大学第四册综程课后习题答案1

《大学第四册综程课后习题答案1》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学第四册综程课后习题答案1（54页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、Key to Exercises(Units 1-8)UnitlPart I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:The song you are about to hear is based on a true story.It tells the tale of the sinking of a shipcalled The Edmund Fitzgerald that was caught in a storm on Lake Superior back in November 1975,with the loss of all on boa

2、rd.Lake Superior is an enormous lake and the wind can at times make it dangerous to shipping,whipping up huge waves.November is a particularly dangerous month for such storms.This hadlong ago been noticed by a local native American tribe,the Chippewa,who used to speak of howdeath threatened from the

3、 lake when storm clouds gathered in November.According to legend,thebig lake,which they called Gitche Gumee,was without mercy in that month,never giving up thoseit had marked for death.It is this legend that starts the song before it moves on to talk of The Edmund Fitzgerald.TheEdmund Fitzgerald,lik

4、e many other ships that sail the lake,was built to carry iron ore.Filled with orethese ships lie low in the water and can find themselves in difficulties in rough weather.So,with a fullload on board we can imagine the anxiety that must have begun to creep into the hearts of the sailorson board The E

5、dmund Fitzgerald as they felt the cold wind beginning to rise and heard the sound ofit singing as it blew through the wires.For,despite the fact that the captain and crew were allexperienced,well-seasonedn as the song says,they all knew the dangers of November storms.Before long their worse fears st

6、arted to come true and the storm had risen to a hurricane.The despairof the crew is captured in the words of the cook.First he comes on deck to tell the sailors it is toorough to cook,they will have to wait for their supper.The next we hear from him he is saying-$6-Appendix Igoodbye to his shipmates

7、.Water is pouring into the ship.The captain sends out a distress signal,butthat is the last that is heard from the ship.It is swallowed up by the lake,leaving nothing behind butthe mourning families of the twenty-nine sailors and the sound of the church bell ringing in theirmemory.Now lets listen to

8、 the song:The Wreck of the Edmund FitzgeraldGordon LightfootThe legend lives on from the Chippewa on downOr the big lake they call Gitche GumeeTke lake,it is said,rfever gives up her deadWhen the skies or November turn gloomyWitk a load of iron ore twenty-six thousand tons moreThan the Edmund Fitzge

9、rald weighed emptyThat good ship and true was a hone to be chewedWhen the gales of November came earlyTke skip was tke pride of tke American side Coming back fromsome mill in Wisconsin As tke kig freigkters go,it was kiggcrtkan most Witk a crew and good captain well seasonedConcluding some terms wit

10、k a couple of steel firms Wken tkeyleft fully loaded for Cleveland And later tkat nigkt wken tkeskips kell rang Could it ke tke nortk wind tkeyd been feelingTke wind in tke wires made a tattle-tale soundAnd a wave broke over tke railingAnd every man knew,as tke captain did tooTwas tke witek of Novem

11、ker come stealingTke dawn came late and the breakfast had to waitWken the Gales of November came slashingWhen afternoon came it was freezing rainIn the face of a hurricane west windAppendix 1 -6?-When suppertime came,the old cook came on deck sayingFellas1,its too rough to reed ya21 fella:(slang)fel

12、low2 ya:(slang)youAt seven PM a main hatchway caved in,he saidFellas,its heen good to know yaThe captain wired in he had water coming inAnd the good ship and crew was in perilAnd later that night when his lights went out of sightCame the wreck of the Edmund FitzgeraldDoes any one know where the love

13、 of God goes When the waves turnthe minutes to hours The searchers all say theyd have madeWhitefish Bay If theyd put fifteen more miles behind her They mighthave split up or they might have capsized They may have broke deep andtook water And all that remains is the faces and the names Of the wivesan

14、d the sons and the daughters JLake Huron rolls,Superior singsIn the rooms of her ice1 water mansionOld Michigan steams like a young mans dreamsThe islands and hays are for sportsmenAnd farther helow Lake OntarioTakes in what Lake Erie can send herAnd the iron boats go as the mariners all knowWith th

15、e Gales of November rememberedIn a musty old hall in Detroit they prayed In the Maritime SailorsCathedral The church hell chimed til it rang twenty-nine timesFor each man on the Edmund Fitzgerald-66-AppendixTrie legend lives on irom the Chippewa on down Or thenig lake they call Gitche Gumee Superior

