2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷46

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1、2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题As it turned out to be a small house party, we （ ）so formally.问题1选项A.neednt dress upB.did not need have dressed upC.did not need dress upD.neednt have dressed up【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。neednt have done意为“不必做的事而做了”。句意：原来只是一个小型家庭聚会，我们没必要打扮得这么正式。2. 单选题The laughter at his

2、 jokes is never forced, but always（ ）.问题1选项A.homogeneousB.simultaneousC.spontaneousD.instantaneous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。homogeneous意为“同性质的，同类的”；simultaneous意为“同时发生的，同时存在的”；spontaneous意为“自发的”；instantaneous意为“瞬间的”。句意：他讲笑话时人们从来不是被迫笑的，而是自发的笑。3. 问答题Human beings are social (A) animals who usually prefer not li

3、ving (B) in (C) physical or psychological isolation (D).【答案】试题答案：B; to live【解析】考查固定搭配。prefer to do sth.意为“更喜欢做某事”。4. 单选题Hard work and malnutrition （ ）his health and he looked thin and pale.问题1选项A.impairedB.promotedC.acceleratedD.smashed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。impair意为“损害，削弱”；promote意为“促进，推进”；accelerate意为“加快

4、，增速”；smash意为“打碎，打破”。句意：繁重的工作和营养不良损害了他的健康，他看上去又瘦又苍白。5. 单选题In the United States, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species living areas, and po

5、licies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990s, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United states were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl, w

6、hose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the w

7、oodcutters and the owls was still undecided in mid-1992.Similar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural area

8、s. But the developing countries may be impoverished; with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.Many of the changes, to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the plant of its biological richness. The dest

9、ruction of Earths ozone layer, for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting Earths biological diversity is a

10、 complex problem. But solutions to humanitys current problems will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earths complex web of life.1.Why does the author say that the protection of endangered

11、species is a highly controversial issue?2.According to the passage, the preservation of rain forests （ ）.3.Among humanitys current problem, the chief concern of the scientist is（ ）.4.The authors purpose in writing this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.Because people cant agree as to what species to protect.B.Be

12、cause it is difficult to find an effective way to protect such species.C.Because it affects the interests of certain groups of people.D.Because it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures.问题2选项A.may hamper a developing country in its tight against povertyB.benefits developed countri

13、es rather than developing countriesC.should take priority over the control of human populationD.will help improve the living conditions in developing countries问题3选项A.the impoverishment of developing countriesB.the explosion of the human populationC.the reduction of biological diversityD.the effect o

14、f global warming问题4选项A.to describe the difficulties in solving humanitys current problemsB.to point out the different views on humanitys current problemsC.to analyze the contradiction between countries in dealing with humanitys current problemsD.to present that humanitys current problems can only be

15、 solved through the cooperation of nations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs.（这种未可预料的形势把环境保护者的利益与公司的利益以及要承受失业的个人的利益对立起来）可知C选项“因为它影响到某些群体的利益”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由

16、文章第二段中的But the developing countries may be impoverished; with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.（但是，随着人口快速增长，开垦土地以暂时避免贫苦和饥荒恶化，发展中国家可能会因此一贫如洗）可知A选项“可能会妨碍发展中国家与贫穷作斗争”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Many of the changes, to Earth tha

17、t concern scientists have the potential to rob the plant of its biological richness.（对地球而言，许多与科学家有关的变化都有可能夺去植物的生物多样性）可知C选项“生物多样性的减少”符合题意。4.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的But solutions to humanitys current problems will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the co

18、mposition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earths complex web of life.（但是，解决人类当前的问题，只有通过协调一致的国际努力来控制人类人口，稳定大气层的组成，并保存完整的地球复杂的生命网）可知D选项“表达现在人类当前的问题只有通过各国的合作才能解决”符合题意。6. 单选题If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or（1） in you

19、r work would depend, to（2） great extent,（3） your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage.（4）the utmost importance is your attitude. A person who begins a job（5） that he isnt going to like it or is（6） that he is going to all is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder hi

20、s success. On the other hand, a person who is secure in his（7） that he is probably as capable（8）doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt as it（9） a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well. Having the（10） skills for a particular job is stre

21、ngth.（11） those skills is obviously a weakness. A bookkeeper who cant（12） r a carpenter who cant cut a straight line with a saw is hopeless cases. This book has been designed to help you capitalize（13） the strength and overcome the（14） that you bring to the job of learning. But for your（15） , you mu

22、st first take stock of where you stand now.（16） we get further along in the book, well be（17） in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening（18） kills. However, to begin with, you should pause to（19） your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to y

