曲面叶片的数控加工工艺设计及CAM编程仿真含NX三维及CAD图
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设计(论文)任务书题目三维CAD与CAM技术在数控加工中的应用典型汽车零部件的CAM编程(曲面)姓名学号题目类型工程实际科 研实验室建设其它一、课题主要研究(设计)内容: 1.学习数控加工技术,了解数控加工的技术特点,分析典型汽车零件的特点2.学习UG 或Mastercam软件,掌握计算机编程技巧 3.依据典型汽车零件的技术要求及加工要求制定加工方案;4 实现UG或Mastercam环境下的建立典型零件的三维建模和数控加工动作的运动仿真。5. 编写加工程序,对比加工参数设定重要性及选择性,并对加工效果及加工方案进行分析及评价二、工作进度要求(分阶段提出具体时间要求):2013.10.082013.11.30 收集相关资料,确定毕业设计课题2013.12.012013.12.17 学生完成课题研究与设计方案论证报告交给指导教师,完成课题开题报告2013.12.182014.01.31 学习UG或Mastercam三维软件并完成典型零件加工方案确定2014.02.012014.03.10 实现UG或Mastercam环境下典型零件的运动仿真,并完成相关典型零件的制作数控加工加工程序编制,完成中期报告2014.03.112014.04.15 进行0号装配图纸绘制及论文撰写等工作2014.04.162014.04.25 完成论文撰写及各类图纸绘制、各数控程序的汇总及必要表格的归纳,并提交给指导老师2014.04.262014.05.09 指导教师评阅毕业论文,学生及时积极修改指导老师指出的问题,准备毕业设计答辩内容2014.05.102014.05.16 完成答辩三、应查阅的主要参考文献:1 阎红娟数控自动编程参数设置技巧化学工业出版社2 PeterSmid数控编程手册(原著第3版)化学工业出版社3 尚广庆数控加工工艺及编程上海交通大学出版社4 PeterSmid数控编程技术:高效编程方法和应用指南化学工业出版社5 顾雪艳数控加工编程操作技巧与禁忌机械工业出版社四、毕业设计(论文)预期成果或结论性观点1.一份毕业论文;2.一份学生手册;3.CAD三维模型,CAM加工程序,切削仿真动画(可折合成1张A0图纸内容工作量)4. A0号图纸1份。五、毕业设计(论文)完成提交方式(设计、作品照片、实物、模型、技术文档或论文、含有技术文档或论文的光盘等)1、以电子稿形式上交所有毕业成果要求的内容。2、文字编排的成果(包括毕业论文与各种报告等)需在电子稿的情况以外附加打印稿。指导教师: 审核人: 年 月 日 年 月 日毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目三维CAD与CAM技术在数控加工中的应用典型汽车零部件的CAM编程(曲面)姓名学号一、本课题的研究目的和意义1目的:对典型汽车零部件特点进行分析;掌握计算机三维建模和计算机编程;熟悉加工方案的制定和评价;学会对加工方案进行分析; 2意义:对制造业来说,CAD/CAM是提高产品设计品质和制造品质、缩短产品开发周期,降低产品开发成本的强有力手段,已成为企业赢得市场的制胜法宝。因此,研究我国机械行业CAD/CAM技术应用现状,对加快我国机械行业CAD/CAM技术推广应用步伐,提高我国机械制造业的国际竞争力具有深远的意义。通过对汽车零部件的CAM编程,可以让我更好地了解现代计算机辅助设计。搜集整合相关资料时,使我对国内外CAD/CAM有了一定的了解,同时开阔了自身的视野。与老师同学们讨论,不但增强我的专业知识水平,也很大程度上提高了我的语言表达沟通能力。总之,此次毕业设计将整合我大学四年中所学到的各项专业知识,理论联系实际。让我的自身综合能力得到很大的提升。二、本课题的主要研究内容(提纲)1.学习数控加工技术,了解数控加工的技术特点,分析典型汽车零件的特点2.学习UG 或Mastercam软件,掌握计算机编程技巧 3.依据典型汽车零件的技术要求及加工要求制定加工方案(重点在自动加工参数、刀路路线选择等方面);4. 实现UG或Mastercam环境下的建立典型零件的三维建模和数控加工动作的运动仿真。5. 编写加工程序,对比加工参数设定重要性及选择性,并对加工效果及加工方案进行分析及评价6. 3000字符的科技英文资料翻译。三、文献综述(国内外研究情况及其发展)CAD/CAM技术在20世纪60年代逐渐兴起,经过数十年的发展,先后经过了四个年代,分别为大型机、小型机、工作站、微机时代。现如今,CAD/CAM软件在工作站和微机平台已经占据主导地位。在我国有许多流行的商品化软件。比如 PICAD,软件具有参数化和较强的开放性,对特征点和特征坐标可自动捕捉及动态导航;系统提供交互环境下的开放的二次开发工具,用户可以增加功能或开发专业应用软件。再比如CAXA:CAXA电子图板足高效,方便、智能化的通用中文设计绘图软件,辅助设计人员进行零件图、装配图、工艺图表、平面包装的设计,适合二维绘图的场合,可使设计人员甩掉图板,满足相关行业的设计要求。还有金银花系统(Lonicera)、高华CAD,GS-CAD98、开目CAD等软件,其中的金银花系统的目标是向国外三维CAD软件发出强有力的挑战。但我国CAD/CAM相比国外的软件有如下缺点:应用范围窄、层次浅;功能单一,经济效益并不明显。在国外,UG 、PROE、solidworks是CAD/CAM软件的佼佼者,Unigraphic(UG):UG是源于美国麦道(MD)公司的产品,是由美国通用汽车公司EDS分部的独立子公司UnigraphicSolutions开发的,集CAD/CAM/CAE于一体的 机械工程辅助系统,适用于航空、航天、汽车、通用机械及模具等的设计、分析及制造工程。UG是将优越的参数化和变量化技术与传统的实体、线框、表面功能结合在一起,还提供了二次开发工具GIRP、UFUNG、ITK,允许用户扩展UG的功能。(2)AutoCAD:它是美国Autodesk公司开发的具有交互式和强大二维功能的绘图软件(如二维绘图、编辑、剖面线和图案绘制、尺寸标注以及二次开发等功能),并有部分三维功能。AutoCAD软件是目前世界上应用最广的CAD软件,占整个CAD/CAE/CAM软件市场的37%左右(在中国二维绘图CAD软件市场占有绝对优势)。(3)Pro/Engineer:它是美国参数技术公司(PTC)1988年的产品,具有先进的参数化设计、基于特征设计的实体造型和便于移植设计思想的特点,用户界面友好,符合工程技术人员的机械设计思想,能将整个设计和生产过程集成在一起。最近几年Pro/E已成为三维机械设计领域里最富有魅力的软件,在中国模具工厂得到了非常广泛的应用。(4)由美国Autodesk公司基于参数化特征实体造型和曲面造型而开发的MDT软件。由美国SolidWorks公司基于Windows,平台的全参数化特征造型开发的Soildworks软件。 在本次毕业设计中,我将使用UG这款软件进行三维造型和加工仿真。因为UG相比其他软件,在复杂的零件的建模过程中,相对来说比较容易,特别是在曲面建模方面,其曲面构造工具比较丰富。在CAM方面的功能也非常强大,它能自动进行数控编程,但是数控编程之前的加工工艺的分析和规划必须由用户自行完成。加工工艺制定的好坏从根本上决定了数控程序的优劣。加工工艺分析和规划的主要内容包括:毛坯工件的选择、加工区域的确定、工艺路线的拟定、加工刀具的选择、走刀路线和切削用量的确定等内容。这也是我本次毕设要学习的重点。四、拟解决的关键问题1使用三维软件对汽车典型零部件进行建模,应注意在曲面部分比较复杂;2加工方案和加工参数的确定;3利用计算机进行辅助编程时应注意的关键点及如何最有效实现加工优化及成本优化;五、研究思路和方法1.技术措施和方案1利用所学的知识以及查阅相关的资料,对典型汽车零部件进行几个加工方案的实施,然后进行仿真,以对比加工参数选择的优劣;2查询相关资料,询问专业老师,定义零件的各项参数以及其加工工艺;3运用CAM对典型零部件进行数控编程仿真及个别实物现场加工;2.解决的技术途径1查阅相关技术资料进行研究、分析;2利用网络及相关教程进行学习编程软件操作技巧,熟练应用主流CAM软件进行加工工艺方案的实现;3向专业老师请教来解决建模,加工仿真等问题。