定语从句 (4)

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1、zhengxianlan1.定语从句：定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。饰的先行词之后。定义及相关术语定义及相关术语2.先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。That is the teacher who teaches us English.Those who want to go to the park are girls._（名词）（名词）_（代词）（代词）3.关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。Yesterda

2、y I helped an old man who had lost his way.Football is a game which is liked by most boys.I still remember the day when I first came to this school.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.关系词关系词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词that which who whom whose as 等等when where why等等关系词通常有下列三个作用：关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句引导定语从句；B

3、.代替先行词代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。在定语从句中担当一个成分。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语thatwhichwhowhom关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？何时可以省略？指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语that whichwhowhom关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾做宾语时语时可以省略可以省略Join the following s

4、entences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质the machine a machinethat/which关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质J

5、oin the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.

6、we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl that/who先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系1.A plane is a machine that can fly.2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was

7、brought up by his grandfather.the machine=thatthe boy=whothe boys=whose关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系代词的用法练习关系代词的用法练习1.The eggs were not fresh.I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry.He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese.It comes from his p

8、arents farm.4.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.5.I dont like the people.They smoke a lot.The eggs(that/which)I bought them were not fresh.The friend who/that he came to supper last night was not hungry.He prefers the cheese that/which it comes from his parents farm.The noodles(which/that)y

9、ou cooked them were delicious.I dont like the people that/who they smoke a lot.Istillremember.IcameherethedayonthedayIstillrememberIcameherethedayonthedayIstillremember.IcameherethedayonthedayIstillrememberIcameherethedayonthedaywhenThisisthehouse.IlivedlastyearinthehouseThisisthehouseIlivedlastyear

10、inthehousewhereTherearemanyreasons.Peopleliketravelingformanyreasons.Therearemanyreasonspeopleliketraveling.formanyreasonswhy关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系 I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.I dont like the way

11、 that you speak.on the day=whenin the house=wherefor the reasons=whyin the way=that关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词 Ill never forget the days_we worked together.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.This is th

12、e reason _ he was late.This is the reason _ he gave.when/in whichwhichwhere/in whichwhichwhy/for whichthat/which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词解题点拨解题点拨:看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；若是作看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；若是作状语状语,就用就用where,when,why等等关系副词关系副词；若是作；若是作主语主语、宾语或定语宾语或定语，则用，则用关系代词关系代词that,which,whom,whose等。等。1).a.T

13、he reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.b.The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable.2).a.Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris.b.Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time.why(which/that)when(which/that)关系代词与关系副词的区别关系代词与关系副词的区别返回目录3).a.Is this the factory_

14、we visited last year?b.Is this the house _Lincoln once lived?c.Is this house _ we visited last year?(which/that)where解题点拨解题点拨:看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；若是作若是作状语状语,就用就用where,when,why等等关系副词关系副词；若是作若是作主语主语、宾语或定语宾语或定语，则用，则用关系代词关系代词that,which,whom,whose等。等。the one返回目录难用的难用的 whoseThe teacher prais

15、ed the student.HisEnglish is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose=the students关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格难用的难用的 whoseThe house is mine.The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of

16、 sentences.The house whose window is broken is mine.whose=the houses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken定定语语从从句句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句插入成分插入成分修饰限定修饰限定补充解释补充解释能能不能不能.的的非限制性定

17、语从句非限制性定语从句Please compare:Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略 翻译翻译限制性定限制性定语从句语从句非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr

18、Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略不能省略as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,

19、_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句(1)This is the same pen as I lost.This

20、is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句(2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all lik

21、e it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_made his parents angry.4.He has two sons.Bo

22、th of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.It Thiswhichwhomthem that1.I am reading Harry Porter,_is an interesting book.which3._ is known to all,he is the best student.4.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.Aswhich考点四：考点四：as的用法的用法asthatwhich1.It is such

23、a big stone _ nobody can lift.2.It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.asthat归纳：归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such,the same,so,as 修饰，即构成修饰，即构成suchas,the same as,soas,结构，做题时容易忽结构，做题时容易忽略。略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语：主语、宾语或表语。as 与与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语

