2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷77

《2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷77》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷77（34页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The victim（ ）to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.问题1选项A.would have a chanceB.would have had a chanceC.has a chanceD.has had a chance【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果送到医院去，这个病人或许还能得救。这里根据句意，病人没有及时送到医院，if引导的是虚拟的条件句，而且根据if后面的时态可以知道这是表示对过去事情的推测，所以答案要选B。2. 不定项选

2、择题We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modifi

3、ed.The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a

4、person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week, a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnigh

5、t the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers.

6、An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent nigh

7、t work.The latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuri

8、ng his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hour of wakefulness and low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly spea

9、king, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as basis for selection.

10、So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.1. Why is the question of “how easily people can get used to working at night” not a mere academic question?2. The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in .3. The best solution for implementin

11、g the 24-hour working system seems to be .4. It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because .5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.B.Because

12、 sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C.Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.D.Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.问题2选项A.the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automationB.th

13、e disturbance of daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequentlyC.the fact that people working at night are often less effectiveD.the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers问题3选项A.to change shifts at longer intervalsB.to have longer shiftsC.to arrange fo

14、r some people to work on night shifts onlyD.to create better living conditions for night workers问题4选项A.body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternatesB.body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or backC.the temperature reverses when the routine is changedD.p

15、eople have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently问题5选项A.Body temperature may serve as an indication of a workers performance.B.The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has proved to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system.C.Taking body

16、temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.D.Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干：为什么说“人们适应夜间工作能有多容易”的问题不只是一个学术问题？A选项“因为很少有人喜欢颠倒睡眠和清醒的周期”；B选项“因为人们是在晚上睡觉的”；C选项“因为人

17、们被要求工作在需要上晚班的行业里工作”；D选项“因为在工业中轮班工作要求人们改变他们的睡眠习惯”。根基题干定位到第二段第二句话The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines（例如，在自动化要求机器24小时运转的工业中，人们能否从白天工

18、作改为晚上工作就成为一个越来越重要的问题），因为有些工厂需要24小时有人在的，这就导致工厂不得不实行轮班制度，所以答案选D，A、B、C不符合题意。第2题:事实细节题。题干：24小时工作制的主要问题在于A选项“自动化的引入给工人们带来的不便”；B选项“对工人日常生活周期的干扰，他们不得不频繁地换班”；C选项“人们在夜间工作往往效率较低”；D选项“事实上很难找到一些好的夜班工人”。根据题干定位到第二段第三四句It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of slee

19、p and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week, a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on.（一个人通常需要五天到一周的时间来适应一种相反

20、的睡眠和清醒的常规，白天睡觉，晚上工作。不幸的是，在工业中经常是这样的情况，轮班是每周改变的，一个人第一个星期可能从午夜12点工作到早上8点，下个星期从早上8点工作到下午4点，第三个星期从下午4点工作到午夜12点，以此类推），从这里可以推断，在需要轮班的某些行业，当人们开始适应这个休息周期后又需要换新的了，所以对工人的困扰是B。第3题:事实细节题。题干：实现24小时工作制的最佳解决方案似乎是A选项“以更长的时间间隔换班”；B选项“更长的轮班时间”；C选项“安排一些人只上夜班”；D选项“为夜班工人创造更好的生活条件”。第三段第一句话The only real solution appears t

21、o be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers.（唯一真正的解决办法似乎是把夜班交给一些长期从事夜班工作的人），C选项是该句的同义替换，所以答案选C。其他选项不符题意。第4题:事实细节题。题干：通过测量一个人的体温来判断他是否适应了日常生活的变化是可能的，因为A选项“当睡眠和清醒交替时，体温会发生变化”；B选项“体温随着睡眠和清醒的交替而变化”；C选项“当惯例改变时，温度就会逆转”；D选项“人们在高效工作时体温会升高”。最后一段第三句People engaged in normal daytime

22、 work will have a high temperature during the hour of wakefulness and low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly

23、 in terms of performance.（白天从事正常工作的人在清醒时体温高，夜间体温低；当他们改变到夜间工作模式时，这种模式只会逐渐恢复到与新的工作模式相匹配，而这种模式的速度，广义上说，与身体整体的适应相一致，特别是在工作表现方面。），由此可知，人们工作和不工作的温度是不一样的，而换成夜班后温度也是遵循相同的规律，所以答案选D。其他选项不符合题意。第5题:事实细节题。A选项“体温可以作为工人工作表现的指标。”；B选项“事实证明，选择一些长期的夜班工人是解决24小时工作制问题的最佳办法。”；C选项“定期测量体温可以显示一个人如何适应日常生活的变化。”；D选项“在那些长期上夜班或白班

24、的人当中，睡眠受到干扰的情况较少”。定位到第三段第一句话The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers.（唯一真正的解决办法似乎是把夜班交给一些长期从事夜班工作的人。），这里一个appears to与B选项中的has proved to be造成冲突，所以答案选B；第四段第三句话People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the h

25、our of wakefulness and low one at night;（白天从事正常工作的人在清醒时体温高，夜间体温低；）从这里可以知道人们在工作时体温高，休息时体温低，所以体温可以作为人们判断工人是否工作的依据，A选项正确，所以不选；第四段第二句One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature.（了解一个人何时适应的方法之一是测量他的体温）这句是选项C的同义替换，所以不选；第二段最后一句话This means that no sooner has he got used

26、 to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.（这就意味着他刚适应一种工作方式就又得转向另一种工作方式，所以他在大部分时间里工作和睡觉的效率都很低。），从这句可以看出长期轮班的人睡眠质量不好，因为睡眠受到了干扰，反之，那些长期白班或者夜班的人睡眠受到干扰的次数会少很多，D选项正确，所以不选。3. 不定项选择题Every artist knows in his heart that h

27、e is（1）something to the public. Not only（2）he want to say it well, but he wants it to be something which has not been said before. He hopes the public will listen and understand he wants to teach them, and he wants them to（3）him.What（4）artists like painters want to teach is easy to（5）but difficult t

28、o explain, because painters translate their（6）into shapes and colors, not（7）. They seem to feel that a certain selection of shapes and colors, out of the countless billions possible, is（8）interesting for them and worth（9）to us. Without their work, we（10）these particular shapes and colors, or have fe

29、lt the delight which they brought to the artists.Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies（11）and repose (休眠). Their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at, that they contain beautiful（12）. Contemporary artists might say t

30、hat they（13）choose subjects that provide an interesting pattern, that there is nothing more in it. （14）even they do not choose entirely（15）reference to the character of their subjects.If one painter choose to paint a gangrenous(坏疽的) leg and（16）a lake in moonlight, each of them is directing our atten

31、tion to（17）of the world. Each painter is telling us something, showing us something, emphasizing something all of（18）means that,（19）, he is trying to（20）us.问题1选项A.takingB.drawingC.singingD.saying问题2选项A.willB.doesC.shouldD.shall问题3选项A.learnB.learn ofC.learn fromD.learn about问题4选项A.visibleB.viewingC.v

32、iewableD.visual问题5选项A.take outB.make outC.do outD.speak out问题6选项A.happinessB.sadnessC.experiencesD.experience问题7选项A.sentencesB.textsC.phrasesD.words问题8选项A.exceptionallyB.excessivelyC.exaggeratedlyD.exactly问题9选项A.to showB.showC.showingD.shown问题10选项A.will never noticeB.never noticeC.have never noticed

33、D.should never have noticed问题11选项A.in motionB.in workC.in walkD.in mobile问题12选项A.paintingsB.sightsC.picturesD.writings问题13选项A.alwaysB.neverC.merelyD.will问题14选项A.YetB.ThereforeC.BecauseD.So问题15选项A.withB.withoutC.because ofD.because问题16选项A.otherB.anotherC.otherwiseD.also问题17选项A.the natureB.a conclusio

34、nC.the same thingD.a certain aspect问题18选项A.whichB.whatC.thatD.them问题19选项A.unconsciouslyB.intentionallyC.consciouslyD.consciously or unconsciously问题20选项A.drawB.teachC.observeD.study【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B第6题:C第7题:D第8题:A第9题:C第10题:D第11题:A第12题:B第13题:C第14题:A第15题:B第16题:B第17题:D第18题:A第19题:D第20题:B【解析】第

