2022年考博英语-东华大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷96

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1、2022年考博英语-东华大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Faced with the _ difficulties, they are determined to carry on their program.问题1选项A.satisfactoryB.attributableC.innocentD.intangible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项satisfactory“满意的”；B项attributable“可归于的、可归属的”；C项innocent“无辜的、无罪的”；D项intangible“无形的、触摸不到的”；句意：面对无形的困难，他们决心把计划进行下

2、去。因此该题D项正确。2. 单选题A drunk man walked in, _ in appearance.问题1选项A.repulsiveB.reluctantC.reproachfulD.reputed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项repulsive“可憎的、排斥的”；B项reluctant“不情愿的”，常与to搭配构成不定式；C项reproachful“责备的、指责的”；D项reputed“享有声望的”；句意：一个醉汉走了进来，面目可憎。因此该题A项正确。3. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are required to write a

3、composition in about 200 words under the following title.Environmental protection and Sustainable Development【答案】Environmental protection and Sustainable DevelopmentAlong with the economic development, living standards enhancement, the environment question becomes a focal point which gradually attra

4、cts peoples attention. In China, this problem is rather different because of our heavy population and rapid development. Therefore, our government put the environmental protection up as a basic state policy. And then, I would like to talk about the environmental protection of our country.In my opini

5、on, the protection of environment is a step-by-step progress, we need patient and care. There are the ways and suggestions of protecting the environment. The first one is to make a synchronization of the build and protect of environment. Protect the animals, plants, forests and water together instea

6、d of merely deal with the damaged ones. This can make our environment sustainable and provide continuous recourses. Secondly, improve peoples enthusiasm of protecting the environment. Peoples sense of environmental protection and their attendance are the most important parts. We can do more advertis

7、ements and let people know more about this. Thirdly, make the laws of this part more complete. If we want to make a difference in the protection of environment, we need the support of laws, and they can be our guarantee.We should know the importance of environmental protection and keep it clear. It

8、is in relationship with the development of our economic, the progress of the society and the health of people. With the responsibility of our society, we should do it well and make our environment more clean and comfortable.4. 单选题Although he is very rich, his undutiful children are the _ of his life

9、.问题1选项A.torchB.tormentC.topicD.topper【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项torch“火把、火炬”；B项torment“折磨、痛苦”；C项topic“主题”；D项topper“第一流人物、大礼帽”；句意：虽然他很有钱，但他那些不孝顺的孩子是他生活中的折磨。因此该题B项正确。5. 单选题Before he started the work, I asked the builder to give me an _ of the cost of repairing the roof.问题1选项A.assessmentB.estimateC.announcement

10、D.evaluation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项assessment“估计、评定”；B项estimate“估价、判断”；C项announcement“公告、宣告”；D项evaluation“评价”；句意：在他开始工作之前，我请建筑工人给我估计一下修理屋顶的费用。因此该题B项正确。6. 单选题A man has to make _ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.问题1选项A.supplyB.assuranceC.provisionD.adjustment【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析

11、。A项supply“提供”；B项assurance“保证、保险”；C项provision“供应、准备”；D项adjustment“调整”；句意：一个人必须存下足够的钱来养老。因此该题C项正确。7. 单选题By moving the radar beam around slowly in circles, we can _ the surroundings.问题1选项A.exploreB.exposeC.exploitD.expand【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项explore“探索、探险”；B项expose“暴露”；C项exploit“利用”；D项expand“扩展”；句意：通过缓慢地绕

12、圈移动雷达波束，我们可以探索周围的环境。因此该题A项正确。8. 翻译题吸引大量观众的体育运动，为人们观赏青春的活力、速度和力量提供了一个窗口。它所展示的技能水平强烈地吸引着人们。男性之所以比女性更直接地认同这种运动，是因为他们的童年经历和比赛所展示的阳刚之气。到20世纪70年代初，体育爱好者们对比赛不断增长的兴趣在电视联播中得到了进一步加强，并把职业运动转变成了利润丰厚的商业活动。结果，一些全新的俱乐部联合会雨后春笋般地涌现出来，与现有的体育组织展开竞争，并以诱人的工资来吸引运动员加盟。随着体育变得更像传统的商业活动，越来越多的运动员寻找他们的经纪人，代表他们参加工资谈判。现在，职业体育运动已

13、经进入一个新时代。Directions: In this part you are required to turn the following paragraph into English. Please write it on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】【参考译文】Sports that attract large audiences provide a window on the vigor, speed and power of youth. People are strongly attracted to the skill levels it shows. Men

