博士生入学考试英语辅导听力部分

20002000（听力部分）听力部分）听力部分）听力部分）黄黄 年年 根根1Listening ComprehensionSection A:Conversations Usually there is a direction telling what is to be Usually there is a direction telling what is to be tested and displaying an example for you.If tested and displaying an example for you.If you are familiar with all this,it is not necessary you are familiar with all this,it is not necessary to read all the directions or to listen carefully.to read all the directions or to listen carefully.Instead you make use of this short span of time Instead you make use of this short span of time to have a glance over the following nine to have a glance over the following nine choices so as to have a rough idea of what is to choices so as to have a rough idea of what is to be really tested.be really tested.2Listening ComprehensionTypes of Questions figures:figures:dates,days,time,prices,ages,years dates,days,time,prices,ages,years seasons,streets,telephone,etcseasons,streets,telephone,etc How many(persons)/dozens of)?How many(persons)/dozens of)?How many minutes fast/slow/late?How many minutes fast/slow/late?How much doesspend/save/earn/borrow/lend/pay?How much doesspend/save/earn/borrow/lend/pay?How old/often/far is How old/often/far is How long does it taketo/stay in?How long does it taketo/stay in?When/At what timebegin/finish?When/At what timebegin/finish?When/On which dayarrive/want to leave?When/On which dayarrive/want to leave?3Listening ComprehensionNote:?teenteen和和 tyty的区别和千以上数的辨记。的区别和千以上数的辨记。?街街道道、房房间间、汽汽车车、电电话话等等号号码码的的习习惯惯表表达达方方法法，如如320320读读成成three twentythree twenty或或threethreetwotwozerozero；?价格的习惯表达。如价格的习惯表达。如$19$199595读成读成nineteen ninetynineteen ninetyfivefive。?时时间间表表达达上上英英美美的的差差异异，如如1 1：4545可可读读成成a a quarter quarter to to twotwo或或one one fortyfortyfive;five;2 2：00 00 p pm.m.可可读读成成two two p pm.m.或或fourteen fourteen hundred hundred hours(14:00).hours(14:00).?年年代代、世世纪纪口口头头与与书书面面表表达达的的差差异异，如如2020世世纪纪写写成成1919，in in the eighteen fortiesthe eighteen forties应理解为应理解为1919世纪世纪4040年代。年代。4Listening ComprehensionNote:?单单位位的的换换算算。如如星星期期、日日期期、时时、分分的的换换算算进进率率分分别别为为7 7、30/3130/31、2424、6060等等。再再如如a a quarterquarter指指时时间间是是1515分钟，指月份是一季度分钟，指月份是一季度(三个月三个月)，指百分比为，指百分比为25%25%。?倍数意义的表达。如倍数意义的表达。如times,twice,couple,a pair of,times,twice,couple,a pair of,half of,double,onehalf of,double,onethird,percentagethird,percentage等等。等等。?注意诸如注意诸如late(later),early(earlier),delay,start,ahead of,late(later),early(earlier),delay,start,ahead of,fast,slow,increase,addfast,slow,increase,add等与时间数字有关的词，以帮等与时间数字有关的词，以帮助理解和计算助理解和计算。5Listening ComprehensionTypes of QuestionsPlaces:Places:抓住与特定场所有关的词、词组和句型，推断暗示的地点抓住与特定场所有关的词、词组和句型，推断暗示的地点.Where does this conversation(most probably)take place?Where does this conversation(most probably)take place?Where is this conversation(most probably)taking place?Where is this conversation(most probably)taking place?Where does the man/woman plan/want to go?Where does the man/woman plan/want to go?Where does the man/woman prefer to live/stay?Where does the man/woman prefer to live/stay?Where is the man/woman working/living now?Where is the man/woman working/living now?What place did the man/woman visit first/last?What place did the man/woman visit first/last?Where are the speakers now?Where are the speakers now?Where is from?Where is from?Where have they beenWhere have they been to?to?6Listening