六、本课题的进度安排2013.10.082013.11.30 收集相关资料,确定毕业设计课题2013.12.012013.12.17 学生完成课题研究与设计方案论证报告交给指导教师,完成课题开题报告2013.12.182014.01.31 学习UG或Mastercam三维软件并完成典型零件加工方案确定2014.02.012014.03.10 实现UG或Mastercam环境下典型零件的运动仿真,并完成相关典型零件的制作数控加工加工程序编制,完成中期报告2014.03.112014.04.15 进行0号装配图纸绘制及论文撰写等工作2014.04.162014.04.25 完成论文撰写及各类图纸绘制、各数控程序的汇总及必要表格的归纳,并提交给指导老师2014.04.262014.05.09 指导教师评阅毕业论文,学生及时积极修改指导老师指出的问题,准备毕业设计答辩内容2014.05.102014.05.16 完成答辩七、参考文献 1 阎红娟数控自动编程参数设置技巧化学工业出版社2 PeterSmid数控编程手册(原著第3版)化学工业出版社3 尚广庆数控加工工艺及编程上海交通大学出版社4 PeterSmid数控编程技术:高效编程方法和应用指南化学工业出版社5 顾雪艳数控加工编程操作技巧与禁忌机械工业出版社指导教师意见指导教师(签名): 年 月 日所在系(所)意见负 责 人(签章): 年 月 日毕业设计(论文)中期检查表题目三维CAD与CAM技术在数控加工中的应用典型汽车零部件的CAM编程(曲面)姓名学号原毕业设计(论文)的进度计划:2013.10.082013.11.30 收集相关资料,确定毕业设计课题2013.12.012013.12.17 完成课题研究与设计方案论证报告交给指导教师,完成课题开题报告2013.12.182014.01.31 学习UG或Mastercam三维软件并完成典型零件加工方案确定2014.02.012014.03.10 实现UG或Mastercam环境下典型零件的运动仿真,并完成相关典型零件的制作数控加工加工程序编制,完成中期报告2014.03.112014.04.15 进行0号装配图纸绘制及论文撰写等工作2014.04.162014.04.25 完成论文撰写及各类图纸绘制、各数控程序的汇总及必要表格的归纳,并提交给指导老师2014.04.262014.05.09 指导教师评阅毕业论文,学生及时积极修改指导老师指出的问题,准备毕业设计答辩内容2014.05.102014.05.16 完成答辩中期报告(已完成的研究内容,所取得阶段性成果,下一步工作计划和研究内容等)1.对典型汽车零部件进行测绘,并用UG进行三维建模,可以提交三维造型。2.用UG导出A0图纸,并用CAD进行修改,可以提交A03已完成毕设翻译4接下来将进行对某汽车零部件的建模和CAM编程(曲面),工艺分析,优化分析等等,并完成论文指导教师意见: 指导教师签字: 年 月 日 毕业(论文)指导记录表题目三维CAD与CAM技术在数控加工中的应用典型汽车零部件的CAM编程(曲面)姓名学号指 导 内 容1.A0图纸的标注问题2.A0图纸的零件问题3.毕业设计的某些内容修改学生签名: 指导老师签名:指 导 内 容1.A0图纸的修改2.毕业设计的格式修改学生签名: 指导老师签名:指 导 内 容1.A1图纸修改2.毕业设计增添一些内容学生签名: 指导老师签名:指 导 内 容1.A1图纸修改2.论文格式最终修改学生签名: 指导老师签名:指 导 内 容学生签名: 指导老师签名:指 导 内 容学生签名: 指导老师签名:外文原稿和翻译稿Corrosion Prevention for Magnesium Automotive ComponentLIU Xinkuan XIANG Yanghui HU Wenbin DING Wenjiang(State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composite,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200030)Abstract: With rapid growth of magnesium alloy applications in automotive industry,especially for external components,corrosion prevention is becoming increasingly impotrantThis paper discussed the methodology for corrosion protection of automotive components,particularly for the external components. Further more,the possible technical solutlons of galvanic corrosion for using magnesium components in automotive industry was describedKey words :magnesium alloys,corrosion prevention,automotive componentsAutomotive industry has recognized the advantages of magnesium alloy for a long time. In the 1930s of the last century, there are some earliest applications and then gradually increase the application, the use of magnesium alloy reached its peak in 1971, when Volkswagen Beetle car consumes 42000t magnesium, accounting for almost the entire Western world magnesium production of 1 / 4. Beginning in the 1970s, as prices ,corrosion and other factors, the amount of magnesium in the automotive industry gradually declined. But in the last decade, the amount of magnesium in the automotive industry continues to increase, the annual growth rate of 15%, this growth rate is expected to continue for 10 years. Now, the using of magnesium in the North American automotive industry is about 3.5kg / car. In the future, every car will use at least 100kg of magnesium.Magnesium alloys in automotive industry are mainly used for the production of two types of components: one is the case. For those high strength is not necessary for all housing components, magnesium alloy is the material of choice. These parts are considerable, clutch shell, valve cover, gear box, crankshaft box, engine front cover, cylinder head and cylinder head cover etc. Another part is the support. Although magnesium alloy can not be used for making automobile big stress components, but can be used for the production of structural components of a small force, such as the steering wheel, steering rack etc. Magnesium alloy is particularly suitable for manufacturing often bear the brunt of the components, such as the steering shaft, the seat frame and the hub etc. From the perspective of corrosion protection of magnesium alloy automobile parts, can be divided into internal and external parts under the hood parts and