35、1题:考查上下文文意义。A选项“拿”； B选项“画”；C选项“唱”；D选项“说”。句意：每一个艺术家在心底都知道他想向公众（）什么。Not only( ) he want to say it well, but he wants it to be something which has not been said before.（他不仅想把它说得好，而且想让它成为以前没有说过的东西）。这里出现了两个say，所以答案应该选D。第2题:考查上下文文意。A选项“将”；B选项助动词；C选项“应该”；D选项“将要，应该”。句意：他不仅想把它说得好，而且想让它成为以前没有说过的东西。这里后面半句的时态是一

36、般现在时，所以前面句子也要用一般现在时。Not放于句首要用部分倒装，有情态动词或系动词应该把情态动词或系动词提前，没有情态动词或者系动词可以在主语之前加助动词do/dose/did（根据时态和主语人称选择）。把情态动词选项代入句中，不符合逻辑，所以只需要加一个助动词。第3题:考查动词辨析。A选项“学习”； B选项“听说，听到”；C选项“向学习”；D选项“得知关于；学习关于”。句意；他希望他们（）他。根据上文“他希望公众能倾听并理解他想要教育他们（he wants to teach them）”可知“他”想要教育公众，即希望“他们（公众）”向他学习，因此C选择正确。第4题:考查形容词辨析。A选项

37、“看得见的；可见的”； B选项“察看，观看；收看”；C选项“值得一看的”；D选项“视觉的，视力的；栩栩如生的”。句意：像画家这样的（）艺术家想要教的东西很容易。可知空格处是修饰艺术家，只有D选项能和修饰艺术家，表示“视觉艺术家”，其他选项均不可，因此D选项正确。第5题:考查词组辨析。A选项take out“去掉，拿走”；B选项 make out“理解，辨认”；C选项do out“打扫，收拾”D选项speak out“畅所欲言”。句意：画家想要教的东西很（），但是很难解释。从句中的but可以看出来前面句子的意思要和后面相反，由此可知答案选B选项。句中想表达的意思是很容易理解但是难以明说。第6题:

38、考查名词辨析。A选项happiness“幸福”；B选项sadness“悲伤”；C选项experiences“经历”；D选项experience“经验”。句意：因为画家把他们的（）翻译成形状和颜色。从句意可以把答案D排除；而A、B选项是同级反义词，选了A就可以选B，所以答案选C最合适。画家把他们的经历描述成形状和颜色。第7题:考查上下文文意。A选项sentences“句子”；B选项texts“文本”；C选项phrases段落；D选项words“文字”。句意：因为画家把他们的经历翻译成形状和颜色而不是（）。结合选项都是关于写作相关的，前面半句颜色和形状是画画里面最小的元素，所以这空也应该选择写作里

39、面最小的元素，因此答案选D。第8题:考查副词辨析。A选项exceptionally“异常地”；B选项excessively“过分地，极度地，多余地”；C选项exaggeratedly“夸张地”；D选项exactly“恰恰地，正好”。句意：他们似乎觉得，在无数可能的形状和颜色中，某种选择对他们来说是（）有趣的。所以答案选A。B选项有点否定成分，所以不能选。第9题:考查固定搭配。句意：他们似乎觉得，在无数可能的形状和颜色中，某种选择对他们来说是非常有趣，且值得向我们展示的。worth后面只能接-ing形式，所以答案选C。第10题:考查时态。句意：没有他们，我们将不会关注到这些特殊的形状和颜色，也不

40、会感受到它们带给艺术家的快乐。and连接两个并列成分，and后面句子的时态是过去完成时，所以前面也应该选过去完成时，因此答案选D。第11题:考查短语辨析。A选项“在活动”；B选项“在工作中”；C选项不是搭配；D选项没有该搭配。句意：大多数艺术家的作品的形状和颜色都来自大自然和人类（）和静止的身体。根据后文中的repose“休眠”，这里应该填一个近义词或反义词；结合选项我们这里只能选A：画家笔下的形状和颜色来自自然和人类的一举一动。第12题:考查上下文文意。A选项“画”；B选项“眼光，景色”；C选项“图片”；D选项“写作”。句意：他们的选择表明这个世界的这些方面是值得一看的，它们包含着美丽的（）

