2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷57

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1、2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题It is time that someone made him （ ）of the effects of his actions.问题1选项A.unconsciousB.awareC.assuredD.thoughtful【答案】B【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。unconscious “无意识的；失去知觉的”；aware“意识到的;知道的”；assured“确定的；自信的”；thoughtful “体贴的”。句意：应该有人使他意识到他的行为的影响了。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题A healthy trading

2、 system requires that countries be both eager exporters and importers. If nations dont spend what they earn abroador if weak economies make them weak importers-then the trading system will collapse. That is todays problem.Where will future trade expansion come from? Europe seems a doubtful candidate

3、. With feeble economic growth, it won t buy a lot more exports. Latin America is in a similar position. Many big countries (Argentina, Brazil) are so burdened by debt that their growth is hobbled and they strive for export surpluses-earning precious dollars-to repay their international loans. As for

4、 Africa, its so poor that it hardly matters in global trade.Well, what about Asia? It ought to save the global trading system, but it may do just the opposite. These countries are ferocious exporters; they seem to strive for permanent trade surpluses and hoard their excess export earnings. Consider

5、whats happened to their foreign exchange reserves. Since 1996, the foreign exchange reserves of some major Asian countries have jumped from about $500 billion to more than $1.3 trillion. These funds are typically left in safe investments, such as U.S. Treasury securities. A lot of attention has focu

6、sed on China, but the problem is larger than China alone.As a result, the trading system lacks circularity. The justification for free trade is that everyone ultimately benefits. Countries do what they do best. Poor countries sell inexpensive labor-intensive goods to wealthy countries and buy sophis

7、ticated knowledge-intensive goods. Living standards in all countries rise. Some workers and industries may temporarily lose, but most consumers benefit and most workers are ultimately re-employed in trade-competitive industries. Trade doesnt permanently destroy jobs; spending is circular.If too many

8、 countries hoard, the logic of free trade collapses. Trade can become an economic depressant and job destroyer. Too many sellers chase too few buyers. Countries compete for bigger shares of stagnant markets and try to shift unemployment abroad. A great, if silent, struggle has begun. For decades, ex

9、panding trade promoted global progress. It reduced poverty and spread prosperity. But if the trading system cant solve its basic problem-over-reliance on the US market-it could foster political division and economic vulnerability for all. Trading patterns must become more balanced and sustainable. 1

10、.Some big Latin America countries are（ ）.2.Which of the following statements about certain regional economy is TRUE?3.According to the author, the free trade system will collapse when（ ）.4.The author strongly advocates that a sustainable free trade system（ ）.5.The last paragraph mainly deals with（ ）

11、.问题1选项A.exporting more for enough foreign currency to pay their debtB.exporting surpluses as to reserve enough precious US dollarsC.using US dollars to pay all their international and domestic debtsD.using exporting as an effective way for their economic prosperity问题2选项A.Europe may help the future w

12、orld trade expansion.B.Latin Americas debt would hinder its export capacityC.Asia may enhance trade expansion but not spending muchD.Africa finds it hard to emerge in world-trade expansion问题3选项A.trade became economic depressant and job destroyerB.countries tried to shift their unemployment to other

13、nationsC.world trade over relied on the vulnerable U.S. marketD.too many countries are not importing much from other countries问题4选项A.should be changed through international collaborationsB.will definitely become an economic depressant worldwideC.requires a circularity of both importing and exporting

14、D.should encourage buying more from trade-competitive industries问题5选项A.economic balance and sustainabilityB.economic collapse and potential crisisC.trade competition against U.S. marketD.worldwide economic achievement today【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第二段Latin America is in a similar

15、 position. Many big countries (Argentina, Brazil) are so burdened by debt that their growth is hobbled, and they strive for export surpluses-earning precious dollarsto repay their international loans.可知，拉丁美洲也处于类似的境地。许多大国(比如阿根廷，巴西)都背负着沉重的债务，经济增长举步维艰，他们努力争取出口盈余赚取宝贵的美元以偿还国际贷款。因此，选项A “出口更多赚外币来偿还债务”符合原文，

16、故本题正确答案为A项。2.推理判断题。根据原文第三段These countries are ferocious exporters; they seem to strive for permanent trade surpluses and hoard their excess export earnings可知，这些国家都是出口大国；他们似乎在争取永久的贸易顺差，并囤积过剩的出口收入。因此，可推测选项C “亚洲可能加强贸易扩张，但不会花太多”正确。3.推理判断题。题干询问：根据作者观点，当时，自由贸易系统会崩溃。根据原文最后一段If too many countries hoard, the

