2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷70

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1、2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your answers on Answer Sheet.The Tomb Sweeping Day is one of the traditional Chinese holidays. It typically falls on April 4, 5, or 6 of the solar calendar. This festival was originally celebrate

2、d for the revival of nature. It marked the beginning of the planting season and other outdoor activities. At that time, people celebrated it with dancing, singing, picnics, and spring outing. Later it graduated into a day to honor past ancestors. Today, all the Chinese sweep their late ancestors tom

3、bs when the festival comes. Tomb sweeping activities usually include weeding and earthing up the tombs, offering sacrifices, burning spirit money, shooting off firecrackers and so on.【答案】清明节是中国的传统节日之一。它通常是在阳历的4月4日、5日或6日。这个节日最初是为了庆祝大自然的复兴并且标志着种植季节和其他户外活动的开始。在这个节日里，人们以跳舞、唱歌、野餐和春游来庆祝它。后来它逐渐演变成纪念祖先的日子。如

4、今，每逢清明节来临，所有的中国人都会为先人扫墓。扫墓活动通常包括除草、掘土、祭祀、烧纸钱、放鞭炮等。2. 填空题Directions: In each of the following sentences, there is one part that is grammatically incorrect. Mark out the erroneous part and then put the correct form in the brackets following the sentence.36. Basing on the research of the foreign langua

5、ge, this paper concludes the ways to learn English well. （ ）37. Nations, sensing a threat of their economies, tried to take actions to protect themselves. （ ）38. The fund was designed to encouraging the growth of international trade by stabilizing currencies. （ ）39. How many life insurance does the

6、average person buy? （ ）40. Sports in America take a various of forms: organized competitive struggles, athletic games and hunting and fishing. （ ）【答案】36.basingbased37.economieseconomy38.encouragingencourage39.manymuch40.variousvariety【解析】36.非谓语动词应该和句子的主语保持一定的逻辑关系，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，发出base这个动作的施动者是人，所以应

7、该使用过去分词-ed形式。37.这里的主语是nations “国家”，所以economy在这里是“经济体制，经济状况”的意思，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。38.to在作介词时，没有表目的的意义，这里的to是与后面的动词原形组合在一起组成不定式，所以encouraging应该用动词原形encourage。39.life insurance“人寿保险”这个名词是不可数名词，所以不能用how many修饰，应该把many改为much。40.various是形容词，可以直接修饰名词，而of前面的词一般都是名词，所以这里应该用variety。3. 单选题International governments

8、, inaction concerning sustainable development is clearly worrying but the proactive (主动出击的)approaches of some leading-edge companies are encouraging. Toyota, Wal-Mart, DuPont, M&S and General Electric have made tackling environmental wastes a key economic driver.DuPont committed itself to a 65% redu

9、ction in greenhouse gas emissions in the 10 years prior to 2010. By 2007, DuPont was saving $2.2 billion a year through energy efficiency, the same as its total declared profits that year. General Electric aims to reduce the energy intensity of its operations by 50% by 2015. They have invested heavi

10、ly in projects designed to change the way of using and conserving energy.Companies like Toyota and Wal-Mart are not committing to environmental goals out of the goodness of their hearts. The reason for their actions is a simple yet powerful realization that the environmental and economic footprints

11、fit well together. When M&S launched its “Plan A” sustainability programmer in 2007, it was believed that it would cost over 200 million in the first five years. However, the initiative had generated 105 million by 2011/12.When we prevent physical waste, increase energy efficiency or improve resourc

12、e productivity, we save money, improve profitability and enhance competitiveness. In fact, there are often huge “quick win” opportunities, thanks to years of neglect.However, there is a considerable gap between leading-edge companies and the rest of the pack. There are far too many companies still d

13、elaying creating a lean and green business system, arguing that it will cost money or require sizable capital investments. They remain stuck in the “environment is cost” mentality. Being environmentally friendly does not have to cost money. In fact, going beyond compliance saves cost at the same tim

14、e that it generates cash, provided that management adopts the new lean and green model.Lean means doing more with less. Nonetheless, in most companies, economic and environmental continuous improvement is viewed as being in conflict with each other. This is one of the biggest opportunities missed ac