parts. Different automobile parts subjected to different local environments and different appearance requirements. Protection measures of course are also different. Discuss separately below corrosion and protection of magnesium alloys parts of several types of. The most serious corrosion problems encountered external parts, is the focus of this article1. Corrosion and Protection of magnesium alloy components1.1 Internal parts as well as parts under the hoodSupport parts such as instrument panel, steering wheel, the steering bracket in the carriage, belonging to the inner parts, the service environment is mainly moisture, no appearance requirements. Therefore, almost do not need to consider the problem of corrosion protection of magnesium alloys. Also do not need to take protective measures.The shell parts such as gear box, clutch housing generally located in the car under the hood, the service environment is the atmospheric environment, the occasional water splash, general corrosion is not the main problem, magnesium alloy of high purity itself has sufficient corrosion resistance. You need to consider is to prevent galvanic corrosion, the protection measures of galvanic corrosion will be discussed separately below. There are some cover components such as the valve cover, the oil pan and other higher, with the appearance, durability requirements, to heat, oil, salt water splash, must carry on the surface treatment. Epoxy or epoxy use chitosan powder coating can meet the requirements.1.2 External parts1.2.1 The external parts facing new problem External parts such as doors, the trunk cover and front some pieces of the structure, the working condition is bad, such as industrial atmospheric corrosion, stone, sand, salt spray, ultraviolet irradiation, also called the beautiful appearance. So it must be necessary treated before to meet the requirements . In addition, the magnesium alloy external parts service period relative to other materials will meet many new problems in the manufacturing process of automobile and vehicle .The production of automobiles, automobile coating must pass before phosphating / E coating, zinc, aluminum and steel parts for, do not need any treatment can be assembled, and before the assembling of magnesium alloy parts must be processed Phosphating treatment standards can not meet the requirements of the binding force of magnesium alloy coatingThe phosphating solution is acidic, will lead to the dissolution of magnesium alloy and magnesium ions, and cause the processing liquid pollution, will reduce the other metal phosphating treatment efficiency Iron ions in phosphating solution deposited on magnesium surface, so that the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys decreaseNew problems encountered during the service process of the magnesium alloy parts in the galvanic corrosion. When the magnesium alloy directly in the assembly or heterogeneous metal coating on magnesium alloy surface damage, it is prone to galvanic corrosion. Therefore, to prevent galvanic corrosion will be priority 1.2.2 Batter dealMagnesium alloy member surface coating treatment may be applied to select the pretreatment or anodizing treatment plus closed , .Pretreatment general chemical conversion coating . Chromate treatment effect , of course, very good, but chromate serious pollution of the environment , from the environmental point of view, priority should be given a non- chromate treatment, such as phosphate treatment . Common organic paint coating , e.g. ,E coating or powder coating .Cost considerations , of course, hope that will solve the problem monolayer , monolayer must be strong enough , however , got enough to withstand damage during assembly . The E a single coating becomes too thin. Too fragile to be coupled with