17、 logic of free trade collapses可知，如果太多国家囤积，自由贸易的逻辑就会崩溃。因此，结合上下文可推测D选项“太多国家从没有从其他国家大量进口”正确。4.推理判断题。由原文第四段As a result, the trading system lacks circularity. The justification for free trade is that everyone ultimately benefits可知，以往的交易系统缺乏循环性。自由贸易存在的正当之处就是大家最终都能受益。这说明作者认为可持续发展的自由贸易具有循环性。因此，可推测C选项 “要求进口和

18、出口的循环”正确。故本题正确答案为C项。5.推理判断题。题干询问，最后一段主要讲的内容是什么？综合分析可知，文章最后一段主要讨论了贸易在何时会崩溃以及目前国际贸易太依赖美国市场所导致的隐含危机。因此，B选项 “经济崩溃和潜在危机”最符合题意，故本题正确答案为B选项。3. 单选题Someones future blurs and goes blank as anticipation（ ）nothingness.问题1选项A.smashes intoB.squeezes intoC.fades intoD.jams into【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项smash into表示“猛撞在”；

19、B选项squeeze into表示“挤入；硬塞进”；C选项fade into表示“渐渐融入于，逐渐变成”；D选项jam into表示“挤进”。根据Someones future blurs and goes blank （个人的未来变得渺茫，成为空白）可知，期望应当是逐渐变成虚无，故C项fade into符合语境。句意：当期望逐渐变得虚无，个人的未来也会变得渺茫，成为空白。4. 单选题The famous scientist was so easy-going and（ ） that college students liked to talk with him.问题1选项A.graceful

20、B.graciousC.grimD.glorious【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项graceful表示“优雅的；优美的”；B选项gracious表示“亲切的；高尚的；雅致的”；C选项grim表示“冷酷的；糟糕的；残忍的”；D选项glorious表示“光荣的；辉煌的；极好的”。根据easy-going（平易近人的）可知空缺处部分应为其近义词，因此B项“和蔼的”符合语境，故正确答案为B项。句意：这位著名科学家是如此的平易近人又和蔼可亲，大学生们都喜欢与他交谈。5. 单选题The other day an acquaintance of mine, an outgoing and ch

21、arming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly alone in New York for an hour or two between appointments. He went to the Whitney and spent the “empty” time looking at things in （1）solitary delight. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in（2） to discover that he could enjo

22、y himself so much alone. What had he been afraid of, I（3）myself? That, suddenly alone, he would discover that lie bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet? But having taken the plunge, he is now on the brink of （4）; he is about to be launched into his own inner space, sp

23、ace as immense, unexplored and sometimes frightening as outer space to the astronaut. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original. For anyone（5）can see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, something of a genius. W

24、ith another human being present vision becomes double vision, inevitably. We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it? The （6） impact gets lost, or diffused. Loneliness is most acutely felt with other people, for with others, （7）with a lover sometime

25、s, we suffer from our differences of taste and mood. Alone we can afford to be wholly whatever we are and to feel whatever（8）feel absolutely. That is a great luxury! For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasi

26、ngly rewarding. When 1 can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to （9）a few pages, take a walk with my dog, lie down in the afternoon for a long think (why does one think better in a（10） position?), read a

27、nd listen to music, I am flooded with happiness.问题1选项A.veryB.suchC.soD.much问题2选项A.loveB.emotionC.fancyD.passion问题3选项A.ponderedB.enquiredC.askedD.thought问题4选项A.activityB.adventureC.excitementD.danger问题5选项A.whoB.whomC.thatD.they问题6选项A.originalB.basicC.clearD.lonely问题7选项A.althoughB.stillC.evenD.but问题8选

28、项A.oneB.theyC.usD.we问题9选项A.inscribeB.composeC.cutD.write问题10选项A.horizontalB.verticalC.painlessD.motionless【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:C第8题:D第9题:D第10题:A【解析】1.考查逻辑关系。A选项very表示“非常，很；完全”；B选项such表示“这样的，如此的”；C选项so表示“如此，这么；确是如此”；D选项much表示“非常，很”。第一句中出现了unexpectedly alone，而空格后的solitary（a.孤独的；独居的）再次