15、ross most industries. The size of the opportunity is enormous. The 3% Report recently published by World Wildlife Fund and CDP shows that the economic prize for curbing carbon emissions in the US economy is $780 billion between now and 2020. It suggests that one of the biggest levers for delivering

16、this opportunity is “increased efficiency through management and behavioral change” in other words, lean and green management.Some 50 studies show that companies that commit to such aspirational goals as zero waste, zero harmful emissions, and zero use of non-renewable resources are financially outp

17、erforming their competitors. Conversely, it was found that climate disruption is already costing $1.2 trillion annually, cutting global GDP by 1.6%. Unaddressed, this will double by 2030.11. What does the author say about some leading-edge companies?12. What motivates Toyota and Wal-Mart to make com

18、mitments to environmental protection?13. Why are so many companies reluctant to create an environment-friendly business system?14. What is said about the lean and green model of business?15. What is the finding of the studies about companies committed to environmental goals?问题1选项A.They operate in ac

19、cordance with government policies.B.They take initiatives in handling environmental wastes.C.They are key drivers in their nations economic growth.D.They are major contributors to environmental problems.问题2选项A.The goodness of their hearts.B.A strong sense of responsibility.C.The desire to generate p

20、rofits.D.Pressure from environmentalists.问题3选项A.They are bent on making quick money.B.They do not have the capital for the investment.C.They believe building such a system is too costly.D.They lack the incentive to change business practices.问题4选项A.It helps businesses to save and gain at the same tim

21、e.B.It is affordable only for a few leading-edge companies.C.It is likely to start a new round of intense competition.D.It will take a long time for all companies to embrace it.问题5选项A.They have greatly enhanced their sense of social responsibility.B.They do much better than their counterparts in ter

22、ms of revenues.C.They have abandoned all the outdated equipment and technology.D.They make greater contributions to human progress than their rivals.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】11.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段最后一句Toyota, Wal-Mart, DuPont, M&S and General Electric have made tackling environmental wastes

23、 a key economic driver.（丰田（Toyota）、沃尔玛（Wal-Mart）、杜邦（DuPont）、玛莎百货（M&S）和通用电气（General Electric）都把处理环境垃圾作为一项关键的经济驱动力。），由此可知B选项“他们在处理环境废物方面采取行动”正确。A选项“他们按照政府政策运作”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“他们是国家经济增长的主要驱动力”，见正确选项，是把垃圾处理作为经济发展的推动因素，不是这些公司是该国经济发展的关键推动力，所以C选项错误，这里属于曲意理解；D选项“他们是环境问题的主要贡献者”，定位到第二段第二句By 2007, DuPont wa

24、s saving $2.2 billion a year through energy efficiency, the same as its total declared profits that year.（到2007年，杜邦每年通过提高能源效率节省了22亿美元，与当年公布的利润总额相同），从这里可知这些公司对经济的贡献是对其自身来说的不是对其国家来说，这里属于张冠李戴，所以不选。12.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第一二句Companies like Toyota and Wal-Mart are not committing to environmental goals o

25、ut of the goodness of their hearts. The reason for their actions is a simple yet powerful realization that the environmental and economic footprints fit well together.（丰田（Toyota）和沃尔玛（Wal-Mart）等公司并非出于好心而致力于环保目标。他们这样做的原因很简单，但也很有力地认识到，环境足迹和经济足迹是相辅相成的），由此可知C选项“对利益的渴望”正确。A选项“他们出于好心”，见正确选项解析，由这里可以看出A选项错误，

26、属于无中生有；B选项“强烈的责任感”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“来自环保主义者的压力”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有。13.推理判断题，第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第五段第三句They remain stuck in the “environment is cost” mentality.（他们仍然停留在“环境就是成本”的心态中），从这里可以推断C选项正确“他们认为建立这样一个系统太昂贵了”。A选项“他们一心想赚快钱”，定位到第四段最后一句In fact, there are often huge “quick win” opportunities, thanks to years o

27、f neglect.这里的quick win是指多年来很多公司对环境有疏忽，就导致那些先采用环保计划的公司更能够快速的获得意想不到的收获，这里不是公司不愿意采取行动的原因，属于出处错误，不选；B选项“他们没有投资的资本”，定位到第六段第一二句话Lean means doing more with less. Nonetheless, in most companies, economic and environmental continuous improvement is viewed as being in conflict with each other. This is one of