14、identify with the sport more directly than women because of their childhood experiences and the masculinity of the game.By the early 1970s, fans growing interest in the game was reinforced by television networks and turned professional sports into a lucrative business. As a result, entirely new club

15、 federations sprung up to compete with established sports organizations and lure away players with attractive salaries. As sports become more like a traditional business, more and more athletes seek out their agents to represent them in salary negotiations. Now, professional sports have entered a ne

16、w era.9. 单选题_ the wall, we decided that we should need three tins of paint.问题1选项A.Making upB.Doing upC.Putting upD.Sizing up【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配的用法。A项make up“构成、化妆”；B项do up“扎、捆”；C项put up“举起、建造”；D项size up“判断、估量”；句意：我们估量了一下这面墙，决定需要三罐油漆。因此该题D项正确。10. 单选题At one time, marriages were always_ by the church, but

17、this is not the case now.问题1选项A.sanctifiedB.underpinnedC.scannedD.appreciated【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“sanctified”，意为“认可的，批准的，神圣化的”；B选项“underpinned”，意为“加固的，被加固的”；C选项“scanned”，意为“扫描的”;；D选项“appreciated”，意为“受欢迎的，赞赏的”，句意：过去，婚姻总是受到教会的约束，但现在不是这样了。因此，A选项符合句意。11. 单选题After reading these books, he was _ to the Dar

18、winian theory of evolution.问题1选项A.changedB.convertedC.transferredD.adjusted【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项change“改变、变化”；B项convert“使转变”；C项transfer“转移、调动”；D项adjust“调整、使适应”；be converted to 转变为、皈依；句意：读了这些书之后，他皈依了达尔文的进化论。因此该题B项正确。12. 单选题The measures are little more than_ that will fade fast once investors take a hard

19、 look at them.问题1选项A.blind faithB.window dressingC.good impressionD.winning image【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“blind faith”，意为“盲目的信念”；B选项“window dressing”，意为“装点门面”；C选项“good impression”，意为“好的印象”；D选项“winning image”意为“赢者的形象”，句意：这些措施不过是装点门面，一旦投资者仔细观察，它们很快就会消失。因此，B选项符合句意。13. 单选题According to legal provisions, the p

20、roperties will either _the original owners or else be sold at auction.问题1选项A.commit toB.take toC.romp toD.revert to【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“commit to”，意为“交付，把投入，对作出承诺”，B选项“take to”，意为“带到，养成（做）的习惯”，C选项“romp to”，意为“轻松”，D选项revert to，意为“回复，归还”。句意：根据法律规定，这些财产要么归原有者所有，要么被拍卖。因此，D选项符合句意。14. 单选题_ conflict among c

21、ity-states caused the eventual decline of Greek civilization.问题1选项A.ContinuousB.ContinualC.ConstantD.Contrary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项continuous“连续不断的”，指整个事发的过程都没有中断；B项continual“持续不断的”，指一再的、频繁的、反复发生的；C项constant“不变的、恒定的”；D项contrary“相反的、对立的”；句意：城邦国家之间频繁的冲突导致希腊文明最终衰落。因此该题B项正确。15. 翻译题人类是一个不断自然进化过程的产物，其中包括无数次的

22、遗传转化：这一不可阻挡的进程自45亿年前地球形成以来就一直未曾间断过。这一进化过程，受环境因素的影响，经过随机突变，形成了更具适应性的系统，从而保证了其连续性。在动物世界，这导致了更高级物种的进化，并在人类身上达到了极致，因为人类已经获得了创新思维的能力。我认为这标志着进化进入了一个非常重要的阶段，使一个物种首次有能力掌握了自身命运。Directions: In this part you are required to translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. Please write it on the Ans

23、wer Sheet.【答案】Human beings are the product of a continuous process of natural evolution, including numerous genetic transformations: an inexorable process that has been going on uninterrupted since the earth formed 4.5 billion years ago. This evolutionary process, influenced by environmental factors

24、, through random mutation, formed a more adaptable system, thus ensuring its continuity. In the animal world, this has led to the evolution of higher species, culminating in humans, who have acquired the ability to think creatively, think this marks a very important stage in evolution, the first tim

25、e a species has been able to control its own destiny.16. 单选题A historic change is taking place in higher education. Professors are being held responsible as never before for how well they serve students. It has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade professors as for prof

26、essors to grade students. In fact student ratings (评价) have become the most widely used and in many cases the only important information on teaching effectiveness. In comparing three studies of the same 600 middle and high schools in more than thirty states it was found that the number of schools us

27、ing student ratings to evaluate (评估) teachers had climbed from 29 percent to 68 percent to 86 percent. No other method of evaluation got that degree of usage and other studies have found similar results.One reason that student evaluations of teachers have become so popular is that they are easy to c