a layer of polymer or resin powder coating thickness exceeding 40pm to avoid damage during assembly .Anodized to provide a good corrosion preventing effect , the anodized film is generally hard and wear resistant enough to withstand damage during assembly , and the anodic oxide film and the substrate with a strong force , the entire body can be used as a substrate coating , Thus , anodic oxide film on the performance enough to replace pretreatment plus coating layer . The only drawback is anodized high cost , and a porous anodic oxide film . There must be follow- closed treatment , in order to cope with the harsh corrosive environments .1.3 Handling car tires circleCar tire service conditions in the external part of the circle to withstand the most severe , requiring tire laps splashing salt water , heat , oil and UV rays. There brake dust, stones hit, also requires a beautiful appearance . Taking into account the ease and the color transformation in acidic environment , preferably coating technology ; considering flying rocks and other factors lead to corrosion damage to the coating applied to the magnesium alloy of the tire beads and the coating layer 5 is usually done baking total film thickness of up to 160 180m.Base treatment before painting is currently the best method is anodized magnesium alloy after chromate bright anodized greatly improved corrosion resistance . Production of automobile tires circle magnesium alloy anodized AM60B applicable law is DOwl, DOw7, DOw22, which Dow22 method works best. The oxide film is much higher in the method of generating the magnesium content than chromium oxide film which is formed on the aluminum alloy of the chromium content , even if the film off , can also achieve the purpose of long-term corrosion resistance .Primer coating. Due to the poor corrosion resistance of the alloy pan , it is necessary to full coating, to achieve the full effect of a uniform , preferably electrophoretic coating. Electrophoretic coating anionic and cationic there , both compared to cationic better .Just layer electrophoretic film can not completely prevent splashing paint damage caused by rocks , this also needs to be able to absorb the rocks coated with a coating of energy , this layer is crucial to choose a good first layer electrophoretic coating to adapt the film layer . Good paint and adaptability necessary thickness to be determined by the test .To prevent paint damage caused by flying rocks and the need to further improve the overall corrosion resistance of the coating thickness of the third film , the requirements of this layer and the second layer and the internal stress from difficult .The fourth layer of paint color choice is good, good weather resistance coating .After the above-described magnesium alloy surface treatment, the corrosion resistance , corrosion resistance after splashing rocks . Atmospheric corrosion can reach practical requirements.1.3 Galvanic corrosionMagnesium alloy metal relative to other projects in terms of both the anode , magnesium alloy and when assembled together dissimilar metals , galvanic corrosion will need to be carefully considered. Measures to prevent galvanic corrosion , including appropriate structural design , matching metal selection, painting , and washer selection.Structural DesignMagnesium alloy is applied to the automotive industry, the design principle is to ensure proper water flow out smoothly , but can not let dust and dirt accumulation.Choose a tight pair of metals and solidsCompatible with the magnesium alloy metal with a low copper content aluminum alloys ( 5000, 6000 series aluminum alloys ) , zinc, tin alloy , the two materials are more commonly used to improve the compatibility of the plating layer and the steel material of magnesium , while the