英语形容词和副词的用法讲解.ppt

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1、英语形容词和副词的用法讲解,4.1 形容词及其用法,形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1） 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。如：hot 热的,2） 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。如：afraid 害怕的 ()He is an ill man. ()The man is ill. ()She is an afraid girl. ()The

2、girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake等。,3） 形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后。如： something nice 4.2 以-ly结尾的形容词 1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。如： friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：() She sang lovely. () He spoke to

3、me very friendly.,（） Her singing was lovely. （） He spoke to me in a very. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。如：daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early.The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily. 4.3 用形容词表示类别和整体 1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry Th

4、e poor are losing hope.,4.4 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序,多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别-名词 a small round tablea tall gray buildinga dirty old brown shirta famous German medical schoolan expensive Japanese sports car,4.5 副词及其基本用法,副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置： 1） 在动词之前。 2） 在be动词、助动词之后。 3） 多

5、个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 注意：,a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。 He speaks English well. 二、副词的排列顺序：1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。,2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully. 3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间

6、副词。 注意：副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错：() I very like English.() I like English very much. 注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。,I dont know him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat. 4.6 兼有两种形式的副词 1） close与closely close意思是“近”；closely意思是“仔细地” He

7、is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.,2） late 与lately late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近” You have come too late. What have you been doing lately？ 3） deep与deeply deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地” He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.,4） high与highly high表

8、示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5） wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方” He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.,6） free与freely free的意思是“ 免费”；freely 的意思是“无限制地” You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You m

9、ay speak freely; say what you like. 4.7 as+形容词或副词原级+as 1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。 He cannot run so/as fast as you.,2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 as +形容词+ a +单数名词 as + many/much +名词 a.This is as good an example as the other is. b.I can carry as much paper as you can. 3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。 a.This room is t

10、wice as big as that one. b.Your room is the same size as mine.,4）倍数+ as + adj. + as倍数+ then + of a. This bridge is three times as long as that one. b. This bridge is three times the length of that one. c. Your room is twice as large as mine. d. Your room is twice the size of mine.,4.8 比较级形容词或副词 + th

11、an,You are taller than I. They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine. 注意： 1）要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. (对) He is clever than his brother.,2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 () China is larger that any country in Asia. () China is larger t

12、han any other countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.,4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。 比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia？ Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia？ She is taller than

13、 her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.,4.9 可修饰比较级的词,1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等 2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。,4.10 many , old 和 far,1) 如果后接名词时，much more +不可数名词、many more +可数名词复数 2) old 有两

14、种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest和elder/eldest。elder，eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。 My elder brother is an engineer. Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 3) far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father 表示距离，further表示进一步。 I have nothing further to say.,4.11 the + 最高级 + 比较范围,1) The Sahara is the biggest desert

15、 in the world. 形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.,注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 ()Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. ()Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, al

16、most This hat is nearly/almost the biggest. 注意：a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent.,3) 句型转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class. 4) “否定词语+比

17、较级”，“否定词语+ so as”结构表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.,4.12 和more有关的词组,1) the more the more越就越 The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 2) more B than A与其说A不如说B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work.,3) no more than 与一样，不比多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor. no less than与一样 He is no less diligent than you. 4) more than不只是，非常 She is more than kind to us all,