29、提及“孤独”，因此空格处应表示“如此的，这样的”。so和such都可表示“如此的，这样的”。so是副词，修饰形容词和副词；而such是形容词，修饰名词。二者后面都接单数可数名词，但用法不同。so的用法为：so+adj.+a（an）+n.；such的用法为：such+a（an）+adj.+n.。如果后面接复数名词或不可数名词，则只能用such，故B项符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为B项。2.考查逻辑关系。由第一句中的appointments以及空缺前的great可知这种感觉应宛如“坠入爱河”一般美好，故可构成“fall in love坠入爱河”的A项正确。B选项emotion表示“情感；情绪”；C

30、选项fancy表示“幻想；想象力；爱好”；D选项passion表示“激情；热情”。3.考查逻辑关系。根据空缺前“What had he been afraid of”可知，这是作者反问自己，故C选项ask符合句意。A选项ponder表示“仔细考虑；思考；衡量”；B选项enquire表示“询问；打听；调查”；D选项think表示“想；认为；想起”。4.考查逻辑关系。A选项activity表示“活动；行动；活跃”；B选项adventure表示“冒险；冒险精祌；投机活动”；C选项excitement表示“兴奋；刺激；令人兴奋的事物”；D选项danger表示“危险；危险物；威胁”。根据空格前havin

31、g taken the plunge（在冒险尝试后）可知，他现在是在冒险，故B选项“冒险”符合句意。5.考查语法知识。空缺处及之后的can see things for himself with a naked eye属于空缺前anyone的后置定语从句。因此，空缺处应为可充当定语从句主语的关系代词，故A项who正确。6.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项original表示“最初的；开始的；独创的；新颖的”；B选项basic表示“基本的；基础的”；C选项clear表示“清楚的；清澈的；晴朗的；无罪的”；D选项lonely表示“寂寞的；偏僻的”。由上文中的seem startingly origina

32、l 以及后文中的We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it?可知，如果旁边有别人，我们会急于想知道自己同伴的看法以及自己的观点，因此最初的印象就消失了。故original符合句意，本题正确选项为A项。7.考查词义辨析。A选项although表示“尽管；虽然；但是；然而”；B选项still表示“仍然；但是；尽管如此”；C选项even表示“甚至；即使”；D选项but表示“但是；然而”。根据句意可知，空缺处后的lover应为空缺前others的进一步说明，故

33、C选项“even”符合语境，因此本题正确答案为C项。8.考查逻辑关系。And连接两个并列部分，由空缺前“whatever we are”可知，后文应为“whatever we feel”，故D项we正确。因此，本题正确答案为D项。9.考查动词词义辨析。A选项inscribe表示“题献；铭记;雕”；B选项compose表示“构成；创作，排版；使平静”；C选项cut表示“切割；剪短；释放”；D选项write表示 “书写；写信给；著述”。由空缺后a few pages可知，D选项write符合句意，故本题正确答案为D项。10.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项horizontal表示“水平的；地平线的；同一

34、阶层的”；B选项vertical表示“垂直的；顶点的；纵向的”；C选项painless表示“无痛的；不痛的”；D选项motionless表示“静止的；不运动的”。由空缺前lie down以及think better可知，躺着的时候可以更好地思考，故A项horizontal符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为A项。6. 翻译题Translate the following into English.人们都有追求幸福的权利，但对幸福的理解却因人而异。绝大多数人认为幸福来自于健康的身体、愿望的实现和事业有成。正如经常发生的那样，许多人在遇到痛苦时才意识到幸福的真正含义。【答案】People have th

35、e right to pursue happiness, but different people have different understanding of happiness. Most people believe that happiness comes from good health, wish fulfilment and successful career. As it often happens, it is not until they suffer that many people realize the true meaning of happiness.7. 单选

36、题Ive become somewhat physically unfit, so Ive started going to the gym once a week to see if I can（ ）my body.问题1选项A.tidy upB.tone upC.take upD.eat up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项tidy up表示“收拾，整理”；B选项tone up表示“増强；提高（声调等）使更健康”；C选项take up表示“拿起；开始从事；占据（时间，地方）”；D选项eat up表示 “吃光；耗尽；击垮”。根据somewhat physically unfit（身体有