28、arry out and to score. But they are also easy to abuse. If they are expected to throw meaningful light on teachers performance the ratings must be used in a way that shows at least some of what weve learnt about them from research and from experience.Research and experience have shown us, for exampl

29、e, that student ratings should never be the only basis for evaluating teaching effectiveness. There is much more to teaching than what is evaluated on student rating forms. When ratings are used, we know that students should not be expected to judge whether the materials used in a course are up to d

30、ate or how well the teacher knows the subject matter of the course.These judgments require professional background and are best left to the professors colleagues. On the other hand, students should be asked to estimate what they have learned in a course, and to report on such things as a professors

31、ability to communicate at the students level, professional behavior in the classroom, relationship with students, and ability to arouse interest in the subject.1. The central idea of the passage is that_.2. Which statement is TRUE?3. In student ratings are the following questions can be asked EXCEPT

32、: _.4. The sentence in the thirdsecond paragraph “But they also are also easy to abuse” means_.问题1选项A.student ratings are the only source of information on teaching effectivenessB.ratings have become the most widely used source of information on teaching effectivenessC.beside student ratings, there

33、are other methods to evaluate teachersD.student ratings are very popular and should be properly used问题2选项A.Student evaluations of teachers are popular because they are extremely accurate.B.In student ratings, students should not be asked questions that require professional background.C.Student ratin

34、gs can be used under any circumstances.D.All colleges are inclined to use student ratings to evaluate teachers.问题3选项A.Can the teacher make himself easily understood?B.How does the teacher deal with students?C.Is what is taught new?D.Are students interested in what is taught?问题4选项A.teachers are easy

35、to be misunderstoodB.teachers are easy to be wrongedC.student ratings can easily be put to wrong useD.student ratings can easily be made use of to attack teachers【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】：主旨大意题。通读全文，可得知本文主要讲述的是学生评估在对教师进行测评中的广泛应用及如何正确地使用这种测评方式，因此选项D最能概括文章大意。选项A和选项B，根据原文可以定位到第一段的第四三句“In fac

36、t student ratings (评价) have become the most widely used and in many cases the only important information on teaching effectiveness.”选项本身说法正确，但过于片面，不足以概括全文。根据原文“No other method of evaluation got that degree of usage and other studies have found similar results.”可得知选项C说法错误。2.【试题解析】事实细节题。选项B可以定位到原文的第四三

37、段的首句“These judgments require professional background and are best left to the professors colleagues. ”可得知这些专业性的背景问题最好留给同事们回答而不是学生，即符合B选项。3.【试题解析】判断推理题。由文章末第三段第三句中的“students should not be expected to judge whether the materials used in a course are up to date”可知，不能问学生“老师教授的东西是否新颖”这样的问题。因此，答案为C。4.【试题解

38、析】判断推理题。根据题干引用的这句话可以定位到原文中的第二三段，“If they are expected to throw meaningful light on teachers performance the ratings must be used in a way that shows at least some of what weve learnt about them from research and from experience. ”可得知，如果他们被期望为教师的表现提供有意义的说明，那么评级的使用必须至少表明我们从研究和经验中所了解到的一些情况。而不是说随意评级。可推断

39、出评级很容易会被误用。因此答案为选项C。17. 单选题In _ times, human beings did not travel for pleasure, but to find a more favorable climate.问题1选项A.primitiveB.primeC.preliminaryD.primary【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“primitive”，意为“原始的；远古的”；B选项“prime”，意为“主要的；最好的；基本的”；C选项“preliminary”，意为“初步的；开始的；预备的”；D选项“primary”，意为“主要的；初级的；基本的”。句意：在

40、_原始_时代，人类长途跋涉不是为了消遣，而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。空格后提到人们长途跋涉是为了寻找适宜的气候，这说明是原始时代，人们不断迁徙，为了寻找适宜的气候来生存。因此A选项符合题意。18. 单选题When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were e

41、asy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being over fished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a centu

42、ry of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the bi

43、omass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is t

44、hat fishing technology has improved. Todays vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded

45、 by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the ear

46、ly days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believ

47、e the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theor

48、y suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.1. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest th

49、at _.2. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worms paper that _.3. By saying these figures are conservative (line 1, in paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that _.4. Dr. Myers and other researcher hold that _.5. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries _.问题1选项A.large animal were vulnerabl

50、e to the changing environmentB.small species survived as large animals disappearedC.large sea animals may face the same threat todayD.slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones问题2选项A.the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%B.there are only half as many fisheries as ther