24、从句位于句首时，只能用于句首时，只能用 as,意为意为“正如、恰如正如、恰如”。as用于用于as+主语主语+谓语或谓语或as+被动谓语结构中被动谓语结构中,如如:asweallknow,asiswellknown,aswehadexpected,asisnatural,etc.考点四：考点四：as的用法的用法做题技巧做题技巧?当主句中出现当主句中出现such 或或so 时时,看后面从句是否看后面从句是否缺主语或宾语缺主语或宾语:(1)缺主语或宾语缺主语或宾语,从句前用从句前用as,引导定语从句引导定语从句(2)不缺主语和宾语不缺主语和宾语,从句前用从句前用that,引导结果状语从句引导结果状语

25、从句当主句中出现当主句中出现the same时时,后面从句缺主语后面从句缺主语或宾语时与或宾语时与as搭配表同一类事物搭配表同一类事物,与与that搭配搭配表同一个事物表同一个事物模拟训练模拟训练：1.He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_.A.as;him B.that;/C.as;/D.whom;him2.Mrs.Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery.A.the same;as B.the same;where C.the same;tha

26、t D.as the same;as1.He did all/everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.

27、Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.that,which or who?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatpreposition+which（指物指物）preposition+whom (指人）指人）How to choose the right prepositions 1.介词的确定方法介词的确定方法Themoney_whichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone.Hewillneverforgettheda

28、y_whichhefailedintheexam.根据先行词来确定根据先行词来确定onwithWethoughtyouwereaperson_whomwecouldexpectgooddecisions.TheWestLake,_whichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定forfromAir,_whichmancantlive,isreallyimportant.根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定withoutThepen_whichheiswritingno

29、wwasboughtyesterday.with2.介词的位置介词的位置一般情况下，介词一般放在关系代词一般情况下，介词一般放在关系代词which和和whom之前，也可放在动词后。之前，也可放在动词后。Thisistheman_Ilearnedthenewsfrom.Thisistheman_Ilearnedthenews.fromwhom(who/whom/that)Thisistheroom_welivedinlastyear.(that/which)inwhichThisistheroom_welivedlastyear.Is this the watch that you are lo

30、oking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前提前.常见的这类动词短语有常见的这类动词短语有:lookfor/after/forwardto,carefor(照顾，喜欢）照顾，喜欢）hearof/about/from,takecareof等等.ThisistherightplaceImlookingfor.Thegirlwhomheislookingafteri

31、shissister.1.Doyoulikethebook_shespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebook_shepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebook_shelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebook_sheoftentalks?onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhich介词介词+关系代词的使用关系代词的使用5.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting.6.Glasses,_Icantseeclearly,arereallyimportantforme.7.C

32、hinaisabeautifulcountry,_weareproud.8.Doyouremembertheday_youjoinedourclub?towhomwithoutwhichofwhichonwhichThis is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor.=This is the teacher_ is a famous doctor.1.名词名词+介词介词+关系代词关系代词thedaughterofwhomRecently I bought an ancient Chinese vase（花瓶）,_ was very reas

33、onable（合理的）.A.which price B.the price of whichC.its price D.the price of whose We have three foreign teachers,_are from Canada.(其中的两个）2.数词数词+介词介词+关系代词关系代词(含基数词，序数词，分数含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数）和百分数）twoofwhomThe factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_ are sold abroad.A.of whichB.which of

34、C.of them D.of that 3.代词代词+介词介词+关系代词关系代词（代词有（代词有all,both,none,neither,either,some,any等）等）Theoldwomanhastwosons,_areteachers.（两个都是）（两个都是）bothofwhomLast week,two persons came to see the house,_wanted to buy it.A.both of theyB.neither of whom C.both of them D.all of whom4.形容词最高级形容词最高级+介词介词+关系代词关系代词Chin

35、ahasthousandsofislands,_isTaiwanIsland.（其中最大的）（其中最大的）the largest of which There are two buildings,_ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A.the larger B.the larger of them C.the larger one that D.the larger of which 5.介词介词+关系代词关系代词+名词名词He spent four years in college,_ he studied medicine.（在那段时间内）during

36、which timeIn the office,I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.,_ time many people have gone home.A.whose B.that C.on which D.by which 基础知识回顾基础知识回顾:关系词及其意义关系词及其意义指代人指代人指代事物指代事物所属关系所属关系指地点指地点指时间指时间指原因指原因who,whom,that,aswhich,that,aswhosewherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词归归纳纳总总结结做题技巧做题技巧?先分析定语从句中缺少什