41、。空格前面的they是指的these aspects of the world，这里指的是世界包含美丽的景色，所以答案选B。第13题:考查上下文文意。句意：当代艺术家可能会说，他们（）选择一种提供了有趣模式的主题，这种主题里面没有更多的东西。从后面的which there are nothing more in it 可知答案选C。第14题:考查上下文文意。 A选项“然而，但是”；B选项“因此，所以”；C选项“（说明原因）因为，由于；（作出解释）因为”；D选项“所以；因此”。句意：（），即使是他们也做出选择，根据上文提到“当代艺术家可能会说，他们只是选择了提供有趣模式的主题，没有其他东西”，说

42、明他们会做选择，而下文说不会做选择，因此判断出上下文之间是转折的关系，而不是因果关系。A选项正确。第15题:考查上下文文意。A选项“和在一起；随着（表伴随）”；B选项“没有，缺乏；不使用，不借助（表示不伴随）”；C选项“因为；由于（后接名词或者短语）”；D选项“（说明原因）因为，由于；（作出解释）因为”。句意：然而，即使是他们也不会完全（）考虑受试者的性格而做出选择。根据前后文可知这里是双重否定表示肯定，说明艺术家不会不考虑受试者的性格就做选择，不包含因果关系，因此B选项正确。第16题:考查上下文文意。A选项other“其他的”；B选项another“另一个”；C选项otherwise“否则”

43、；D选项also“也”。句意：如果一个画家选择画一条坏腿和（）月光下的湖。and连接两个相同的成分或者两个句子；如果and连接的是两个宾语,那么lake前面应该填形容词来修饰lake这个名词，但是结合选项没有形容词的选项，而且lake前面有不定冠词a，在英语里面冠词应该在形容词前面所以不能加形容词。这里谓语动词出现了省略，因为和and前面的谓语动词一样，所以空格这句话省略谓语choose to paint，这里选another另一个，other指三者及以上。第17题:考查上下文文意。A选项the nature“本质”；B选项a conclusion“结局，结论”；C选项the same thi

44、ng“同一件事”；D选项a certain aspect“某一方面”。句意：他们每个人都在引导我们注意世界的（）。根据上文第三段第三句话Their choices indicate that these aspects of the world（他们的选择表明了这个世界的这些方面）所以这里空格处应该和前文保持一致，答案选D。第18题:考查定语从句。句意：所有这些意味着。破折号不能连接两个句子，所以不能选D。能够和all of连用的关系代词只有A选项which，所以答案选A。第19题:考查上下文文意。A选项unconsciously“无意识地”；B选项intentionally“故意地”；C选项

45、consciously“有意识地”；D选项consciously or unconsciously“有意或者无意地”。句意：所有这些意味着，他正在努力的。根据上文Each painter is telling us something, showing us something, emphasizing something，我们也不能分辨出画家是否是有意还是无意地在表达些什么，所以答案选D。第20题:考查上下文文意。第一段最后一句he wants to teach them，全文上下应该保持一致，所以答案选B。4. 单选题By contrast, American mothers were m

46、ore likely（ ） their childrens success（ ）natural talent.问题1选项A.to contribute.toB.to attribute.inC.to attributetoD.to contributein【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：相反地，美国母亲更倾向于把他们孩子的成功（）天生的才能。这里根据固定搭配排除B、D；contribute to“有助于，促成”；attribute to“归因于”，这里结合句意，答案应该选C，把自己孩子的成功归因于天生的才能。5. 单选题Surgical procedures have many risk

47、s _ in them.问题1选项A.attachedB.lyingC.inherentD.unseen【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。A选项“附加的”；B选项“说谎的”；C选项“内在的，固有的”；D选项“看不见的”。句意：手术步骤本身（）会有很多风险。根据句意我们可以排除B选项；attached一般和介词to搭配，所以A排除；unseen一般指肉眼看不见的，没有“潜在的”的意思，代入句子中不符合句意，所以排除D；根据关键词in，我们应该选C。6. 单选题His health（ ）all the housework if you are not careful.问题1选项A.failedB

48、.has failedC.was failedD.is failing【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：如果你不小心点，他可能会连家务都做不了。从从句的时态来看，if引导的是真实的条件句，根据主将从现的原则，从句用的是一般现在时，所以整个句子指的是对将来的一种假设，所以主句要用将来时，所以答案选D，用现在进行时表将来。7. 单选题It is time we（ ） in bed.问题1选项A.should beB.wereC.will beD.are【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。it is time后面接虚拟语气，有两种表达方式，一种是should+动词原形，另一种是用过去式表将来时，所以答案