steel, nickel , copper , titanium, and aluminum high copper content , you should try to avoid direct contact with the magnesium.Select the fastener is relatively critical factor. In sufficient strength . Stuck without considering the case, the compatibility of an aluminum alloy ( 5000, 6000 series aluminum alloy ) as the fastener can be reduced galvanic corrosion. But in most cases, the mechanical performance and price factors determine the use of plating or other ways to protect steel fasteners.Type in the plating layer , zinc and magnesium is the most compatible. Electric galvanizing process is highly developed, the zinc coating is also very economical , this type of coating has been shown to be effective in reducing the galvanic corrosion between steel and magnesium .WasherThe role of the gasket is between the current cutting assembly , thereby preventing or reducing the galvanic corrosion. Experimental results show that with the increase of galvanic corrosion gasket thickness decreases linearly . Extrapolated from the experimental curve , with about 4mm thick washers , galvanic corrosion is reduced to negligible . Taking into account the high conductivity of the salt spray test , the data obtained is very conservative . In actual use , the gasket thickness of 2mm or 3mm is enough .The galvanic corrosion of painting magnesium In order to prevent galvanic corrosion and coating on magnesium alloy is often the opposite effect. But in some cases, the magnesium alloy parts coating is inevitable, then, coating system selection should be carefully considered. If the magnesium alloy cant get the right protection, the possibility of galvanic corrosion is very large. Therefore, it is necessary to use a thick coating and suitable gasket to prevent the assembly parts insulation layer damage. The galvanic corrosion in the area of effect is very significant. Heterogeneous metal / Mg area ratio increasing, the corrosion rate of the magnesium on the higher. For example, M8 magnesium workpiece with bolts, bolt head area of approximately 3cm , when the hole with diameter of LMM coating on magnesium (corresponding to an area of approximately 0.008cm ), when the area ratio of cathode to anode is 3 / 0.008=375 corresponds, magnesium is not performed on the coating, the area ratio of cathode to anode is 1. If a conductive film, magnesium corrosion will accelerate the speed of 375 times (of course, due to polarization, magnesium corrosion rate does not actually increased 375 times, but the corrosion rate will undoubtedly increase many). As mentioned above , in order to prevent galvanic corrosion , washers are indispensable. The same is true when the plastic washers may well prevent galvanic corrosion occurs even when there is no protective coating on magnesium. This is mainly due to the increase of the length of the plastic washers conductive channel while reducing the metal ion transfer between the cross-sectional area , of course, galvanic corrosion is reduced . Another benefit of using a plastic protective coating is able to prevent damage during assembly coating system . Of particular note is that the plastic is not high temperature, the temperature of the commonly used phosphate / E- coating system uses 177 , time is about 30min, this treatment can cause brittle plastic cracking. Therefore , do not need plastic washers can be applied only some parts of phosphate / E- coat system.Aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy washers can also improve the assembly galvanic corrosion in some way . The biggest advantage of aluminum is injury much higher than the strength of aluminum plastic and therefore able to withstand during assembly process .2 Summary As for fuel consumption and e
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