2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷93

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1、2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Her lecture covered a wide（ ）of topics, ranging from the heated controversy to academic reflection.问题1选项A.extentB.rangeC.collectionD.number【答案】B【解析】句意:她的演讲涉及从激烈的争论到学术反思的广泛话题。考查名词辨析。extent范围；程度（尤指事物延展的范围、高度或距离）；range 范围；幅度（尤指认知、知识、经验或能力方面的范围）;collection采集;收集;nu

2、mber 数字;号码。这里选择B项比较合适，a wide range of topics表示 “广泛话题”。2. 单选题Too many child stars grow up to be unhappy adults. He has to be cautious and not （ ） himself from real life.”问题1选项A.concealB.camouflageC.insulateD.obscure【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项conceal“ 隐藏；隐瞒”；B选项camouflage“伪装，掩饰”；C选项insulate“ 隔离，使孤立”；D选项obscur

3、e“ 使模糊不清，掩盖；隐藏”。句意：太多的童星长大后都并不快乐。他必须小心谨慎但不能将自己隔离现实生活。这里选C项“insulate”比较合适，insulate oneself from real life表示 “将自己隔离现实生活”。3. 单选题Although he thought he was helping us to prepare the dinner, he was actually（ ）the way.问题1选项A.inB.offC.byD.on【答案】A【解析】句意:虽然他以为他是在帮我们准备晚餐，但实际上他是在帮倒忙。考查短语辨析。In the way 妨碍，挡道；off

4、 the way 远离正道;by the way 顺便说一下；on the way 在途中。根据前半句句意 “虽然他以为他是在帮我们准备晚餐”可知A符合句意，这里可以理解为 “帮倒忙”。4. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries envisions theater as emerging out o

5、f myth and ritual.2. Like the stone of Roman wall, which were held together both by the regular design and by the powerful Roman cement, the various parts of the Roman realm were bonded into a massive entity by physical, organizational, and psychological controls.3. When this kind of damaging activi

6、ty is carried out online, how can the offender ever be held accountable for their actions when they are almost entirely untraceable in a virtual world?4. The harmony of man and nature in the flow of the great stream of rhythm makes the Chinese garden more than something merely secular. It is true th

7、at no one would look upon the Chinese garden as a religious structure.5. We anticipate a personal loss will be more painful than an identical gain will be pleasant, so the benefit of winning must be disproportionately large for us to take a bet.【答案】1.人类学家在十九世纪末二十世纪初提出的最为广泛接受的理论认为戏剧是神话和仪式的产物。2.就像通过常规

8、设计和强有力的罗马水泥而结合在一起的罗马城墙上的石头，罗马王国的各个部分通过身体的、组织的和心理的控制而被结合成一个巨大的实体。3.当这种破坏性活动在网上进行时，在虚拟世界中几乎完全无法追查的情况下，如何追究犯罪者的行为责任？4.在有韵律的极好的溪流的流动中人与自然的和谐让中国园林不只是一些世俗的东西。 确实没有人会将中国园林看成是一种宗教的建筑物。5.我们预料，相比一个完全相同的收获带来的愉快，一个人的损失带来的不快更多，因此对我们去打赌而言，获胜的好处一定是不成比例地大的。5. 单选题We should make a clear（ ）between the two scientific t

9、erms for the purpose of our discussion.问题1选项A.separationB.discriminationC.deviationD.distinction【答案】D【解析】句意:为了讨论，我们应该把这两个科学术语明确区分开来。考查名词辨析。separation 分离；距离;法分居；discrimination 歧视；辨别；deviation 偏差；误差；背离；distinction 区分；差别。由关键词“between the two scientific terms在这两个科学术语之间”可知D项符合句意，且能和介词between进行搭配。6. 单选题Th

10、e Space Age（ ）in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.问题1选项A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced【答案】D【解析】句意:太空时代始于1957年10月，当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。考查动词辨析。initiate 开始；创始：发起（及物动词，其后不需跟介词）；originate 起源；发生；embark 着手；从事；上船或飞机；commence 开始（可充当不及物动词，后跟介词in）；着手。空格后有

11、介词in，因此D项正确。7. 单选题Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people（1）believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical（2）by drug（3）. They dont realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco ar