49、A，B都可。8. 单选题Sometimes these are clearly stated but more often than not they are _ in attitudes and actions.问题1选项A.implicitB.hiddenC.existentD.covered【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“含蓄的，盲从的”；B选项“隐藏的”；C选项“现存的，存在的”；D选项“覆盖的，隐藏着的”。句意：有时候这些东西被描述得很清晰，但是他们会在态度或者行动上（）。根据题干关键词“clearly”和“but”，选A更符合题意，这些描述得很清楚，但是在行动或者态度方面

50、他们是隐晦的。B，D选项一般和by搭配。C选项带入句子中不符合逻辑。9. 单选题Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony, I was unable to attend _ such short notice.问题1选项A.toB.inC.withD.on【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：尽管我被邀请去参加了开幕式，但是我没能够参加。根据关键词such short notice，结合选项可知考查点是固定搭配on such short notice“刚约就要见（没有给对方充裕的时间）”，所以答案选D。attend to是“照顾，处

51、理”的意思，代入句子中间不符合逻辑。10. 单选题In the next few years major changes will be（ ）in Chinas industries.问题1选项A.brought forwardB.brought aboutC.brought onD.brought up【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项brought forward“提议”；B选项brought about“导致；使掉头；发生”；C选项brought on“导致，引起”；D选项brought up“提出，抚养”。句意：在接下来的几年，主要的变化将（）在中国的工业。这里结合选项，空格处应该

52、填发生，所以答案选B。11. 单选题A recent survey suggested that if money were not an issue, most mothers _ not to work at all.问题1选项A.should preferB.preferC.would preferD.preferred【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。选项里面都有prefer，句意是：一项调查显示如果不是因为经济问题，多数母亲更愿意选择不工作。从if可以联想到条件句，后面接的是were，可知这是个虚拟的条件，否则be动词形式我们会选was或者is，因虚拟语气的主句谓语形式是woul

53、d+原形或者would have done，所以B和D不能选，should的本意是“应该”，would的意思是“将会”，选would句意会更加贴切，所以我们应该选C。12. 不定项选择题I intend to deal with the problems of formulating practical and realistic plans for the application of science and technology by the government of a newly emerging country. I will specifically have in mind t

54、he new African nations, for various historical reasons, they are particularly short of trained manpower.The first thing which must strike, say, the Prime Minster or Minister of finance of such a young nation, is that science and scientists are expensive and that financial demands clash with the innu

55、merable other demands on a countrys very limited financial resources, and still more limited foreign currency.In considering the formulation of national policy in relation to the application of science and technology and to the increase in material wealth, it is useful to distinguish three main aspe

56、cts of this question.The first is that of known and available technology. The majority of the most urgent needs of the emerging countries in the early stages of development come into this category. To set up a motor-bus service，it is necessary to have the foreign exchange to buy the vehicles and fue

57、l, and the technical schools to train the drivers and repair personnel, but no research or development at all is needed. Nor is new research and development required to set up an airline, or a television system or an electricity supply, or a sewage system and piped water supply or the majority of no

58、rmal manufacture plants. Though such projects do not involve any appreciable research and development, they do require a large supply of technically and scientifically trained personnel to run them.The second most important aspect of the application of science and technology to a less-developed coun

59、try is that concerned with problems which are related to the special conditions of the country, and which can only be solved on the spot. Prominent among these, of course, are problems in agriculture and medicine which have specific local significance and so cannot be studied elsewhere. Then there a

60、re many problems in meteorology, geology, geophysical surveying, road building and housing, where original research and development related to local conditions are required. In addition, many new technological problems arise in the setting up of local industries, because of the special properties of

61、 the local fuels, raw materials, textiles, foodstuffs, etc. In relation to the problems, the importance of a first-rate information service is vital. It must be made as easy as possible for the research and development personnel to be kept aware of the state of general world knowledge on a particular subject, so as not to be led by ignorance into expensive researches to find out what is already well known. The opposite danger is to assume too easily that some process, technique or method, which has long been in successful use in some other country, can be transferred without modification