16、,they said,nevergives up her dead When the gales or November comeearlyPart II Text Alexf OrganizationPartsParagraphs*Main IdeasPart OneParas 1-2Introduction Both Napoleon*s and Hitlers militarycampaigns failed because of the severity of the Russianwinter.Part TwoParas 3-11Napoleons military campaign

17、 against RussiaPart ThreeParas 12-20Hitlers military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart FourPara 21ConclusionThe elements of nature must be reckonedwith in any military campaign.2.SectionsParagraphsMain IdeasSection OneParas 12-13Hitlefs blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalins scorched earthpolicyS

18、ection TwoParas 14-18the battles fought at Leningrad,Moscow and StalingradSection ThreeParas 19-20the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the warVocabularyI.1.1)alliance3)stroke5)minus7)declarations2)heroic4)limp6)regions8)siegeAppendix I-$99)raw11)have taken their toll13)campaign15)has bee

19、n brought to a halt1)is faced with3)is pressing on/pressed on5)picking up7)cut back10)retreat12)In the case of14)at the cost of2)get bogged down4)drag on6)foiling apart8)take over3.1)The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2)The border dispute between

20、the two countries resulted in thousands of casualties.3)Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of hercareer.4)Obviously the reporters question caught the foreign minister off guard.5)The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide r

21、ule out of date/obsolete.4.1)At that time,the enemy forces were much superior to ours,so we had to give up theoccupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up ourbases.2)Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization.Failure to reckon with thispro

22、blem will weaken its strength.In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3)The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won Ihe decisive victory against theGermans.In fact,this battle turned the tide in the Second World War.During this famou

23、sbattle,the Soviet troops withstood the Gennan siege and weakened the German army bylaunching a series of counterattacks.IL More Synonyms in Context1)During the First World War,battles occurred here and there over vast areas.Some of themost dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of Fran

24、ce and Belgium and in theno-manrs-land between the trenches.2)Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/homework paid off.3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement,but he turned a deaf ear to all mywords.4)Pneumonia had severely weakened her body,an

25、d I wondered how her fragile body couldwithstand the harsh weather.-90-Zpendix IIII.Usage1)But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2)A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks-and nobody knew anything about it.3)Its said he dropped dead from a heart

26、attack when he was at work1)Dont sit too close to the fire to keep warmyou could easily get burned,especially if youfall asleep.4)In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.5)Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Structure1.1)To his great del

27、ight,Dr.Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by30 percent.2)To her great relief,her daughter had left the building before it collapsed.3)To our disappointment,our womens team lost out to the North Koreans.4)We think,much to our regret,that we will not be able to visit y

28、ou during the coming Christmas.2.1)These birds nest in the vast swamps(which lie to the)east of the Nile.2)By 1948,the Peoples Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of theYangtze River.3)Michelle was bom in a small village in the north of France,but came to live in the UnitedSta

29、tes at the age of four.4)The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continue s/runs through the United States forabout 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.Comprehensive ExercisesI.Cloze(A)I.invasion3.Conquest5.launching7.campaign9.reckon with11.bringing.to a halt2.stand in the way4.catc

30、hing.off his guard6.declaration8.drag on10.die frompendix I-91-(B)l.In2.since3.the4.and5.it6.that/who7.of/about8.across9.to10.lost11.to12.with13.buried14.in15.than16.between17.from18.to19.downII.TranslationThe offensive had already lasted three days,but we had not gained much ground.Ourtroops engagi

31、ng the enemy at the front were faced wilh strong/fierce/stiff resistance.The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch asurprise attack.To do so,however,we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid wemight gel bogged down in the mud.Our b

32、attalion commander decided to lake a gamble.Westarted under cover of daricness and pressed en in spite of great difficulties.By a stroke of luck,the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over.Thanks to the cold weather,we arrived at our destination bef

33、ore dawn and began attacking theenemy from the rear.This turned Ihe tide of the battle.The enemy,caughl off guard,soonsurrendered.Part III TextBComprehension Checkl.d3.b2.d4.a-9 2-Appaxiix ITranslation(#JE Appendix UI)Language Practice1.boast3.was concerned5.paid off7.are contesting9.holdout11.respo

34、nsible for13.favorable15.on the eve plications19.withstand2.obstacles4.call.off6.was pinned down8.prior to10.objective12.in case14.due to16.cancel18.stiff20.absentPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksWriting StrategyTick which of the following is more convincing:It was reported that General

35、Eisenhower,though indecisive sometimes,had nohesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy.J Eisenhowers chief of staff,Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith,later wrote:”He sat there.tense,weighing every consideration.Finally he looked up,and the tension was gone from his face.He said briskly,well,

36、well go.Model PaperCan Man Triumph over Nature?When people talk of man triumphing over nature,many things come to mind.One thinks ofsuccesses in medicine in the fight against disease,such as the invention of antibiotics and the promiseheld out by advances in biogenetic engineering.On a broader scale

37、,one thinks of mans success inharnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.Yet,nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it.New forms ofAppendix I-98-disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing.Burning fossil fuels

38、has led to fearsof global warming;while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard forgenerations to come.However,perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter.We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting again

39、st it.(154 words)Unit 2Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:What will the world be like in five hundred years1 time?A thousand years time?Or more?Some people are optimistic,looking forward to a better world.Others are pessimistic,and fear thatthings can only get worse.The writer of the so

40、ng you are about to listen to takes the pessimisticview.Looking further and further into the future things seem to him to get worse and worse.By3535,he foresees all our thoughts and feelings will be shaped by drugs.Looking further still into thefuture he foretells that our bodies will waste away as

41、machines do everything for us.Family life aswe know it will fade away as children are bred artificially,chosen,in the words of the song,fromthe bottom of a long black tube.Given that man seems to pay so little attention to taking care of theplanet and avoiding using up all its resources,he ends by w

42、ondering whether man will still be aroundin the future.Its enough,as he says,to make even God shake his head.Here is the song:In the Year 2525Zager&EvansIn the year 2525If man is still aliveIf woman can surviveThey may find-9A-Appcndix IIn the year 3535Aint gonna need*to tell the truth,tell no lies

43、Everythingyou think,do,or say Is in the pill you took todayIn the year 4545Aint gonna need your teeth,wont need your eyesYou wont rind a thing to doNobodys gonna look at youIn the year 5555Your anus are hanging limp at your sidesYour legs not nothing to doSome machine is doing that for youIn the yea

44、r 6565Aint gonna need no husband,wont need no wifeYoull pick your son,pick your daughter.tooFrom the bottom of a long black tubeIn the year,7510If Gods a-comin he ought to make it by thenMaybe hell look around himself and sayGuess its time fbr the Judgment Day1In the year 8510Gods gonna shake his mi

45、ghty headHell either say Im pleased where man has been Or tear itdown and start againIn the year 9595Im kin da wondering if mans gonna be alive Hes takeneverything this old earth can give And he aint put backnothing1 the Judgment Day:the end of the world,the time of Gods final judgment of all people

46、Appendix I-95Now its been 10,000 years Manhas cried a billion tears For what henever knew Now mans reign isthrough But through the eternalnight The twinkling of starlight Sovery far away Maybe it*s onlyyesterdayPart II Text AText OrganizationPartsParagraphsMain IdeasPart OneParas 1-3New technology w

47、ill have a dramatic impact on cars andhighways in the 21st century.Part TwoParas 4-9With the aid of advanced technology,smart cars will be sodesigned that they can help eliminate traffic accidents,determine their own precise locations and wam of trafficjams.Part ThreeParas 10-13GPS and telematics wi

48、ll make it possible to build smarthighways,which will benefit us in more than one way.1)Smart cars can see,hear,feel,smell,talk,and act2)They can eliminate most car accidents;.3)They can alert the police and provide precise location ifstolen;4)They can monitor ones driving and the driving conditions

49、 nearby;5)They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;6)They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.VocabularyI.1.1)expansion 2)manufacturing3)vapor 4)take control of-96-Appcndix2.5)hazards6)satellite7)convert8)magnetic9)bunched10)in the airH)got/was stuck in12)approximately13)applica

50、tion14)monotonous15)mounted1)send out2)stand up for3)result from4)making up for5)starting up6)play up7)give up8)take on3.4.play uptake onI)With regard to the recent flood of corporate scandals,some professors from Stanford andHarvard say they will incorporate Enron*s real-world lessons into their cl

51、assroom work.2)Our vacation was a disaster:the food was terrible,and the weather was awful as well.As3)a Special Administrative Region(SAR),Macao is permitted to retain its lucrative gamblingindustry although gambling remains illegal on the Chinese mainland.Manufacturers4)usually begin by building t

52、he prototype of a new model before they set up a factory tomake the cars.5)Medical evidence shows that smoking and lung cancer are correlated.Expanded use of1)computer technology,development of stronger and lighter materials,and research in/intopollution control will produce better,and smarter*autom

53、obiles.In the 1980s thenotion that a car would talk to its driver was science fiction;by the 1990s it hadbecome a reality,more or less.Presenlly automobile companies such as GM andNissan are poised to launch new advertising campaigns for their smart cars.Sounds are2)produced by objects Ihal vibrate

54、in the air at a rate that the ear can detect.This rate is calledfrequency and is measured in hertz,or vibrations per second.Reflective devices are more3)visible at night and are used in some locations to mark lanes and other significant placeson the road.Whats more,automated vehicle-control technolo

55、gies are presently underdevelopment to improve highway safety.These devices are mounled in the vehicle andcaa alert a driver to an impending hazard or,in an emergency,override the actions of the driver.IL Word FormationClipped WordsBlendskilokilogramMedicaremedical carememomemorandumemailelectronic

56、mailgymgymnasiumcomsatcommunications satelliteAppendix 1 -9?-1.swimming pool3.enriched Middle English5.fully developed prototype7.working populationlibliberationdocdoctorvetveterinarianpreppreparatoryautoautomobileIII.Usagenewscastnews broadcastautopilotautomatic pilotEurodollarEuropean dollarbrunch

57、breakfast lunchtelecasttelevision broadcast2.drawing board4.disturbing change6.Canned foods8.puzzling differencesStruct-ure11)Thanksgiving in the U.S.A.,like Spring Festival in China,brings families back together fromacross the country.2)The monkey suddenly emerged from behind the tree,frightening L

58、ucy into screaming.3)Mom said that she would not allow me to buy a new computer unless the price dropped tobelow 2000 yuan.4)n between the chores,Jim managed to spend 50 to 60 hours a week working at the computeror doing reporting for the freelance articles he sells to magazines.2.1)Most people find

59、 it hard to understand how living with ones own children could be lonely.2)The manager felt it necessary to remove the five misbehaving secretaries in order to maintainadministrative discipline.3)The Senator called it wasteful to give free Medicare to those who could afford to pay.4)We dont consider

60、 it possible to set back the clock of history.Com prehensive ExercisesI.Cloze(A)1.alert2.hazards3.highway4.start up5.take control of6.lane7.decrease8.get stuck in9.monotonous10.eliminate-96-Appendix I11.convert12.mounted(B)Lfor3.enabled5.decreased/reduced7.quantities9.worldwide2.way4.farther11.manuf

61、octuring13.on/upon15.which6.by8.locally10.with12.As17.problems/hazards19.Nevertheless14.provide16.itself18.and20.continuingIL TranslationAutomobiles changed the world during the 20th century,particularly in the United States andother industrialized nations.They are indeed of great use to us,but they

62、 have brought somehazards as well,such as noise and air pollution,and highway fatalities.It is reported that automobile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world.Fortunately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile.New propulsion systems,fuels,designs,a

63、nd means of manufacturing cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade.For example,by using the satellite-aided global positioning system(GPS),a computer in the automobilecan locate the vehicles precise position,and with the aDplication of sensors,smart cars caneliminate most car accidents.Par

64、t III TextBComprehension Check1.a2.c3.c4.d5.b6.bIranslalion(#JE Appendix III)Appendix I-99-Language Practice1.intrcxiuction3.diverse5.in cooperation with7.At die start ponent15.thereby17.exposure19.matures2.outlines4.feasible6.assembly8.implications10.realistic12.by means of14.implemented16.permanen

65、t15.equivalent20.en routePart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksSample ResumeHong QinRm.316,New College Dormitory XuanwuUniversity,2270 Zhongshan Road Nanjing,Jiangsu,212000 Tel:(025)9709399 Email:hqin Employment ObjectiveReporter position wiUi a major newspaper or magazineEducationBachelor of

66、 Arts in Journalism,Xuanwu University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,July 2002 Graduated Magna Cum Laude with a GPA of 3.6 on a 4.0 scale Proficient with MS Office,Lotus Notes,Windows XP and the Internet Courses taken included:Reporting Public AffairsComputer Assisted ReportingWriting for Mass CommunicationFeature WritingTheories of Mass CommunicationAdvertising and Public Relations-100-Appendix IWorld Press Systems Advanced Newspaper DesignEmployment ExperienceReporter Internship with the Yangtze Evening Post