉我怎样到河南博物馆（我坐几路车能到河南博物馆）吗？宾语从句应该用陈述语序。5. 参考答案D. 彼得说怀特一家正在度假，但没有人知道他们去了哪里。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。They have been to 他们去过某个地方，现在已经回来了； they have gone to 他们去了某个地方，现在还 没有回来。6. 参考答案 B. 你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗？下周五。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。7. 参考答案 D. 你想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会。当主句是一般过去时态的时候，宾语从句用相应的过去时态，宾语从

58、句应该用陈述语序。8. 参考答案A. 我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。9. 参考答案D. David, 看那边那个穿白衣服的人，你能告诉我他是干什么的吗？他是医生。询问职业用what ；宾语从句应该用陈述语序。10. 参考答案C.你能告诉我蒂姆在哪里吗？班主任在找他。对不起，我不知道。但是他刚才在这里。动词 tell 后接的宾从应用陈述语序， just now 提示应该用 was.11. 参考答案B.金太太留口信了吗？是的，她想知道这个周日你是否跟她一起去购物。12. 参考答案A.我是一个青少年的妈妈。有时我不知道我的儿子最需要什么。爱和理解。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。 Love and understanding. 故用 what.13. 参考答案A.我想知道，没有水人能活多久。大约一周。 About a week 知询问应用 how long ，宾语从句应该用陈述语序。111213