12、e also drugs. This is（4）the more neutral term substance abuse is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse” is often used （5）“drug abuse” to（6）that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully（7）as heroin and cocaine.We live in a society in which t

13、he medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is（8）: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be（9）, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances

14、 taken in（10）will produce（11）effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual（12）. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased （13）, with more and more of the substance（14）to produce the desired effect, and then b

15、y the appearance of unpleasan（15）symptoms when the substance is discontinued.Drugs (substances) that（16）the central nervous system and（17）perception, mood and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depress

16、ants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system,（18）depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their（19）effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psych

17、edelic (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifestation”) because they seemed to（20）alter ones state of consciousness.问题1选项A.seldomB.alwaysC.mistakenlyD.rarely问题2选项A.madeB.takenC.drunkD.eaten问题3选项A.usersB.addictsC.misusesD.eaters问题4选项A.whenB.for whichC.thatD.why问题5选项A.thanB.more thanC.less thanD.ins

18、tead of问题6选项A.ensureB.sureC.assureD.insurer问题7选项A.misusedB.usedC.misuseD.user问题8选项A.perverseB.perspicuousC.pervasiveD.perspicacious问题9选项A.sociableB.affableC.cordialD.social问题10选项A.accessB.excessC.redundancyD.quantity问题11选项A.positiveB.goodC.neutralD.negative问题12选项A.distortionsB.deformationC.distracti

19、onD.distress问题13选项A.toleranceB.intoleranceC.tolerationD.endurance问题14选项A.requiringB.being requiredC.requiredD.having been required问题15选项A.withdrawalB.retractionC.revocationD.annulment问题16选项A.effectB.influenceC.affectD.impact问题17选项A.changeB.influenceC.switchD.transform问题18选项A.andB.orC.meanwhileD.wher

20、eas问题19选项A.primaryB.primalC.majorD.prior问题20选项A.radicallyB.drasticallyC.radiantlyD.dramatically【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:A第8题:C第9题:A第10题:B第11题:D第12题:A第13题:A第14题:C第15题:A第16题:C第17题:A第18题:D第19题:A第20题:A【解析】第1题:考查副词辨析。seldom 很少；always 总是；常常；mistakenly 错误地；曲解地；rarely 很少地；难得；罕有地。该处句意为:很多人错误地认为毒

21、品。故选C。第2题:考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。空格前为some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical (一些种类的药品或一种非法的化学药品)。因此，B项正确。第3题:考查名词辨析。由空格前“an illegal chemical 一种非法的化学药品”的对应可知这里指代“吸毒者”，故B项构成的“drug addicts吸毒者”正确。第4题:语法题。考查从句的引导词。空格前面句意为: They dont realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are al

22、so drugs (他们没有认识到诸如酒精和烟草的常见物质也是毒品)，是解释说明后面 more neutral term substance abuse is now used by many physicians and psychologists (更中性的词（即药物滥用）如今被很多内科医生和心理学家使用)的原因。因此D项正确。第5题:语义题。此处句意为: “substance abuse”这个短语代替“drug abuse”使用。第6题:考查词义辨析。ensure 保证，确保；使安全；sure 确信的；可靠的；必定的；assure 保证；担保；使确信；弄清楚;insure 给保险：确保。

23、空格处应填入一个动词，而且宾语是: substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully (诸如酒精和烟草等物质可以一样有害)。因此C项正确。第7题:语义题。这里是为了解释说明“substance abuse”(药物滥用)，而且空格处应该填入一个动词的过去分词形式表被动。因此A项 “滥用”符合句意。第8题:考查形容词辨析。perverse 堕落的；不正当的；违反常情的；perspicuous 明了的；清晰明白的；易懂的；pervasive 普遍的；到处渗透的；流行的；perspicacious 有洞察力的；聪颖的；敏锐的

24、。该处句意为:我们生活在一个药物的医学和社会用途的社会：用阿司匹林缓解头痛。由此可知C项符合句意。第9题:考查形容词辨析。sociable 社交的；好交际的；友善的；affable 和蔼可亲的；友善的；cordial 热忱的；诚恳的；兴奋的；social 社会的；群居的。这里表示:为了社交而喝酒。因此A项正确。第10题:考查名词辨析。该处表示:首先，大多数物质的使用都会产生影响，如中毒或严重的感知错乱。因此，B项所构成的“in excess (过量，过度)正确。第11题:考查形容词辨析。positive 积极的；肯定的；good 好的；优良的；愉快的；neutral中立的；中性的；negati