Comprehension听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达HospitalHospital:medicine,operation,doctor,patient,nurse,ward,fever,cough,heada:medicine,operation,doctor,patient,nurse,ward,fever,cough,headache,temperature,bloodche,temperature,bloodpressure,dizzy,rundownpressure,dizzy,rundown；What seems What seems to be the trouble?to be the trouble?BankBank:account,:account,cheque,cheque,interest interest rate,cash,tellers rate,cash,tellers window,window,deposit,dollar,pound,open on account,withdraw some moneydeposit,dollar,pound,open on account,withdraw some moneyPostPost-officeoffice:stamp,stamp,envelope,envelope,parcel,parcel,postage,postage,registered registered mail,air mail,air mail,ordinary mail,telegram,money ordermail,ordinary mail,telegram,money orderHotelHotel:reception reception desk,desk,front front desk,desk,vacant vacant room,room,single/double single/double room,room,twin twin bed,bed,reserve,reserve,check check in,in,check check out,out,porter,porter,tip,tip,full,full,room room serviceservice7Listening Comprehension听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达Restaurant:Restaurant:order,menu,bill,waiter,drink,salad,soup,dessert,roast order,menu,bill,waiter,drink,salad,soup,dessert,roast beef,steak,go Dutch;Its my treat.Are you ready to order now?Im beef,steak,go Dutch;Its my treat.Are you ready to order now?Im full.full.SchoolSchool:professor,exam,campus,degree,semester,term,assignment,:professor,exam,campus,degree,semester,term,assignment,grade,score,paper,lab test,course,creditgrade,score,paper,lab test,course,creditStore:Store:size,color,style,price,fashion,cheap,expensive,counter,pay size,color,style,price,fashion,cheap,expensive,counter,pay；What can I do for you?Is there anything I can do for you?Id What can I do for you?Is there anything I can do for you?Id like to seelike to seeAirportAirport:departure,flight,take off,security clearance,green/red:departure,flight,take off,security clearance,green/red channel,boarding pass,check in,gatechannel,boarding pass,check in,gateCustomsCustoms:duty free,fill in the form.Do you have anything to declare?:duty free,fill in the form.Do you have anything to declare?LibraryLibrary:catalogue,list,renew,borrow,due:catalogue,list,renew,borrow,due8Listening Comprehension地点部分的答题其它要领：地点部分的答题其它要领：地点部分的答题其它要领：地点部分的答题其它要领：n n根据选择项中地点名词前的介词推断提问。根据选择项中地点名词前的介词推断提问。n n听清问题。听清问题。n n熟悉世界上主要国家和英、美、加拿大主要城市熟悉世界上主要国家和英、美、加拿大主要城市的名称。的名称。9Listening Comprehension人物类的常见提问形式人物类的常见提问形式人物类的常见提问形式人物类的常见提问形式：What is the man/woman?What is the man/woman?Who is the man/woman?Who is the man/woman?What/who are the speakers?What/who are the speakers?What is the mans/womans profession/occupation/job?What is the mans/womans profession/occupation/job?What What is(probably)the is(probably)the relationship relationship between between the the man man and and the the woman/the two speakers?woman/the two speakers?Who hascalled to came over(to fix)?Who hascalled to came over(to fix)?Who willgo to for help?Who willgo to for help?10Listening Comprehension人物类问题答题要领人物类问题答题要领人物类问题答题要领人物类问题答题要领n n利用每题之间的短暂停顿，浏览试题选择项，确定问题与职业有利用每题之间的短暂停顿，浏览试题选择项，确定问题与职业有关、与身份有关，还是与说话者的角色有关。如选择项是单数名关、与身份有关，还是与说话者的角色有关。如选择项是单数名词，即问职业、角色；如选择项为复数名词或两种身份词，即问职业、角色；如选择项为复数名词或两种身份，则问的则问的是人物关系。是人物关系。n n体会讲话人的口气、语调、称呼，从而判断对话者之体会讲话人的口气、语调、称呼，从而判断对话者之间的关系。间的关系。n n熟悉与某一职业相关的常用词汇与表达（参见地点部熟悉与某一职业相关的常用词汇与表达（参见地点部分），如：老师与学生、营业员与顾客、医生与患者分），如：老师与学生、营业员与顾客、医生与患者之间的用词肯定不同。