23、our success or failure in school: your（20）, your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.问题1选项A.improvementB.victoryC.failureD.achievement问题2选项A.aB.theC.somD.certain问题3选项A.inB.onC.ofD.to问题4选项A.InB.OfC.FromD.Out问题5选项A.convincedB.imaginedC.understoodD.dreamed问题6选项A.ensureB.sureC.uncert

24、ainD.surely问题7选项A.understandingB.subjectC.ideaD.belief问题8选项A.toB.atC.ofD.for问题9选项A.risksB.makesC.reducesD.possesses问题10选项A.prerequisiteB.educationalC.manualD.basic问题11选项A.HavingB.HoldingC.LackingD.Loosing问题12选项A.readB.thinkC.writeD.add问题13选项A.exceptB.butC.forD.on问题14选项A.difficultyB.weaknessC.strengt

25、hD.advantage问题15选项A.fortuneB.developmentC.luckD.loan问题16选项A.AsB.SinceC.OverD.Out问题17选项A.calculatingB.movingC.drillingD.dealing问题18选项A.typingB.workingC.learningD.emailing问题19选项A.examineB.throwC.calculateD.value问题20选项A.intelligenceB.workC.attitudeD.weakness【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A第6题:B第7题:D第8题:C第

26、9题:D第10题:A第11题:C第12题:D第13题:D第14题:B第15题:B第16题:A第17题:D第18题:C第19题:A第20题:C【解析】（1）考查逻辑关系。此处的Success or 46 与后面的your strengths and weaknesses（优势和劣势）相对应，success（成功）对应的词是failure（失败），因此选C。（2）考查固定搭配。to a great extent为固定搭配，意为“很大程度上，非常”。（3）考查固定搭配。此处可将“to a great extent”看作一个插入语，depend on为固定搭配，意为“依赖，依靠”。（4）考查介词辨析。

27、of与名词连用，表示具有某种性质，状态，位于句首，表示强调。正常语序为：Your attitude is of the utmost importance.（be of +名词）（5）考查动词辨析。convince意为“使确信，使相信”；imagine意为“想象，设想”；understand意为“理解”；dream意为“梦想”。此处表示“如果一个人刚开始工作的人就确信自己不会喜欢”。（6）考查固定搭配。or后面省略了主语he，be sure that后面加从句，此处表示“或肯定不适应这项工作”。（7）考查固定搭配。in ones belief为固定搭配，意为“相信”。（8）考查固定搭配。cap

28、able of doing为固定搭配，意为“有能力做某事，能够做某事”。（9）考查动词辨析。risk意为“危险，冒险”；make意为“做”；reduce意为“减少”；possess意为“拥有，具有”。（10）考查形容词辨析。prerequisite意为“先决条件，前提”；educational意为“教育的”；意为“手工的，体力的”；basic意为“基本的”。此处表示“拥有某项工作的必要技能是一个优势”。（11）考查逻辑关系。由前句的“拥有某项工作的必要技能是一个优势”可知此处表示“_这些技能显然是一个弱势”，having（拥有）与lacking（缺少）相对应，因此选C。（12）考查逻辑关系。此

29、处列举一些职业需要相对应的技能，因此主语bookkeeper（记账人，簿记员）需要会运算相关方面的能力，因此选D，add意为“加法”。（13）考查固定搭配。capitalize on意为“充分利用某事物”。（14）考查逻辑关系。由前面的“利用优势”可知此处表示“克服缺点”，因此选B。（15）考查逻辑关系。根据后面的“你必须首先评估一下你现在的处境”可知此处表示“但为了你的发展”更符合语意，因此选B，development意为“发展，进步”。（16）考查连词。分析句子结构，可知“ 61 we get further along in the book, well be .”为两个简单句，需要有连

30、词连接，over与out不是连词，since作连词，意为“从以后，由于，既然”，as作连词，意为“随着，由于”，此处表示“随着更深入的阅读”，因此选A。（17）考查动词辨析。calculate意为“计算”；move意为“移动，搬动”；drill意为“训练，演习”；deal意为“处理，涉及，论述”。此处表示“我们将更详细论述发展和加强学习技能的具体过程”，因此选D。（18）考查动词关系。此处表示“学习技能”，因此选C。（19）考查逻辑关系。根据前面的you must first take stock of where you stand now（你必须首先评估一下你现在的处境）可知此处表示“检测