28、the biggest opportunities missed across most industries.（精益意味着用更少的钱做更多的事。然而，在大多数公司中，经济和环境的持续改善被认为是相互冲突的。这是大多数行业错失的最大机遇之一。），从这里关键词，most industries可知其实很多公司是承担得起的，只是觉得会减少自己的利益，所以不愿意去做，所以B选项错误，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“他们缺乏改变商业惯例的动机”，文章没有提及，这里属于无中生有，所以不选。14.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第五段最后一句话In fact, going beyond compliance

29、saves cost at the same time that it generates cash, provided that management adopts the new lean and green model.（事实上，如果管理层采用新的精益和绿色模式，超越合规可以在节约成本的同时产生现金），从这里可知答案选A选项“它帮助企业省钱，同时获利”。B选项“只有少数领先的公司才负担得起”，定位到第六段第一二句话Lean means doing more with less. Nonetheless, in most companies, economic and environmen

30、tal continuous improvement is viewed as being in conflict with each other. This is one of the biggest opportunities missed across most industries.（精益意味着用更少的钱做更多的事。然而，在大多数公司中，经济和环境的持续改善被认为是相互冲突的。这是大多数行业错失的最大机遇之一。），从这里关键词，most industries可知其实很多公司是承担得起的，只是觉得会减少自己的利益，所以不愿意去做，所以B选项错误，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“这可能会引发新一

31、轮激烈的竞争”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“所有公司都需要很长时间才能接受它”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。15.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第七段第一句话Some 50 studies show that companies that commit to such aspirational goals as zero waste, zero harmful emissions, and zero use of non-renewable resources are financially outperforming their competitors（大约50项研究表明，那些

32、致力于实现零浪费、零有害排放、零使用不可再生资源等雄心勃勃的目标的公司，在财务上胜过竞争对手），B选项“在收入方面，他们比同行做得更好”是该句的同义替换，所以答案选B。A选项“他们的社会责任感大大增强了”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“他们已经放弃了所有过时的设备和技术”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“他们比他们的对手对人类进步做出更大的贡献”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。4. 单选题Less than two months into her breast cancer treatment, Alexandra Jn-Charles was called into a new ro

33、om at SUNY Downstate Medical Center, where two treating physicians, the chief medical officer and an attorney representing the hospital told her that mistakes had been made.The skin lesions (病变) on her chest, they said, had been caused not by her illness but by the machine that was supposed to cure

34、her. The 32-year-old had received nearly 30 radiotherapy sessions, but at this point it didnt really make sense to count them, because a programming error had caused each installment to deliver at least three times the prescribed amount of radiation.Jn-Charles, who died two and a half years after th

35、is meeting in 2005, would eventually come to exemplify theemergence of accidental over-radiation in U.S. hospitals. The worst off have reported skin damage, inexplicable hair loss and ribs (肋骨) buckling beneath their chests debilitating injuries suffered while undergoing screening or treatment for s

36、omething that would otherwise kill them. A steep price for survival.These tragedies go to the core of an issue as pressing as it is uncomfortable to think about: Have advances in technology, improved treatment methods and more comprehensive screening protocols led to systematic, excessive irradiatio

37、n of patients?The answer, according to a growing number of health experts, is yes. For example, the CT scan, which has become commonplace in response to rising cancer rates, is itself thought to increase the likelihood that a person develops cancer. The scans deliver several hundred times more radia

38、tion than an X-ray even when guidelines and dosages are followed precisely. “What we do as physicians arguably harms people,” James Ehrlich, a clinical associate professor at the University of Colorado and an adviser for Premier Micronutrient Corp., told Newsweek.A jarring example of that came in 20

39、10, when Walt Bogdanich published an extensive review in The New York Times that listed numerous patients whose lives had been destroyed by mistakes in hospital imaging and radiotherapy. Shortly after the article series went to press, the Food and Drug Administration began to ramp up its efforts to

40、limit excessive exposure, eventually launching its Initiative to Reduce Unnecessary Radiation Exposure From Medical Imaging.Along with organizations like the American College of Radiology, the FDA now supports a number of so-called dose registries that allow facilities to compare radiation dose inde