51、e were 15 years agoC.the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amountD.the number of large predator dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old问题3选项A.fishing technology has improved rapidlyB.then catch-sizes are actually smaller than recordedC.the marine biomass has suffered

52、a greater lossD.the date collected so far are out of date问题4选项A.people should look for a baseline that cant work for a longer timeB.fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomassC.the ocean biomass should restore its original levelD.people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing sit

53、uation问题5选项A.management efficiencyB.biomass levelC.catch-size limitsD.technological application【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】细节推断题。题干意思是“大型史前动物的灭绝暗示什么？”。第一段最后一句Now something similar could be happening in the oceans（现在类似的事情可能正在海洋中发生），由此推断，文中提到史前动物的灭绝是暗示海洋生物也会面临同样的问题。A项“大型动物很容易受到环境的影响”，B项“小

54、物种幸存下来而大物种消失了”和D项“生长缓慢的鱼比生长迅速的鱼更长寿”都不是大型动物灭绝暗示的现象，所以该题C项正确。2.【试题解析】细节推断题。题干意思是“我们从Dr. Myers and Dr. Worms的论文中可以推测出什么？”。根据本题关键词“Dr. Myers and Dr. Worms paper”定位到本文第二段最后一句According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a

55、new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then（根据他们在自然杂志上发表的最新论文，在新渔场开始捕捞的15年内，大型捕食动物（杀死并吃掉其他动物的动物）的生物量平均减少了80%。在一些长期捕鱼的地区，从那时起，它又减少了一半），由此推断，文中提到大型捕食动物平均减少80%，所以可以推测出在一些老的渔场，已经减少了90%。B项“这里的渔场数量只有15年前的一

56、半”说法错误，文中没有渔场数量15年之间的对比；C项“新渔场的渔获量只有原来的20%”说法错误，是指平均下降80%，没有说就只有20%，该说法过于绝对；D项“新渔场的大型捕食者的数量比旧渔场下降得更快”说法错误，根据第二段最后一句可知，应该是旧渔场下降得更快。所以该题A项正确。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“通过说这些数字是保守的（第三段第一行），Worm博士的意思是？”。根据本题直接定位到本文第三段第四句That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real differenc

57、e between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes（这意味着更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕捞，所以现在和过去之间的真正差异可能比捕捞规模变化所记录的更糟糕），由此可知因为科技的进步给捕鱼带来的巨大的方便，但是这些数字是保守估计是因为海洋生物遭受了更大的破坏。A项“捕鱼技术进步很快”是给捕鱼带来了方便，但不符合本题题意；B项“捕鱼量实际上比记录的要小”该说法没有原文依据，原文只提到海洋生物遭受了更大的破坏；D项“到目前为止收集到的日期已经过时了”与本题无关。所

58、以该题C项正确。4.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“迈尔斯博士和其他研究人员认为？”。根据本题关键词“Dr. Myers”定位到本文最后一段第一句Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account（迈尔斯和沃姆博士认为，他们的工作给出了一个正确的基线，未来的管理工作必须加以考虑），由此可知应该要调整捕鱼的基线来改变当前的状态。A项“人们应该寻找一个长期不起作用的基准”说法错误，是要寻找一个有效

59、的基线；B项“渔业应将产量保持在生物量的50%以下”，该说法错误，根据倒数第二句可知应当是保持在50%，而不是50%之下；C项“海洋生物量应该恢复到原来的水平”说法不全面，是要恢复到原始水平的50%。所以该题D项正确。5.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者似乎主要关注大多数渔业的什么？”。A项“管理效率”；B项“生物量水平”；C项“捕获的大小限制”；D项“技术应用”。整篇文章都是围绕海洋生物的量展开的，而且文章中反复出现了“biomass”，所以可知，作者大多关注海洋生物总量的变化。所以该题B项正确。19. 单选题It makes me sick to think of his high

60、ly _ manners.问题1选项A.artisticB.artfulC.artlessD.artificial【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项artistic“艺术的、有美感的”；B项artful“巧妙的、狡猾的”；C项artless“天真的、朴实的”；D项artificial“人造的、仿造的、虚伪的”；句意：我一想到他那矫揉造作的举止就觉得恶心。因此该题D项正确。20. 单选题I could see that my wife was _having that raincoat, whether I approve of it or not.问题1选项A.adequate forB.intent onC.short ofD.deficient in【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“adequate for”，意为“胜任的，适合的”， B选项“intent on”，意为“专心于，决心实行”，C选项“short of”意为“缺乏，不足，除以外”，D选项“deficient in”，意为“不足，缺乏”。句意：不管我赞成与否，我能看出我妻子一心想要那一件雨衣。因此，B选项符合句意。