中学初中英语语法-数词与主谓一致

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1、数词与主谓一致一、数词分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数和概数。复习时要注意下面问题：1基数词的意义：表示事物数量的多少,特别是hundred,thousand,million等,前面若有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时,它们只能用单数；2序数词的意义：表示事物的顺序,前面一般要加定冠词；3分数的形式：分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当基数词大于“1”时,序数词后要用复数形式；4小数的组成和读法：小数点读作point,小数点前面的数按基数词的方法读,小数点后面的数按数字读；5概数(1)概数的表示：tens ofhundreds ofthousands ofmillions ofdozens ofscor

2、es ofa number ofa quantity ofa fewa littlea great deal ofa great(good)many(2)概数的注意事项：概数前面不能有确切的数字,但tens ofhundreds ofthousands ofmillions ofdozens ofscores of前面可有many,several,some等修饰词：tens ofhundreds ofthousands ofmillions ofdozens ofsc0Iles ofa number ofa fewa great(good)many一般只修饰可数名词复数；a littlea g

3、reat deal of只修饰不可数名词；a quantity ofa lot oflots ofplenty of既可修饰可数名词复数,又可修饰不可数名词；fewlittle形式上是肯定,而意义上是否定；a fewa little才表示肯定的意义。6倍数的表示：(1)倍数(twice,times)+as+形容词原级+as(2)倍数+形容词的比较级+than(3)倍数+the+ n(sizelengthheightwidthweight)+of二主谓一致 、1主谓一致的原则：形式一致；内容一致；就近一致。2主谓一致的特例： (1)代词作主语 A主语是he,she,it,either,neith

4、er,each,one,the other,another,anything,anyone,something,someone,somebody,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等代词时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。B主语是I(除be动词用am外),you,we,they时,谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。C主语是who,what,which,all,more,most,some,any,none,the restthe remainder时,谓语动词的形式应依具体情况而定。(2)名词作主语A一般说来,不可数名词及可数名词的单数

5、作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。B表示总称意义的名词public,people(人们,人民),cattle,police,youth作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。C主语是board,family,class,team,group,crowd,audience,company,crew,committee,enemy,government,herd,jury,party等名词时,如果是作为整体,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；如果作为其中一个个的成员,谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。D. 主语是时间、距离、价格、度量衡单位等名词或短语时,即使是复数,谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。E主语

6、是news,politics,physics,plastics,mathematics等名词时,谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。F主语若是书名,剧名,报刊、杂志名称或国家、单位名称时,即使名词是复数形式,谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。G在算式里,主语是数词时,谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。H主语是clothes,compasses,goods,glasses,trousers,scissors,shoes,socks,gloves等名词时,谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。I主语是a lot of,lots of,plenty,百分比of+名词时,谓语动词的形式须依照名词的数而确定。J主语

7、是kind of,type of,pair of,amount of,quantity of+名词时,谓语动词的形式v须依照kind,type,amount,pair,quantity的数而确定。K主语是the number of+名词的复数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。L主语是a number of+名词复数时,谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。M主语是athe population时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。N主语是分数+population时,谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。O主语是means,works,sheep,fish,Japanese,Chinese等名词时,谓语动词的形式须依照它

8、们在句中的意义来确定。P用引号引起来的词、短语、句子作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。(3)两个或两个以上的名词连在一起作主语Aand,bothand连接名词或代词作主语,谓语一般用复数形式。Band连接的两个成对的名词,如bread and butter；soda and water；coffee and water；aim and end；salt and water等,虽有and连接,但仍表示单一的概念,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。Cand连接的两个名词若是指同一个人,即：and前的名词前有冠词,而and后面的名词前没有冠词。谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。Dand所连接的两个名词前

9、分别有：every,each,no,many a等修饰时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。,E主语是连接词or,eitheror,neithernor,whetheror,notbut,not onlybut also等连接的名词或代词时,谓语动词的形式应由与之最接近的名词或代词决定。F主语是介词in,out of,with,except,besides,without,as well as,no less than,rather than,more than,but,along with,together with,like,including,in addition to等连接的两个名词时,谓