37、点不健康）可知，空缺处应为“使更健康”，故B项正确。因此本题正确答案为B项。句意：我的身体已有些许不适，所以我开始每周去一次健身房，看看是否可以让身体更健康。8. 单选题Monkeys and beagles were central to recent studies linking regular physical activity and an enhanced diet to improved brain function. The monkeys participated in an Oregon Health and Science University study. It sho

38、wed primates that exercised regularly using a treadmill five days per week had a higher brain capillary volume after 20 weeks than a control group that did not exercise. Also, monkeys in the exercise group more rapidly learned new tasks. The study showed that the most significant brain benefits were

39、 experienced by monkeys deemed “least fit” at the start of the trial. The Oregon researchers said studying monkeys eliminates any skewing from the decidedly human behaviors of smoking, drinking and overeating. The findings were discussed at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in New O

40、rleans.Another new study employed 39 beagles to test the brain-enhancing effectiveness of antioxidant-rich foods (especially those rich in vitamins C and E and beta carotene). University of Toronto researchers discovered that old dogs might possibly even learn some new tricks with the proper fortifi

41、ed food in their dinner bowls. “We found old dogs on the antioxidant diet performed better on a variety of cognitive tests than dogs not on the diet,” said P. Dwight Tapp, a study co-author now based at the University of California at Irvine.” In fact, the dogs eating the antioxidant-fortified foods

42、 performed as well as young beagles.” For the uninitiated or those of us who have never lived with an old beagle or other canines dogs can experience the same memory loss and slowed cognitive function that occur in humans.Tapp and colleagues found that the antioxidant-rich diet helped improve cognit

43、ive skills in old dogs but not young dogs. A follow-up study is ongoing to determine if feeding the younger dogs the special diet helps prevent loss of brain function.Arthur F. Kramer figures to stick with humans in his brain research. Kramer is a professor of psychology at the University of Illinoi

44、s at Urbana-Champaign. He was lead author on a pioneering study published earlier this year that showed positive physiological changes in brain matter due to regular exercise.The typical man or woman loses brain matter as part of the aging process. In a first, Kramer and colleagues used magnetic-res

45、onance imaging (MRI) scans to show that individuals 55 and older who exercise regularly walking briskly for 20 minutes three times per week can preserve gray- and white-matter regions of the brain.” The great thing is it doesnt take too long to realize these benefits,” Kramer said, “We saw significa

46、nt cognitive improvement in people 55 and older over just six months. “Gray matter consists of a series of thin tissue layers in brain cells such as neurons that are critical to learning and memory. White matter is found in the myelin sheath containing nerve fibers that transmit signals throughout t

47、he brain. As people age, beginning after 30, the two types of matter shrink in a pattern closely matched by decreased cognitive performance, Kramer said. Kramer and his colleagues have completed other cutting-edge research about the brain and regular physical activity. One study slotted for 2004 pub

48、lication follows up on the gray/white-matter study. Preliminary results indicate that the same sort of brisk walking will enhance the performance capabilities of cortical circuits in the brain.“We are reporting on function and not just the physiology of the gray and white matter,， Kramer explained.

49、Another study to be published in 2004 builds on earlier findings that active older women on hormone-replacement therapy exhibit greater cognitive abilities than older men who are regular exercisers. In new findings, Kramer and colleagues have found less actual brain tissue deterioration in women 55

50、and older who have higher levels of estrogen in their bodies. Despite being a “former jock,” Kramer didnt expect that his research career would turn so directly toward fitness and physical activity. He has become a leading researcher in the area during the last decade and, along with several colleag

51、ues, turned the University of Illinois into a respected center for research on healthy aging.“There is no downside to physical activity for older adults who get clearance from their physicians to start a program,” he said, “We know it can help prevent heart disease and protect against stroke damage.

52、 Now we are building evidence that regular physical activity allows you to think better.”1.The study conducted by Oregon Health and Science University showed that（ ）.2.According to the passage, which of the following statement about antioxidant-rich foods is false?3.Arthur F. Kramer is a professor i

53、n（ ）.4.According to the passage, people begin to age after（ ）.5.From Professor Kramers research, we can infer that（ ）.问题1选项A.monkeys can learn new tasks more rapidly if they exercised regularly than any other animalsB.regular physical exercise can help to promote the brain functionC.monkeys are more

54、 cooperative than human beingD.monkeys are good at using treadmill问题2选项A.Antioxidant-rich foods are rich in vitamins C and E and beta carotene.B.Antioxidant-rich foods can help the brain to perform better.C.Old dogs might possibly even learn some new tricks if they have antioxidant-rich foods.D.Anti

