英语句子成分讲解附练习和答案课件.pptx

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1、英语句子成分 4种基本成分+2种修饰成分基本成分主语谓语动词宾语补足语修饰成分状语 （用来修饰动词 状语修饰对象不限于动词）定语（用来修饰名词） 关系图句子成分基本成分修饰成分核心成分谓语成分主语谓语宾语补语直接宾语间接宾语主语补足语 （表语）宾语补足语定语 （修饰名词）状语（修饰动词） 句子成分 属性主语、宾语 名词性的谓语 动词性的补足语 名词性的或形容词性的状语 副词性的定语 形容词性的 5 种基本句型 - 动词决定句型动词类型5种基本句型不及物动词1 . 不带宾语主+谓及物动词2 . 带一个宾语主+谓+直宾3 . 带两个宾语主+谓+间宾+直宾4 . 带宾语和宾语补足语主+谓+直宾+宾补

2、系动词5 . 带主语补足语主+谓（系）+表1 . Her love died.2 . She loved me.3 . She gave me a kiss.4 . She made me happy.5 . She is lovable. 动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语和定语填补动词的语义空缺。 给下列短文划分句子成分。Losers Look for Quick Fixes There are two ways of getting rid of weeds in your yard: the easy way and the not-so-easy way.

3、 (1 ) The easy way may be to run a lawnmower and (2 ) the yard looks fine for a while, but that is a temporary answer. Soon the weeds are back. But (3 ) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. It is time-consuming and painful, but (4

4、) the weeds will stay away for a longer time. (5 ) The first solution appeared easy, but (6 ) the problem remained. The second solution was not so easy, but took care of the problem from the roots. (7 ) The key is to get the root of the problem. The same thing is true of our attitude in life. The pr

5、oblem with people today is that (8 ) they want instant answer. (9 ) They are looking for one-minute solutions to everything. Just like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (1 0 ) This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure. (1 ) The easy way may be to run

6、a lawnmower(2 ) the yard looks fine for a while (3 ) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. (4 ) the weeds will stay away for a longer time. (5 ) The first solution appeared easy, 主主 主 主 主 表/主补表/主补 时间状语表/主补 时间状语谓 谓 谓谓 谓 宾 (6 ) the pr

7、oblem remained. (7 ) The key is to get the root of the problem.(8 ) they want instant answer. (9 ) They are looking for one-minute solutions （to everything）. (1 0 )This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.主 谓主主主 主 谓谓 谓 谓 表/主补 宾 宾宾 宾补定 主语 谓语动作的执行者 主语可以省略。 主语的形式结构： The sun rises in the ea

8、st. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 宾语 动作的承受者动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you nee

9、d? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the p

10、oor man some money. 谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 必不可少； 决定句子结构； 谓语的形式结构-动词 We study English. He likes playing the games. 宾语 动作的承受者动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Di

11、d you write down what he said? （宾语从句）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? 双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 补语 补充说明名词的成分，通常出现在主语或宾语后边。宾语补足语. 主语补足语（表语）；补足语的形式结构： We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名） We wi

12、ll make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （to不定式） Dont keep the lights burning. （现在分词） Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词） He was elected monitor. She was found singing

13、in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 系动词 be feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear, become, grow, get, turn, fall, go, come continue, remain, stay, keep 状语 - 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、 时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 The boy needs a pen very much.（程度状语） The boy needs very mu

14、ch the pen bought by his mother.（宾语较长则状语前置） The boy really needs a pen.（程度状语） The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.（时间状语） In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.（地点状语） Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.(条件状语) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.(时间状

15、语) He sits there,asking for a pen.（表示伴随状态） Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.（原因状语） Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.（原因状语） The boy needs a pen to do his homework.（目的状语） To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business. （目的状语） 定语 修饰名词The boyThe cute boyThe cute

16、 boy in blue jeansThe cute boy wearing blue jeansThe cute boy who is wearing blue jeans is my brother. 同位语 名词短语的补语成分 名词才有同位语； 同位语即名词补足语； 省略同位语，句子意思完整。 My uncle, my mothers brother, died of cancer when he was 47. I have no idea when they will be back and settle down. More exercise 划分句子成分。 1 . Our sch

17、ool is not far from my home. 2 . It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3 . All of us considered him honest. 4 . My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5 . He broke a piece of glass. 6 . He made it clear that he would leave the city 7 . -I love you more than herchild 8 . Tees turn green w

18、hen spring comes. 9 . They pushed the door open. 1 0 . Grandma told me an interesting story last night. More exercise 划分句子成分。 1 1 . He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 1 2 .All the students think highly of his teaching 1 3 . We need a place twice larger than this one. 1 4 . He asked us t

19、o sing an English song. 1 5 . Dont get nervous，help yourself to what you like 1 6 .We will make our school more beautiful. 1 7 . He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know 1 8 . She showed us her many of her pictures. 1 9 . The old man lives a lonely life. 2 0 . Luckily the 1 9 8 9 earthquake did not ha

20、ppen in the center of town. More exercise 划分句子成分。 2 1 . The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany 2 2 . There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him 2 3 . No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month. 2 4 . Go back where you came from.

21、2 5 . We must do whatever the people want us to do. 2 6 . At last he got home, tired and hungry. 2 7 . Would you please pass me the cup? 2 8 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 2 9 . Do you know the latest news about him? 3 0 . Ill get my hair cut tomorrow. Key 答案分析下列句子成分1. 主语系动词表语 2. 主语系动词表语 3

22、. 主语动词宾语宾语补足语 4. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语5. 主语及物动词宾语 6. 主语动词形式宾语 it宾语补足语+宾语7. 主语及物动词宾语 8. 主语系动词表语 9. 主语动词宾语宾语补足语 10. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语11. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语 12 主语及物动词宾语13. 主语及物动词宾语 14. 主语动词宾语宾语补足语15. 主语系动词表语 16. 主语动词宾语宾语补足语17. 主语系动词表语 18. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语19. 主语不及物动词 20. 主语不及物动词21. 主语系动词表语 22. 主语系动词表语 23. 主语及物动词宾语 24. 主语不及物动词 25. 主语及物动词宾语 26. 主语不及物动词 27. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语 28. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语 29. 主语及物动词宾语 30. 主语动词宾语宾语补足语