10、语动词的形式应与这些词前面的名词的数保持一致。Gone and a half+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Hmany a+名词单数；more than one+名词单数；a+名词单数+or two等作句子的主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Ione or two+名词复数作句子的主语时,谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。(4)The+形容词作主语AThe+形容词指人作主语时,谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式。BThe+形容词指抽象概念作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。(5)主语是句子、短语A主语是非谓语动词短语时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。B主语是从句时,谓语动词一般用第三人称

11、单数形式；但what,who引导的从句作主语时,若指具体的东西或人,谓语动词可用第三人称复数形式。C在强调句型“It+ be+被强调的部分+thatwho”中,be总是用单数形式；thatwho后的谓语动词的形式必须跟被强调的主语保持一致。D定语从句中谓语动词的形式必须跟先行词的单、复数形式保持一致。注意：在“one of+名词复数+定语从句”结构中,定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式,但当one前面有the,the very,the less,the only或形容词最高级修饰时,定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。Ethere be结构中be动词的形式由紧接be后面的名词的形式

12、所决定。F在某些虚拟语气的句子中,无论主语是什么,be动词总是为were的形式。回放真题真题1She has set a new record,that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 millionAhave reached Bhas reached Caye reaching Dhad reached【答案及解析】 A根据句子的意思,谓语应用复数形式,用现在完成时态表示动作的持续性,故选A。真题2It is reported that the United States uses _energy as the whole of EuropeAas

13、 twice Btwice much Ctwice much as Dtwice as much【答案及解析】 D本题考查倍数关系的表达。有三种表达方式：1倍数+as + adj +as+其它；2倍数+比较级+than+其它；3倍数+the heightsizeweightlength+ of+其它。由此可知本题正确答案为D。真题3The teacher,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _visiting a museum when the earthquake struckAwas Bwere Chad been Dwould be【答案及解析】

14、A名词、代词与介词短语连用作主语时,谓语动词的形式由介词前面的名词、代词确定。因此本题答案为A,意思是：当地震发生的时候,老师带着班上的6个女孩和8个男孩正在参观一家博物馆。真题4No one in the department but Tom and I _that the director is going to resignAknows Bknow Chave known Dam to know【答案及解析】 A本题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是no one,而不是Tom and I,主语后面接说明主语的修饰语,如用with,a10ng with,together with,as w

15、ell as,like,rather than,more than but except,besides,including,in addition to与修饰语连接,谓语动词不受修饰成份的影响,仍与主语保持一致。真题5He did it _it took meAonethird a time Bone-third timeCthe onethird time Donethird the time【答案及解析】D考查倍数的用法。译文：他做这件事只用了我(做这件事)三分之一的时间。这句话带了一个定语从句,修饰the time,只是没有关系词。定语从句先行词为time,moment时,常不用关系词

16、。真题6The house rent is expensiveIve got about half the space I had at home and Im paying _hereAas three times much Bas much three timescmuch as three times Dthree times as much【答案及解析】D考查比较句的语序。对于比较句,“量”应放在谓语之后as之前,因此选D。真题7When and where to go for the on salary holiday _yetAare not decided Bhave not b

17、een decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided【答案及解析】 D根据副词yet可确定用现在完成时。真题8He is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years.A. is B. are C. have been D. has been【答案及解析】 D这是一个定语从句。在one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式,one of the students中的先行词是the students,定语从句中的谓语动词

18、要用复数形式。The only one of the students中的先行词是The only one,定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。又因“for three years”是完成时的标志,所以答案为D。真题9As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _covered the land.A. number, has B. quantity, has C. number, have D. quantity, have【答案及解析】B 译文：破坏森林的结果是大片沙漠覆盖了陆地。真题10_people in the w

19、orld are sending information by e-mail every day.A. Several million B. Many millionC. Several millions D. Many millions【答案及解析】A 在million,hundred等前如果有具体数字或 several等词时,要用单数形式。many一般不与million等词连用。但在表示不确切数目时用复数,如：表示“数百万”,英语为millions of。译文：每天,世界上有几十万人通过e-mail传递信息。答案为A。真题l1_of the land in that district _covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, areC. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are【答案及解析】C 分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示。如果分子大于1,序数词后加-s。分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后的名词。句子中的主语land是单数,所以谓语动词要用is covered。