55、oxidant-rich foods helped improve cognitive skills not only in old dogs but also in young dogs.问题3选项A.Oregon Health and Science UniversityB.the University of TorontoC.the University of California at IrvineD.the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign问题4选项A.33B.55C.39D.30问题5选项A.gray-and white-matt

56、er in the brain are important in deciding a persons cognitive abilityB.white matter is critical to learning and memoryC.people who are 55 and older can only preserve their gray-and white-matter in the brain by walkingD.6 weeks of exercising regularly walking briskly for 20 minutes three times per we

57、ek is enough for keeping healthy【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据原文第一段“Monkeys and beagles were central to recent studies linking regular physical activity and an enhanced diet to improved brain function.”可知，猴子和小猎犬对最近把定期体育活动和加强饮食与改善大脑功能联系起来的研究是极为重要的。而根据“Also, monkeys in the exercise group

58、more rapidly learned new tasks.”可知，锻炼组的猴子可以更快地学会新任务。因此，可推测B项“定期体育锻炼能帮助改善大脑功能”正确。A项“如果能定期接受锻炼，那么猴子会比任何其它动物更快地学会新任务”；C项“猴子比人类协作性更强”；D项“猴子擅长使用跑步机”。A、C、D三项均不能由原文推断得出，故本题正确答案为B项。2.细节事实题。根据原文第三段“Tapp and colleagues found that the antioxidant-rich diet helped improve cognitive skills in old dogs but not yo

59、ung dogs.”可知，Tapp和同事们发现，富含抗氧化剂的饮食有助于改善老狗的认知技能，但对幼狗却没用，因此D项“富含抗氧化剂的食物对老狗和幼狗的智力改善都有帮助”表述错误。根据原文第二段内容可判断，A项“富含抗氧化剂的食物含有丰富的维他命C、E和-胡萝卜素”；B项“富含抗氧化剂的食物能帮助大脑更好的运转”及C项“如果老狗食用富含抗氧化剂的食物，它们甚至可以学得一些新的技巧”均正确。故本题正确答案为D项。3.细节事实题。根据原文第四段“Kramer is a professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Ch

60、ampaign.”可知，Kramer是伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳香槟分校的一位心理学教授，故D项正确。A项“俄勒冈健康与科学大学”；B项“多伦多大学”；C项“加州大学欧文分校”。4.细节事实题。根据原文第五段“As people age, beginning after 30, the two types of matter shrink in a pattern closely matched by decreased cognitive performance, Kramer said.”可知，人们是在30岁后开始变老。故D项“30岁”正确。5.推理判断题。根据原文第五段“As people ag

61、e, beginning after 30, the two types of matter shrink in a pattern closely matched by decreased cognitive performance, Kramer said.”可知，随着人在30岁后开始变老，这两种物质（即大脑中的灰质和白质）与认知能力的下降密切相关，故A项表述正确。由原文第五段内容可知“（大脑中的）灰质对学习和记忆至关重要”，故B项错误；原文提到有规律的锻炼可以使大脑物质发生积极地变化，故C项“55岁以上的人只能通过走路来保存他们大脑中的灰质和白质”表述片面，不正确；而原文提及“55岁以上

62、的人如果经常进行规律的锻炼每周三次快走20分钟就可以保留大部分灰质和白质区域，6个月后，认知能力会有显著提高”，故D项不正确。9. 单选题Over a third of the population was estimated to have no（ ）to the health service问题1选项A.assessmentB.accessC.assignmentD.exception【答案】B【解析】考查词组的固定搭配。A选项assessment表示“评定，估价”；B选项access表示“进入，通道，机会”；C选项assignment表示“分配，任务”；D选项exception表示“例外

63、，异议”。词组have access to可表示“使用，接近，可以利用”，其余3项不可与have构成搭配。句意：估计有超过三分之一的人口没有享受到医疗服务。因此本题正确答案为B选项。10. 单选题This（ ）to the study of diseases is technically referred to as epidemiological.问题1选项A.methodB.solutionC.meansD.approach【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。由句意可知，to the study of diseases修饰空缺处的名词，A、C、D三个选项都可以表示“方法，方式”，但是只有approach可以与to搭配表示“.的方法”，method和means后不接to。solution表示“解决方案”，与句意不符，可排除。因此，本题正确答案为D项。【