41、xes to regional and national values. To date, hundreds of facilities across the U.S. have enrolled.But the FDAs regulatory authority is generally focused on equipment manufacturers, and compliance on the state level is never guaranteed. And even compliant facilities run the risk of over-radiating pa

42、tients: A 2012 paper by the Institute of Medicine found that medical imaging is one of the leading environmental causes of breast cancer_.1. The skin damage on Jn-Charles chest was caused by_.2. What does the author want to explain by exemplifying Jn-Charles?3. What can be learnt about the CT scan?4

43、. What does the word “ramp up” mean?5. The author thinks FDAs solution to reduce radiation exposure is_.问题1选项A.breast cancerB.advanced technologyC.over-radiationD.treatment methods问题2选项A.There is no need to waste so much money for to treat breast cancer.B.Until now, breast cancer is still an incurab

44、le illness around the world.C.There is an increasing number of young people suffering from cancer.D.There are incidents of excessive irradiation of patients in America.问题3选项A.It is a double-edged sword in the term of cancer.B.It has been argued in the medical profession.C.It is much safer to be used

45、 to treat breast cancer.D.The radiation dosages can be controlled easily.问题4选项A.Heat up.B.Draw out.C.Intensify.D.Put up.问题5选项A.ineffectiveB.looseC.harmfulD.unnecessary【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第二段第一句话The skin lesions on her chest, they said, had been caused not by her illn

46、ess but by the machine that was supposed to cure her. The 32-year-old had received nearly 30 radiotherapy session but at this point it didnt really make sense to count them, because a programming error had caused each installment to deliver at least three times the prescribed amount of radiation“他们说

47、：她胸部的皮肤损伤不是因为她的病而是因为应该治好她的机器。这位32岁的患者接受了近30次放疗但在这一点上，没有真正的意义去计算它们，因为一个程序错误导致每个装置提供了至少三倍于规定的辐射量”，第二步，综合理解，由此可知答案选C选项“过度放疗”。A选项“乳腺癌”，见正确选项解析，可知选项错误，属于反向干扰；B选项“先进的科技”，定位到文章第四段第二句话Have advances in technology, improved treatment methods and more comprehensive screening protocols led to systematic, excess

48、ive irradiation of patients?“技术的进步、治疗方法的改进和更全面的筛查方案是否导致了对患者的系统性、过度照射？”文章虽然有提到先进技术，但这不是Jn-Charles胸部受伤的原因，这里属于出处错误；D选项“治疗方法”，见正确选项解析，是因为程序错误导致患者接受了三倍的辐射，所以才造成患者出现灼伤，如果按照规定辐射来可能不会出现这种情况，所以不能选D选项，属于曲解文意。2.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第一句话Jn-Charles, who died two and a half years after this meeting in 2005, woul

49、d eventually come to exemplify the emergence of accidental over-radiation in U.S. hospitals.“在这次会议结束两年半后的2005年，Jn-Charles去世了，他最终成为美国医院意外过度辐射的典型例子”，由此可知答案选D选项“在美国也有病人接受过度照射的案例”。A选项“没有必要浪费这么多钱去治疗乳腺癌”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不能选；B选项“到目前为止，乳腺癌在世界范围内仍是一种不治之症”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不能选；C选项“越来越多的年轻人患癌症”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以

50、不能选。3.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第五段第二句For example, the CT scan, which has become commonplace in response to rising cancer rates, is itself thought to increase the likelihood that a person develops cancer.“例如，CT扫描在应对不断上升的癌症发病率时已变得司空见惯，但它本身被认为会增加一个人患癌症的可能性”，第二步综合理解，从这里可知，在检测是否患癌症时，医生一般会用CT，但是CT会让使用者更容易得癌，所以说C

51、T是把有利有弊的双刃剑，正确答案选A选项“对于癌症来说，这是一把双刃剑”。B选项“医学界对此一直争论不休”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，不选；C选项“用于治疗乳腺癌要安全得多”，定位到第五段倒数第二句话The scans deliver several hundred times more radiation than an X-ray even when guidelines and dosages are followed precisely.“这种扫描产生的辐射量是X射线的数百倍即使严格遵循指导方针和剂量”由此可知C选项错误这里属于反向干扰；D选项“辐射剂量很容易控制”，虽然这里有提到剂