25、ve 数负的；消极的；否定的；阴性的；负面的。参照本句句意可知此处表示“负面的影响”。第12题:考查名词辨析。distortion 变形；扭曲；曲解；deformation 变形；distraction 注意力分散；消遣；心烦意乱；distress 危难；不幸；贫困。此题解题可以参照最后一段: .effect on perception, distorting and altering it (对感知有影响，扭曲且改变它)。因此这里表示“感知的扭曲”。第13题:考查名词辨析。tolerance 公差；容忍；【医学】耐药力；耐受性；intolerance （尤指对别人的意见）不宽容；偏执；tol

26、eration 宽容；忍受；endurance 忍耐；持久；耐久。这里表示:药物依赖首先表现为增强。因此A项符合句意。第14题:语法题。考查非谓语。此处是with+主语+动词分词引导伴随状语。而动词require的分词与逻辑主语substance (药物)之间是被动关系，因此用require的过去分词形式。第15题:考查固定搭配。withdrawal symptoms表示 “断症状；脱瘾综合征”，因此A项正确。第16题:考查动词辨析。effect 使发生；引起；实现；使生效；influence 影响（可以是好的或坏的影响）；改变；affect 影响（侧重不好的影响）；感染：感动；impact

27、撞击；对产生影响（一般与on搭配使用）。空格后为“the central nervous system中枢神经系统”，由此可知C项正确。第17题:考查动词辨析。Change 改变；influence 影响；switch 转换；transform 变换；转化；使改变（思想、性格等）。 此题解题可参考最后一段:.effect on perception, distorting and altering it(对感知有影响，扭曲且改变它)，由此可知这里表示“改变感知”。第18题:考查连词辨析。由空格前 “speed up or activate the central nervous system

28、(加速或激活中枢神经系统)”与空格后“(slow it down)使其慢下来”可知前后属于转折关系。因此D项“然而”正确。第19题:考查形容词辨析。primary 主要的；初级的；基本的;primal 首要的；原始的；最初的;major重要的；主修的；较多的；prior优先的；在前的。这里表示“迷幻药对感知的影响”，因此A符合句意。第20题:考查副词辨析。radically 根本上；彻底地；以激进的方式；drastically 彻底地；激烈地；radiantly 清朗地；辉煌地；dramatically 显著地；剧烈地。该句表示: 这些药物通常被称为迷幻药（来自希腊语，意思是“精神显现”），因

29、为它们似乎改变了一个人的意识状态。因此A符合句意。8. 单选题The other day an acquaintance of mine, a gregarious and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly alone in New York for an hour or two between appointments. He went to the Whitney and spent the empty” time looking at things in solitary bills. For him it p

30、roved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone.What had he been afraid of, I asked myself? That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet? But having taken the plunge,

31、 he is now on the brink of adventure; he is about to be launched into his own inner space, space as immense, unexplored, and sometimes frightening as outer space to the astronaut. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original. For anyone who ca

32、n see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, something of a genius. With another human being present vision becomes double vision, inevitably. We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it? The original impact gets lost, or d

33、iffused.“Music I heard with you was more than music”. Exactly. And therefore music itself can only be heard alone. “Solitude is the salt of personhood. It brings out the authentic flavor of every experience.”“Alone one is never lonely: the spirit adventures, walking in a quiet garden, in a cool hous

34、e, abiding single there.”Loneliness is most acutely felt with other people, for with others, even with a lover sometimes, we suffer from our differences of taste, temperament, and mood. Human intercourse often demands that we soften the edge of perception, or withdraw at the very instant of personal

35、 truth for fear of hurting, or of being inappropriately present, which is to say naked, in a social situation. Alone we can afford to be wholly whatever we are, and to feel whatever we feel absolutely. That is a great luxury!For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been

36、that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasing rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, lie down in the afternoon for a long

37、think (why does one think better in a horizontal position?), read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness.1.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that（ ）.2.Which of the following statements about loneliness is correct?3.By saying “solitude is the salt of personhood” (Paragrph3) the a