31、你现在的优势和劣势”，因此选A，examine意为“检查，调查”。（20）考查逻辑关系。根据前面的“49 the utmost importance is your attitude”可知此处选C，与文章前面的内容相呼应。7. 单选题Difficult market conditions were（ ）when Korean tanners entered the UK and New Zealand raw material markets, driving up prices.问题1选项A.relievedB.changedC.deterioratedD.solved【答案】C【解析】考查

32、动词辨析。relieve意为“减轻，缓和”；change意为“改变”；deteriorate意为“变坏恶化”；solve意为“解决”。句意：当韩国制革工人进入英国和新西兰的原材料市场，抬高了价格，困难的市场条件恶化了。8. 问答题He argues that he would not want (A) his children have to suffer (B) hardship or not be (C) socially acceptable because of lack of money (D).【答案】试题答案：B; to have to suffer【解析】考查固定句型。want

33、 sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要某人做某事”。9. 单选题You may （ ）early as you have to catch an early train tomorrow.问题1选项A.remainB.reverseC.retreatD.retire【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。remain意为“保留”；reverse意为“颠倒，翻转”；retreat意为“撤退，离开”；retire意为“退休”。句意：你可能要早点离开了，因为你明早还要去赶火车。10. 单选题Greater effort to increase agricultural production m

34、ust be made if food shortage（ ）avoided.问题1选项A.is to beB.can beC.will beD.has been【答案】A【解析】考查将来时。be to do sth.意为“计划、安排或命令要做的事”，此处含有强制要求做某事，因此选A。will表示一般的将来，或者临时决定做某事；can be能够（避免）不符合句意；has been表示已经避免更不符合句意句意：如果要避免食物短缺，就必须作出更大的努力来增加农业产量。11. 单选题There are two main things that make aircraft engineering di

35、fficult: the need to make every component as reliable as possible and the need to build everything as light as possible. The fact that an airplane is up in the air and cannot stop if anything goes wrong, makes it perhaps a matter of life and death that its performance is absolutely dependable.Given

36、a certain power of engine, and consequently a certain fuel consumption, there is a practical limit to the total weight of an aircraft that can be made to fly. Out of that weight as much as possible is wanted for fuel, radio navigational instruments, passenger seats, or freight room, and of course, t

37、he passengers and aircraft themselves. So the structure of the aircraft has to be as small and light as safety and efficiency will allow. The designers of it must calculate the normal load that each part will bear. This specialist is called the stress man. He takes account of any unusual stress that

38、 may be put on the part as a precaution against errors in manufacture, accident damage, etc.The stress mans calculations go to the designer of the part, and he must make it as strong as the stress man say is necessary. One or two samples are always tested to prove that they are as strong as the desi

39、gner intended. Each separate part is tested, and then the whole assembly for example, a complete wing, and finally the whole airplane. When a new type of airplane is made, normally only one of the first three will be flown. Two will be destroyed on the ground in structural tests. The third one will

40、be tested in the air.When a plane has passed all the tests it can get a government certificate of airworthiness, without which it is illegal to fly, except for test flying.Making the working parts reliable is as difficult as making the structure strong enough. The flying controls, the electrical equ

41、ipment, the fire precautions, etc. must not only be light in weight, but must work both at high altitudes where the temperature may be below freezing point and in the hot air of an airfield in the tropics.To solve all these problems the aircraft industry has a large number of research workers, with

42、elaborate laboratories and test houses and new materials to give the best strength in relation to weight are constantly being tested.1.The two main requirements of aircraft design are （ ）.2.The maximum possible weight of an aircraft is determined by（ ）.3.The stress mans job is to（ ）.4.The first thre

43、e airplanes of a new type（ ）.5.All equipment in an aircraft must（ ）.问题1选项A.speed and costB.reliability and passenger comfortC.lightness and dependabilityD.ability to stay up in the air and reliability问题2选项A.the engineer powerB.the amount of freight roomC.the number of passengersD.international regul

44、ations问题3选项A.test how safe the plane isB.calculate how strong each part must beC.work out how height the plane may fly atD.control the amount of luggage each passenger may carry问题4选项A.are only for showB.are all destroyedC.are later broken up for spare partsD.are used for testing purposes问题5选项A.be te

45、sted to destructionB.not be too light in weightC.work especially well at high temperaturesD.work perfectly within a wide range of temperatures【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的There are two main things that make aircraft engineering difficult: the need to make every component as relia

46、ble as possible and the need to build everything as light as possible.（有两件主要的事情使飞机工程变得困难：需要使每一个部件尽可能可靠，以及需要建造一切尽可能轻的东西）可知C选项“轻便与可靠性”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Given a certain power of engine, and consequently a certain fuel consumption, there is a practical limit to the total weight of an aircraft that ca