之间的用词肯定不同。11Listening Comprehension推断类题常见提问形式：推断类题常见提问形式：推断类题常见提问形式：推断类题常见提问形式：n nWhat does the man/woman mean/imply?What does the man/woman mean/imply?n nWhat can we learn/infer/conclude from the conversation?What can we learn/infer/conclude from the conversation?n nWhat What can can be be inferred inferred from from the the mans/womans mans/womans reply/response?reply/response?n nWhat is the mans/womans attitude towards?What is the mans/womans attitude towards?n nWhat does the woman/man think of the idea/play?What does the woman/man think of the idea/play?n nHow does the man feel about the plan/proposal?How does the man feel about the plan/proposal?n nWhat conclusion can we draw from the womans statement?What conclusion can we draw from the womans statement?12Listening Comprehension推断类问题的答题要领：推断类问题的答题要领：推断类问题的答题要领：推断类问题的答题要领：n n留留意意对对话话人人的的语语音音、语语调调，捕捕捉捉其其“弦弦外外之之音音”。一一般般说说来来降降调调表表示示肯肯定定、赞赞同同；升升调调表表示示疑疑问问、否否定定，尤尤其其是是一一般般疑疑问问句句用用降降调调、陈陈述述句句用用升升调调时时。注注意意讲讲话话人人经经常常采采用用虚拟语气的形式表达反意，如：虚拟语气的形式表达反意，如：should have done sth.should have done sth.应该做而未做应该做而未做 shouldnt have done sth.shouldnt have done sth.不应该做而做了不应该做而做了 neednt have done sth.neednt have done sth.不必做而实际做了不必做而实际做了 might have done sth.might have done sth.本可以做而实际未做本可以做而实际未做n n善于联想，揭示事物之间的相关性；善于联想，揭示事物之间的相关性；n n注意注意butbut后面的信息。后面的信息。13Listening ComprehensionSection B Passages短文部分提问形式主要分为主题类和细节类两大类。短文部分提问形式主要分为主题类和细节类两大类。主题类即对短文的中心思想、主旨大意进行提问：主题类即对短文的中心思想、主旨大意进行提问：What is the main topic/idea of the passage?What is the main topic/idea of the passage?What(do you think)is the best title of the passage?What(do you think)is the best title of the passage?What is the most suitable title of the passage?What is the most suitable title of the passage?What does the passage advise us to do?What does the passage advise us to do?What does the story imply?What does the story imply?What can we learn/infer from the passage?What can we learn/infer from the passage?What does the passage mainly talk about?What does the passage mainly talk about?14Listening Comprehension 细节类问题对短文中涉及的情节、人物、事情的因细节类问题对短文中涉及的情节、人物、事情的因与果进行提问。与果进行提问。What is the primary cause of?What is the primary cause of?What is the reason for?What is the reason for?Why is it necessary/important for sb.to do?Why is it necessary/important for sb.to do?What is the purpose of?What is the purpose of?According According to to the the passage,which passage,which of of the the following following is is TRUE/NOT TRUE(mentioned/not mentioned)?TRUE/NOT TRUE(mentioned/not mentioned)?According According to to the the passage,which passage,which of of the the following following is(not)the is(not)the reason for?reason for?How does sb.(the writer/speaker)feel about?How does sb.(the writer/speaker)feel about?What does the speaker/writer seem most concerned about?What does the speaker/writer seem most concerned about?15Listening Comprehension短文的答题要领短文的答题要领短文的答题要领短文的答题要领n n听前扫视选择项，预测短文内容和可能提出的问题。听前扫视选择项，预测短文内容和可能提出的问题。n n注意开头结尾，抓住主题思想和大意。注意开头结尾，抓住主题思想和大意。n n在在听听懂懂原原文文的的基基础础上上，还还要要听听懂懂所所提提的的问问题题，避避免免答答非非所所问。问。n n沉沉着着应应对对，遇遇有有生生词词不不要要慌慌乱乱着着急急，利利用用 that that is,is,in in other other words,words,namely namely 等等解解释释性性词词句句和和文文中中的的例例子子，追追加加理理解解错错过过的或不懂的内容。的或不懂的内容。16Listening Comprehension11、对话单项、对话单项22、短文、短文33、综合、综合要求：要求：课后大量练习，课后大量练习，课后大量练习，熟悉各种听力材料和声熟悉各种听力材料和声熟悉各种听力材料和声音。平时练习的难度应适当超过考试水平。音。平时练习的难度应适当超过考试水平。音。平时练习的难度应适当超过考试水平。17下一讲下一讲下一讲下一讲：写作写作写作写作Goodbye18