52、量，但是没有提到剂量是否容易控制，而且文章病例是因为过度辐射而造成的，所以文章暗含着其实剂量不容易控制，这里属于无中生有。4.词汇推断题。第一步，句中前后信息连接，ramp up前面接的是一个机构后面接的是努力，第二步，上下文语义推测，整段的大意是一个令人吃惊的案例发表之后获得很大的关注，然后某机构出来推动限制使用辐射，避免患者过多暴露在辐射中，由上下文意可知，该机构在收到反馈之后是加大自己的努力，从这里可知答案选C选项“增强，强化”。A选项“加热，升温”，不符合文章意思，属于无中生有；B选项“拟定，导致”；D选项“提供；建造”。5.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到文章最后一段一二句But

53、 the FDAs regulatory authority is generally focused on equipment manufacturers, and compliance on the state level is never guaranteed. And even compliant facilities run the risk of over-radiating patients“但FDA的监管机构一般只关注设备制造商，无法保证州一级的合规。即使是符合规定的医疗机构也有对病人进行过度辐射的风险”，由此可见作者对FDA所采取的措施有效与否是持否定态度的，所以答案选A选项

54、“无效的”。B选项“松散的”，文章并没有提及FDA在实施这些措施的时候是否严格，所以B选项不能选，属于无中生有；C选项“有害的”，文章没有提到有害之处，属于无中生有；D选项“没必要的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。5. 单选题I know cold. And all you Minnesota people may discount me because I am from Phoenix, but trust me, I know cold. I have climbed the highest peak on each continent (the famed Seven Summits)

55、 and have skied to both the North and South Poles a feat known as the Adventure Grand Slam. Each mountain and polar expedition was very different with the exception of one thing: the cold.Of all the remote places I have been, Antarctica land of the frozen tundra is perhaps my favorite. It also happe

56、ns to be the coldest place on earth. The continent is approximately 98 percent ice and 2 percent rock. Temperatures in the winter have reached 128-below. I have been there twice; once to climb the Vinson Massif and once to ski six-hundred miles from the edge of the western Antarctic ice shelf all th

57、e way to the South Pole. “Why would you want to suffer like that” is a question I get all the time. And sure, there are times when you are feeling like you want to take a break from the frigid conditions and go inside the lodge and get a cup of hot cocoa. but you cant. There is no ski lodge in the m

58、iddle of Antarctica. Theres just you, your 1501b sled which is harnessed to your waist (containing all of your gear and supplies), your teammates (unless you are on a solo trip no thanks) and the cold. So you make peace with the sub-zero temperatures, because youre going to be in them for the better

59、 part of two months.So thinking back on my experiences heres why you should be okay with a couple of days of polar vortex because 1) you can go inside, and 2) because it makes you smarter or at least smarter than the warm weather does. Yep. Good news for those in cities affected by the vortex: cold

60、weather can actually be really good for you. Not just because you burn more fat when its cold, but because your brain works better when its cold. According to an article by Adrian Ward that appeared in Scientific American, it takes more energy to cool your body when its hot than it does to warm it u

61、p when youre cold. The energy comes from glucose. which is also necessary for the brains mental processes. So basically, cooling off when it is hot uses more glucose than warming up when its cold; thus leaving less available glucose for the brain. Therefore, we can assume that cold weather is better

62、 for the brain. Quick everyone go take the MENSA test before the temperature warms up again!1. What do the mountains the author has climbed have in common?2. What can we learn about Antarctica?3. What is not available in the middle of Antarctica?4. Why is cold weather better for the brain?5. We can

63、learn from the test that the MENS A test is a kind of_.问题1选项A.They are all located in the North Pole.B.They are all located in the South Pole.C.They have the same elevations.D.They are all very frigid.问题2选项A.There is about 98% water and 2% ice.B.The temperatures there can reach 128 degree centigrade

64、.C.It is the second coldest place on earth.D.There is a mountain called Vinson Massif.问题3选项A.Ski lodge.B.Sled.C.Supplies.D.Camera.问题4选项A.Because you can burn more fat when it is cold.B.Because you can go inside ski lodges and take a break when it is cold.C.Because you can leave more glucose for the brain when it is cold.D.Because the energy you need for the brain comes from ice.问题5选项A.psychiatric tes