38、uthor means that（ ）.4.The best title for this passage can be “（ ）”.5.The tone of the author can best be described as（ ）.问题1选项A.the experience of being alone offers one a chance to look into the selfB.its human nature to be adventurousC.double vision is better than single vision.D.solitude can make o

39、ne genius问题2选项A.People among others are more prone loneliness than people alone.B.People who feel lonely are those who are alone.C.Loneliness helps one to be himself.D.Married people are never lonely.问题3选项A.solitude adds flavor to lifeB.people can better enjoy life with solitudeC.people can experien

40、ce everything in life as it really is in solitudeD.people will be more experienced with solitude问题4选项A.Inner Space and Outer SpaceB.Loneliness and Its CureC.Blissful SolitudeD.Solitude and Human Intercourse问题5选项A.criticalB.satiricalC.exasperatedD.meditative【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:判断推理题。

41、A:孤独的经历可以让人探寻内在的自己。第二段指出: But having taken the plunge, he is now on the brink of adventure; he is about to be launched into his own inner space,His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and. for a time, seem startlingly original (但是有了这次尝试，他便要开始探险了，即将发射到自己内心的宇宙之中,他的所见所感对他来说将是全新的，一度会新

42、颖得让人惊奇)。由此推断A项“孤独的经历可以让人探寻内在的自己”正确。B:人类天生有探险精神，此项属于过度推断。C:双重看法好于单个看法，此项与第二段意思相反。D:孤独可以成就天才，与原文所述不符。因此本题选A。第2题:细节事实题。A:与别人待在一起，比单独时孤独感更为强烈。第五段第一句指出: Loneliness is most acutely felt with other people, for with others, even with a lover sometimes, we suffer from our differences of taste, temperament, a

43、nd mood (与别人待在一起时孤独感更为强烈，因为与他人在一起，即使是恋人，我们也会被不同的品味，不同的性格，以及不同的情绪所困扰)。因此，A项正确。B:有孤独感的人是孤独的人，此项与原文不符。C:孤独能让人做自己，此项与原文不符，文章只是说孤独能让自己感受真正的自我。D:已婚者永远不会孤独，与文章不符。第3题:判断推理题。A:孤独可以增加生活韵味。第三段最后一句指出:It brings out the authentic flavor of every experience (它让人感受到所有经历的真实韵味)。由此可推断the salt of personhood指的是“增加韵味”，因此

44、A项正确。B: 孤独时，人们可以享受更好的生活。此项本身正确，但是不符合题干要求。C:只有在真正孤独时，人们才能经历所有的事情，此项不符合原文。D:人们因孤独而经历丰富，此项同样本身正确，但是不符合题干要求。第4题:主旨大意题。全文的大意为:独居但不孤独，与别人待在一起时孤独感更为强烈。因此C项“幸福的孤独”比较适合做文章标题。第5题:观点态度题。文章讨论的是孤独带给人的好处。独居但不孤独，与别人呆在一起时孤独感更为强烈。因此，D项“深思的”正确。9. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following sentences into English and write

45、 your answers on the Answer Sheet.1.由于生产这类产品需要大量的设备和高水平的技术，因此我们要寻求实力雄厚的大公司的合作，使样品尽快转化为商品。2.二十世纪向二十一世纪的过渡时期，恰好为美国的教育事业提供了一个重温历史，重新对科学承担义务的机会。3.人们必须十分重视良好的饮食习惯，虽说正确的饮食习惯不能根除世界上的癌症，但它 有利于减少患癌症的风险。4.虽然主要是母亲决定了配偶中吸引我们的品质，但却是父亲影响我们如何与异性接触。5.我们现在必须摆脱头脑中的一个观念，即认为唯有在工作中“晋升”才是获得认可和 更高收入的方向。【答案】1. Since the pr

46、oduction of such products requires a large amount of equipment and high level of technology, we should look for big and strong companies to work with us to commercialize the specimen as early as possible.2. It is a good opportunity for the United States to review history and regain scientific duty d

47、uring the transition from 20th century to 21st century.3. People must pay great attention to good eating habits. Although the right diet will not eradicate cancer in the world, it can help reduce the risk of cancer.4. While it is primarily the mother who determines the qualities that attract us in a