37、么成分先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分成分成分所指所指关系词关系词主语主语指人指人指物指物宾语宾语指人指人指物指物定语定语指人指人指物指物that/whothat/which(that/who/whom)(that/which)whose/ofwhomwhose/ofwhich A“ModelWorker(劳劳动模范动模范)shouldbehard-workingandbrave.Heshouldalsobeaperson_isabletostandhardship.XiaoShenyangisjustapersonmakingpeoplelaugh.Heshouldnotbeconsidered

38、aModelWorker.who/thatDoyouthinkXiaoShengyangshouldbeconsidereda“ModelWorker”?ThePeoplesRepublicofChina(中华人民共中华人民共和国和国),_wasfoundedin1949,celebratesthe60thanniversaryofitsfoundingonOctober1st,2009.whichWhen did you come here?When did you come here?When did you come here?When did you come here?We came

39、 here on Oct.12,2005.It was the day _ we were sent into the space.when(on which)Where do you work and live?Where do you work and live?Where do you work and live?Where do you work and live?hispace capsuleWe work and live in a space capsule(太空舱太空舱).It is a place _ an astronaut works and lives.where(in

40、 which)What are you doing now?Im having my blood pressure(血压)taken.Im taking pictures.Can you tell me the reason_ you are taking pictures?why/for whichWecelebratethe60thanniversary(周年纪念日周年纪念日)ofthefoundingofthePRConOctober1st,2009.Iwillneverforgettheday_wecelebratethe60thanniversaryofthefoundingofth

41、ePRC.when/onwhichHong Kong returned to China on July 1st,1997.Theday_HongKongreturnedtoChinawillneverbeforgotten.when(onwhich)IoftengoshoppinginTimesSupermarket.Timessupermarketistheplace_Ioftengoshopping.where(inwhich)Canyoutellmethereason_youaresolate?why/forwhichWhethertousearelativepronounorarel

42、ativeadverb?要确定使用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决要确定使用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于于从句中的谓语动词从句中的谓语动词:(1)(1)及物动词后面无宾语及物动词后面无宾语,用关系代词用关系代词.常见的及物动词有常见的及物动词有visit,spend,expect,visit,spend,expect,explain,etc,explain,etc,；(2)(2)不及物动词后无介词时不及物动词后无介词时,用关系副词用关系副词.常见常见的不及物动词有的不及物动词有work,live,come,go,etc.work,live,come,go,etc.Thisisthefactory

43、_Iworkedbefore.Thisisthefactory_Ivisitedbefore.Thisisthefactory_Iworkedin.Thisisthefactoryin_Iworked.where/inwhich(which/that)(which/that)whichIwillneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.Iwillneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.Iwillneverforgetthedaysduring_weworkedtogether.when/duringwhich(that/which)w

44、hichThisisthereason_Iwaslate.Thereason_hegaveuswasreasonable(合理的合理的).why/forwhich(that/which)所指所指先行词先行词引导词引导词时间时间thetime/day/week/moment/period/occasionwhen=at/in/on/duringwhich地点地点theplace/room/situation/case/point/activitywhere=in/at/onwhich原因原因thereasonwhy=forwhichComplete the following sentences

45、 using which/that,why,where,when or preposition+which(whom).1.Hangzhou is the place _ I went last summer.2.He read the book _ his sister had told him about.3.The reason _ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam.where/to whichwhich/thatwhy/for which4.I remember the day _ my father died.I was onl

46、y ten years old at that time.5.Please give me the reason _ you were late this time.6.I will go back to the place _ I grew up and live there forever.when/on whichwhy/for whichwhere/in/at which1.Chinaisabeautifulcountry,_weareproud.2.Doyouremembertheday_youjoinedourclub?3.Thisisthehouse_Ilivedtwoyears

47、ago.4.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.5.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldaskforhelp.ofonwhichinwhichtowhomfromwhomwhichIII.Fillintheblankswith“preposition+which/whom”:6.Inhisroom,wesawabigtable_therewere3magazines.7.Glasses,_Icantseeclearly,arereallyimporta

48、ntforme.8.Thisistheman_Ilearnedthenews.9.Thepen_Iwriteeverydayisbroken.10.Theman_Iboughtthepictureisover80.11.Canyougivemesomepaper_Icanwriteanote?onwithoutwhichfromwhomwithwhichfor/fromwhomonwhichwhich12.Ithinktheway_someofyoulearnEnglishisnotcorrect.13.Familyfightsarethethings_Ifeelupset.14.Doyouknowthewoman_ourteacheristalking?15.Thisisthedesk_LuXunusedtositstudying.inwhichaboutwhichwith/aboutwhomatwhich