47、n be made to fly.（考虑到一定的发动机功率，并由此产生一定的燃料消耗，可以飞行的飞机的总重量有一个实际的限制）可知飞机的最大可能重量由发动机功率决定的，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的The designers of it must calculate the normal load that each part will bear.（设计人员必须计算每个零件将承受的正常载荷）可知B选项“计算每个部分能承受的正常重量”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的When a new type of airplane is made, normally only one

48、of the first three will be flown. Two will be destroyed on the ground in structural tests. The third one will be tested in the air.（当一种新型飞机被制造出来时，正常情况下，头三架飞机中只有一架可以飞行。在结构试验中，两架将在地面上销毁，第三架将在空中进行测试）可知这三架飞机都是用来测试的，两架用于地面测试，一架用于空中测试，因此选D。5.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的but must work both at high altitudes where the t

49、emperature may be below freezing point and in the hot air of an airfield in the tropics.（但必须在海拔较高、温度可能低于冰点的情况下工作，也必须在热带地区的热空气中工作）可知飞机上的所有设备都必须能在温差范围极大的条件下工作，因此选D。12. 单选题1. Love has toppled kings, inspired poets, sparked wars, soothed beasts, and changed the course of history. It is credited for life

50、s greatest joys, blamed for the most crushing sorrows. And of course, it makes the world go around.2. All of which is no surprise to biologists. They know that love is central to human existence. We are not just programmed for reproduction. The capacity for loving emotions is also written into our b

51、iochemistry, essential if children are to grow and to thrive. And loves absence can be devastating. The loss of a spouse often hastens death in older people.3. Love began with motherhood. For mammalian young to survive, mothers must invest considerable time and energy in them. Of course, the varying

52、 growth rates of mammalian species require some mothers to invest more time and energy than others. An elephant seal suckles her pup for only a few weeks before abandoning it; other species, including elephants, some primates, and especially people, lavish attention on their young for years.4. With

53、the help of oxytocin (a chemical that fosters the bond between mothers and children), doting mothers are able to cater to their offsprings every whim and whimper. When females of most mammalian species give birth, their bodies are flooded with oxytocin, known since 1906 as a hormone that stimulates

54、uterine contractions and allow the breasts to let down milk. But oxytocin also acts as a neurotransmitter, or chemical messenger, that can guide behavior. Without it, a ewe cannot recognize her own lamb. A virgin female rat given a shot of oxytocin will nuzzle another females pups, crouching over th

55、em protectively as if they were her own.5. Studies of a small rodent known as the prairie vole, a cuddly ball of fur, whose mating bond of lifelong monogamy would put most human couples to shame, indicate oxytocin may also play a role in the heady feelings associated with romance. You just cant imag

56、ine how much time these animals spend together. Prairie voles always want to be with somebody, says Carter. The voles undying devotion is the work not only of oxytocin but also of a related hormone, vasopressin. When single male and female prairie voles meet; they commence a two-day-long bout of sex

57、 that releases oxytocin in the females brain, bonding her to the male, who prefers his mates company above all others, guarding his family against intruders with a jealous husbands zeal.6. Like some human playboys, male prairie voles seem to get a kick out of courtship mixed with danger. Carter and

58、colleague Courtney De Vries made young, unmated voles swim for three minutes before allowing them to meet a prospective mate. The exercise elevated the animals stress hormones, which are also heightened by fear. But while females scurried off after the swim without bonding to the males as they norma

59、lly would, male voles bonded faster than ever.7. Human beings unlike rodents are not entirely slaves to their hormones. But the behavior of voles may hold clues to why men and women sometimes hold divergent views of sex and romance. While many women prefer candlelight and sweet talk, men are more ap

60、t to welcome a roll in the hay anytime, anywhere. For some men (and some women), sex is especially enticing when forbidden. Carter and De Vries suspect stress hormones can interfere with oxytocins action in the brain, keeping a female vole from bonding, and perhaps preventing most women from finding

61、 danger sexually exciting. Vasopressin, in contrast, appears to work better in the presence of certain stress hormones, possibly making danger an aphrodisiac for many males.8. Passionate or platonic, love affects the whole body, setting the heart pounding, making the stomach do flip-flops, and of course, lighting the lions on fire. These visceral sensations are the work of the vagus nerve, which traces a meandering path through the body, coordinating the activities of internal organs, says the University of Marylands Stephen Porges. The vagus ferries signals between our innards and our br