48、 mate, it is the father who influences how we interact with the opposite sex.5. We must now get rid of the idea that promotion at work is a way to obtain recognition and higher pay.10. 单选题Our multimillion nerve-cell central nervous system has its roots in the scattered nerve cells of tiny, lowly org

49、anisms that lived in water half a billion years ago. Nerve cells evidently first appeared in coelenterates “hollow-gutted” organisms like the hydra and the sea anemone. A coelenterates nerve network lacks any kind of centralized control. This probably began with flatworms - the first creature to pos

50、sess a head.Specialized sense cells help flatworms respond more flexibly than sea anemones to outside stimuli. But like most animals without a backbone, flatworms act almost by instinct and reflex.Intelligent behavior remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big, complex types of brain

51、 the types we find among the backboned animas or vertebrates. The tiniest fish has a larger brain than the largest insect. But the development of a fishs three-part brain reflects that beasts unintellectual priorities. Much of the forebrain deals only with smell. The midbrain handles vision and the

52、hindbrain balance.With early mammals the brain grew larger and more complex. Sense coordination shifted from the midbrain to the forebrain, a developing structure capped by folded cerebrum to handle memory and learning. Meanwhile the hindbrain gained a large cerebellum to coordinate complicated move

53、ments.Advanced mammals such as monkeys, apes and human (the primates) have brains derived from ancestors that took to living in the trees, where vision mattered more than smell. Accordingly the once big “smell part of the forebrain grew smaller, while the part that handles vision grew much larger.1.

54、With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?2.The hydra is a kind of（ ）.3.In the last paragraph, the phrase “took to” could best be replaced by which of the following?4.It can be inferred from the passage that insects do not have（ ）.5.According to the passage, what helps to coordinate the comple

55、x physical activity of a mammal?问题1选项A.The sensory organs of invertebrates.B.The anatomy of tiny organismsC.The origin of the brain and central nervous system.D.The importance of vision for fish and advanced animals.问题2选项A.flatwormB.coelenterateC.sea anemoneD.nerve cell问题3选项A.beganB.fled toC.carried

56、 toD.became friendly toward问题4选项A.brainsB.backbonesC.nerve cellsD.reflexes问题5选项A.The cerebellumB.The forebrainC.The cerebrumD.The midbrain【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲中枢神经系统和大脑的起源，因此C项正确。第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词hydra定位至第一段“hollow-gutted” organisms like the hydra and the sea anemone”(诸如水螅

57、和海葵等腔肠动物)。由此可知，B项 “腔肠动物”正确。第3题:词义题。对于短语“took to”的理解可参考句子: Advanced mammals such as monkeys, apes and human (the primates) have brains derived from ancestors that took to living in the trees (先进的哺乳动物，如猴子、猿和人类（灵长类动物）的大脑是由祖先进化而来的，它们在树上生活)，take to本意为 “开始从事”。第4题:判断推理题。第三段指出: The tiniest fish has a larger

58、 brain than the largest insect (最微小的鱼相比最大的昆虫有更大的头脑)。由此可知，A项 “大脑”正确。第5题:细节事实题。题干为:由文章可知，什么有助于协调哺乳动物复杂的身体活动?倒数第二段指出: Meanwhile the hindbrain gained a large cerebellum to coordinate complicated movements (同时，后脑获得了巨大的小脑来协调复杂的运动)。由此可知A项“小脑”正确。11. 单选题Although the end of the term was close（ ）, Jim had not

59、completed all of the projects he had hoped to finish.问题1选项A.on handB.by handC.at handD.in hand【答案】C【解析】句意:尽管学期快结束了，吉姆还没有完成他希望完成的所有项目。考查短语辨析。on hand 在手边;在场;by hand 用手；at hand 在手边；即将到来；in hand 在手头；在进行中；在控制中。这里表示“学期快结束了”，故选C。12. 单选题Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was

60、busy （ ） for her examination.问题1选项A.to prepareB.to be preparedC.preparingD.being prepared【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be busy in doing sth.表示 “忙于做某事”，因此C项正确。句意：Jean昨晚没有时间去听音乐会是因为她忙着准备她的考试。13. 单选题Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do th

61、is is to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and “apricot leather”.All foods including water -cabbage and other leaf vegetables contains as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish, anything from 80% to 60%, depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked.Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain a