Unit8EconomicGrowthisaPatchtoPerditionHUDan11

Unit-8-Economic-Unit-8-Economic-Growth-is-a-Patch-to-Growth-is-a-Patch-to-Perdition-by-HU-Perdition-by-HU-Dan(1)-(1)Dan(1)-(1)R einforcementT ext AnalysisEconomic Growth is a Path to Economic Growth is a Path to Perdition,Not ProsperityPerdition,Not ProsperityB ackgroundW arming upUnit 8Questions/ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesWBTREconomic Growth is a Path to Economic Growth is a Path to Perdition,Not ProsperityPerdition,Not ProsperityUnit 8Warming upWarming upQuestions/ActivitiesHow do you understand the cartoon below?WBTRWarming upQuestions/ActivitieslPlease answer the following questions1.What is the authors main argument?2.If economic growth is a path to perdition,as claimed by the author,then in what way(s)?3.Do you agree with the author?Why or why not?WBTRCheck-on PreviewMatch the words with their correct meaning in the text.1.hone2.proponent3.(tax)breaks4.foul5.way(above the average)a.reductions or exemptionsb.pollute;make dirtyc.to a great distance or extent;very fard.to revise and polish until it is perfecte.advocate,supporter,defenderWBTRWarming upCheck-on PreviewParaphrase the following sentences weve been drawing down the biospheres principal rather than living off its annual interest.Even on its own terms,growth isnt working.We avoid talking about the skewed distribution of the planets wealth and income,dreaming instead that we can grow our way out of the problem.WBTRWarming upObjectivesUnderstand the arguments and reasoning in the textExplore connections and possible conflicts between economic growth and environmental protectionExplore connections and possible conflicts between economic growth and social equality(well-being)(if possible)evaluate on the arguments presented in the textWBTRWarming upBackgroundSubjectAuthorBWTREconomic Growth is a Path to Economic Growth is a Path to Perdition,Not ProsperityPerdition,Not ProsperityUnit 8BackgroundAuthorWayne Ellwood uueditorial and feature writer for New Internationalist editorial and feature writer for New Internationalist magazinemagazineuuhas been writing for the New Internationalist since 1979has been writing for the New Internationalist since 1979uuthis article,first published in Oct.2010,is entitled this article,first published in Oct.2010,is entitled Natures Bottom LineNatures Bottom Lineuuhis other articles include:his other articles include:Redesigning the Global Redesigning the Global EconomyEconomy,The World Trading System is Corrupt and The World Trading System is Corrupt and UnjustUnjust,The No-nonsense Guide to GlobalizationThe No-nonsense Guide to Globalization,Life Life Beyond Growth,etc.Beyond Growth,etc.BWTRBackgroundAuthoruuThe following is an excerpt from another The following is an excerpt from another article of Wayne Ellwood,article of Wayne Ellwood,Life Beyond Life Beyond GrowthGrowth “The global economy is again grinding to a halt while “The global economy is again grinding to a halt while ordinary people take the hit.The ghost of the Great ordinary people take the hit.The ghost of the Great Depression of the 1930s hovers in the wings.So whats Depression of the 1930s hovers in the wings.So whats the solution?Growth.A growing economy equals more the solution?Growth.A growing economy equals more jobs,rising incomes,peace and prosperity.Without growth jobs,rising incomes,peace and prosperity.Without growth the system would collapse.Get growth back on track and the system would collapse.Get growth back on track and everything will be OK.Thats the theory.But no-one is everything will be OK.Thats the theory.But no-one is talking about the biggest dilemma of all:economic growth talking about the biggest dilemma of all:economic growth may not be the cure but the source of the problem.After may not be the cure but the source of the problem.After all we live on a finite planet with limited resources.How all we live on a finite planet with limited resources.How can we expect to grow forever?”can we expect to grow forever?”BWTRBackgroundSubjectHistory of growth as an idea Growth is a modern idea a product of the 17th and 18th century European Enlightenment that challenged traditional views of religion and humankinds place in the cosmos.Thinkers like Locke in England,Hume in Scotland,Voltaire in France and Paine in the US mapped out this new intellectual terrain.This rupture with tradition changed age-old cyclical thinking to sequential thinking,unleashed democratic political movements and ushered in the rule of law.The idea of progress became paramount:the notion that history has a direction,which is the gradual improvement of the human condition.The rise of science and the empirical method merged with improved technologies(the steam engine,gunpowder,the printing press)stimulating early capitalism.Economic growth became synonymous with social progress.European colonialism spread the idea around the world.But soon the concept of improvement was eclipsed by a narrow fixation on numbers.The gross measure of economic output(GDP)became the benchmark for economic success,detached from broad notions of the public good.Growth without concern for its social or ecological consequences became the overarching goal of government policy.BWTRDetailedAnalysisStructureThemeEconomic Growth is a Path to Perdition,Not ProsperityUnit 8Text AnalysisTWBRText AnalysisThemeEconomic growth v.enviromental protection Economic growth v.social equality and well-beingThe GDP-driven test(GDP is everything)in China(news:Stop Cramming:City Cancels GDP-driven Test)TWBRStructure(29 paragraphs)I.Introduction.(1-3):Darwins long battle against the Biblical myth of creation.II.The modern myth of economic growth(4-8)A.Definition.(4-6)1.The myth being more dangerous.(4)2.The myth that economy being able to grow forever.(5-6)B.Normal pattern of economic growth before 1940s(7)C.The latest global econoimic slump challenging the myth.(8)III.Root cause of the myth(9-11)A.Growth being the core of capitalism.(9-10)B.Statistics of the rapid growth(11)IV.Refutation of the myth(12-25)A.Finiteness of natural resources(12-13)B.Statistics of ecological decline.(14-15)C.The Ecological Footprint model:definition and limitation.(16)D.Danger of“overshooting”the earths resources.(17-18)E.Catastrophic effects of overuse of oil for growth on the environment (19-21)F.Growth an excuse for continued inequality between rich and poor countries(22-25)V.Conclusion:The mission of humanity:Changing the way as it is.(26-29)Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I:Main IdeaWhy does the author start the article with Darwin and his book?What do you know about Darwins“long battle”?How does the author make smooth transition into the next part?Do you think economic growth is a more dangerous and more deeply rooted myth enveloping us?Why or why not?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I:Sentence ParaphraseBut 150 years ago,Darwin was sailing into choppy waters.The Church of England had set rigid boundaries,and his thesis was clearly a challenge to the orthodox view that humans were a separate,unique part of Gods creation and that all life was divinely created and unchangeable.used figuratively here meaning entering a dangerous field where you can easily get into serious trouble establish strict rules limiting your thinking or action Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentence Patternorthodoxestablishmentunflinchingstymiesailing into choppy watersset(rigid)boundariestrapped in (was)what we would call Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II Section 1What is GDP?Is GDP driving government policy worldwide,as the author claims?Do you agree with the author that“economic growth was a mere blip”?Why or why not?The author says that“endless accumulation and expansion is the core of capitalism”.Then how do you understand what producers did in the Depression in the US about 80 years ago when they poured tons of milk into the river instead of selling it?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II(Sec.1):Sentence ParaphraseThe equation has been drummed into us for so long that its received widsom.Growth equals prosperity and jobs.Growth equals progress.force sth to be learned by sb by repeating it over and over again become widely acceptedText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II(Sec.1):Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammarsustainingfeasibleunderlineresurgencedrummed into a(recent)turn of eventschurn outprime the pumpConsider this:the world economy grew more than seven-foldthere are no limits to the wealth we can create Growth equals progress.has only been around sinceText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II(Sec.1):Exercise1.资产价值狂跌2.减税和货币刺激措施将促进投资、提高生产、增进就业。3.金融市场暴跌4.大量公司破产5.失业人数激增6.社会病态现象增加A.Financial markets crashB.Property values plummetC.Bankruptcies pile upD.Unemployment soarsE.Social pathologies multiplyF.Tax breaks and fiscal stimulus will boost investment,production,and jobs.Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II Section 2What do you think is a healthy attitude toward the relationship between nature and man?Do you agree that“human activity is putting such a heavy strain on earths natural functions that the ability of the planets ecosystems to sustain human endeavor can no longer be taken for granted”?If so,please illustrate and if not,please present your counter-argument.CO2 emission and global warming has both been hailed and challenged by scientists.What do you know about it and are you convinced by the authors reasoning in the text?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II(Sec.2):Sentence ParaphraseNapoleon said that an army marches on its stomach;our modern globalized economy marches on oil.But its a Faustian bargain.an army needs a regular supply of food in order to keep on fightingbe willing to sacrifice anything to satisfy a limitless desire for;also a deal with the devil or pact with the devil.Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II(Sec.2):Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammarinconvenientdeclineuntenableliquidateputting a(heavy)strain on;take for granted;hit the nail on the head;tip the balance;Play outThe footprint approach does the reverse,comparing contain about the same amount of energy aswe are well past(the ecological limits to growth)at a breakneck speed.This translates intoText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II(Sec.2):Exercise1.水循环2.自然界的废物处理3.温室气体排放4.气候调节5.化石燃料的燃烧6.用尽大量资源7.生物承载力A.climate regulationB.water cycleC.natural waste treatmentD.biocapacityE.deplete stocks of resourcesF.combustion of fossil fuelsG.greenhouse gas emissionsText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II Section 3What does the author mean by“growth is an excuse for continued inequality.”What does the author mean by“the hidden injuries of class(shorter,unhealthier,and unhappier lives addicted to a mindless consumerism that is depleting the planets resources.)”?How do you understand“ramping up GDP without improving technological efficiency leads to more environmental damage.Yet improving efficiency leads to more growth,which leads to the same result.”?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II(Sec.3):Sentence ParaphraseEven on its own terms,growth isnt working.isnt having the intended effect or result.Please elaboratein ones own way;according to ones own conditions;by its ownText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II(Sec.3):Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammarIngenuity decoupleSwampedthe lions shareget by on the crumbswhistling in the darkramping up dreaming instead that Ramping up GDP without improving technological efficiency leads to.Per capita GDP has tripled average improvements of 2%a year were eclipsed by growth rates of 3%Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart IIIDo you agree with the author that“”In the North we have been living beyond our ecological means for decades,consuming too much and producing more waste than the environment can absorb,while inequality grows.”?Do you think this also applies to those in the South?What does the author mean by“Justice demands that we in the rich countries ratchet back our growth and clear some space for those who need it”?Do you agree with him on that?Do you think we are up to the mission suggested by the author?And how can it be achieved?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III:Sentence ParaphraseJustice demands that we in the rich countries ratchet back our growth and clear some space for those who need it.The fate of planet Earth may depend on it.throw up/vomit what you have eaten too much What does it mean?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammaralluringentrenchedconstructcaptured byratchet back producing more waste than the environment can absorb;where poverty is entrenched and living standards desperatewe have been living beyond our ecological means average improvements of 2%a year were eclipsed by growth rates of 3%RWBTEconomic Growth is a Path to Perdition,Not ProsperityUnit 8ReinforcementListeningListeningDiscussionDiscussionReinforcementListeningPlease listen to(watch)the following video/audio clipsAn Inconvinient Truth(an Oscar-winning documentary)More on Global Warming(a VOA report on opposing views that global warming is not a real danger)RWBTReinforcementDiscussionWork in groups of four:What is the main idea of the documentary?Do you find Al Gores arguments convincing?Any argument or reasoning you find not valid?What is the main opposition presented in the second clip?Are you convinced?What is your opinion on global warming:is it a real danger?If it is,what should we do to tackle this problem?RWBTTranslation记住,因为在将来的岁月中,你会更多地听到像气候异常、水危机、饥荒、瘟疫、全球变暖、空气和水中毒、沙漠化、水土流失等事件。Keep this in mind,because youre going to be hearing a lot more in the years ahead about things like climate aberration,water crisis,famine,pestilence,global warming,air and water poisoning,desertification,soil erosion,etc.2.如今人类的活动正在给地球生态系统施加巨大的压力。所有重要的资源都正在被迅速地耗尽。那种发达国家的人们认为是理所当然而对其他世界国家更多的人民都热切盼望的生活生活是是不可持续的。Human activity nowadays is putting a heavy strain on Earths ecosystem.All vital resources are being quickly depleted.The kind of life people take for granted in developed countries and more people yearn for in the rest of the world is unsustainable.我们通常认为，我们生产物品是为了满足人们的需要，|但是实际上在很多情况下我们粗制滥造出的很多东西仅仅是为了满足人们对利润的贪婪。我们为市场生产的很多东西实际上并不需要，甚至毫无用处。We normally think that we produce things to meet peoples needs,but actually in many cases we are churning out things only to satisfy peoples greed for profits.Many things we produce for the market are actually unnecessary or even useless.几百年来，一直存在一种错误的观念，即军事力量对一个国家极其重要。但现在，越来越多的人已经认识到，我们称之为软实力的东西很重要。谁能赢得人心，就能赢得世界。For many centuries,the great sustaining myth was the importance of the military power of a country.But today more and more people realize that what we call soft power is much more important.Whoever wins the heart of the people wins the world.上一次是中国大量注资以促进经济发展，对全球经济复苏作出了重大贡献。但这一次，我们不能以同样的方法来应对世界金融危机。Last time,it was China that primed the pump to boost its economy contributing significantly to the economic recovery of the whole world.But this time we cant deal with the world financial crisis in the same way.这个国家显然陷入困境，他们的财政已经进入艰难的境地。如果不采取改革措施，他们就不可能度过债务危机;但如果采取了，又肯定面对人民愤怒的抗议；说欧盟肯定会来救援只是自我安慰。The nation was obviously trapped.Their finances has sailed into choppy waters.If they refused to take reform measures they would not survive the debt crisis.If they did,they would surely face their peoples angry protests that the European Union would always come to their rescue was whistling in the dark.他答应，如果当选，他就会促进经济增长，提供更多的工作，增加人民收入。很多入不敷出的穷人肯定觉得他说得中肯。而这很可能会变成这位候选人的选票。He promised that if elected he would ramp up the economy and provide more jobs and higher pay.Many poor people who had been living beyond their means would no doubt feel that he had hit the nail on the head,and this might translate into more votes for that candidate.结束结束