2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前模拟强化练习题73（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Grandma Moses is among the most celebrated twentieth century painters of the United States, yet she had barely started painting before she was in her late seventies. As she once said of herself: “I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to

2、help me.” No one could have had a more productive age.She was born Anna Mary Robertson on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and five girls. (“We came in bunches, like radishes.)At twelve she left home and was in domestic service until, at twenty seven, she married Tomas Moses, the hired han

3、d of one of her employers. They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children, of whom five survived; her husband died in 1927. Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a hobby, but only switched to oi

4、ls in old age because her hands had become too stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a fair, and were soon spotted by a dealer who bought everything she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibited in the Museum of Mod

5、ern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930s and her death she produced some 2,000 pictures: detailed and lively portrayals of the rural life she had known for so long, with a marvelous sense of color and form. I think really hard till I think of something really

6、pretty, and then I paint it” she said.1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?2.According to the passage, Grandma Moses began to paint because she wanted to（ ）.3.From Grandma Moses description of herself in the first paragraph, it can be inferred that she was（ ）.4.Grandma Mo

7、ses spent most of her life（ ）.5.In line 14, the word “spotted” could best be replaced by（ ）.问题1选项A.Grandma Moses: A Biographical Sketch.B.The Children of Grandma Moses.C.Grandma Moses: Her Best Exhibition.D.Grandma Moses and Other Older Artists.问题2选项A.decorate her homeB.keep activeC.improve her sala

8、ryD.gain an international reputation问题3选项A.independentB.prettyC.wealthyD.timid问题4选项A.nursingB.paintingC.embroideriesD.farming问题5选项A.speckledB.featuredC.noticedD.damaged【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最适合做文章标题的是”。文章全文讲述了Grandma Moses的个人及艺术生涯，选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“Grandma Moses开始画画是为了”。

9、文章第一段提到“我不想坐在摇椅上等别人来帮助我”（I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me），第二段提到“想让自己把持忙碌来打发时间”（she wanted to keep busy and pass the time），由此可知选项B“保持活跃”符合题意。3.判断推理题。题目问的是“从第一段中Grandma Moses对于自己的描述可以得知”。文章第一段提到“我不想坐在摇椅上等别人来帮助我”（I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiti

10、ng for someone to help me），可以看出她是一个非常独立的人，选项A符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“Grandma Moses大部分时间花在了”。文章第二段提到“他们大半生时间是在农场度过的”（They farmed most of their lives），由此可知选项D符合题意。5.词义题。题目问的是“spotted可以由哪个词代替”。文章第二段中提到“（她的画作）很快被一个经销商，买走了她画的所有东西”（and were soon spotted by a dealer who bought everything she painted），可以推测画作很快被发

11、现，接着被买走，因此，spotted在这里的意思应该是“被发现，被注意到”，选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our wa

12、y of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.

13、The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White Mouse, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy,

14、 Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report “Science never have all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provi

15、de concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that its OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure, this is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the e

16、vidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing: a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of a

17、plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the plant, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initia

18、tive, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to our energ

19、y needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.1.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that .2.According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as（ ）.3.What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragra

20、ph 4)（ ）.4.According to the author, what should the Administration do about global wanning（ ）.5.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because（ ）.问题1选项A.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathB.the number of early deaths of smoker

21、s in the past decades was insignificantC.people had the freedom to choose their own way of lifeD.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense问题2选项A.a protectorB.a judgeC.a criticD.a guide问题3选项A.Endless studies kill actionB.Careful investigation reveals truthC.Prudent planning hinderD.Extensive r

22、esearch helps decision-making问题4选项A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plantsB.Raise public awareness of conservationC.Press for further scientific researchD.Take some legislative measures问题5选项A.they suffered from the governments negligenceB.a lesson from the latter is applicable to the formerC.the ou

23、tcome of the latter aggravates the formerD.both of them have turned from bad to wors【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到怀疑者认为“（抽烟有害健康）证据不足，科学也无法给出确定的解释，而那些反对吸烟的游说团体想破坏我们的生活方式而政府却置若罔闻”（That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy

24、 our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?），因此选项C“人们有选择生活方式的自由”符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第二段第四句提到“科学永远没有答案。但是科学确实为我们指导着未来的方向，重要的是我们的国家和世界各国在制定重要政策时，应该根据科学所能提供的有关当前行动会造成怎么样后果的最佳判断作为依据”（Science never have all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the futur

25、e, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions），因此选项D符合题意。3.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者通过说分析导致麻痹案例是想表达什么”。文章第四段最后一句提到“他们只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究而不是行动方案这是典型的分析导致麻痹的案例”（Instead of a plan of acti

26、on, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”）。由此可推出是因为过多的研究导致麻痹，那么可以知道是更多的研究导致了无法制定计划，选项A“无尽的研究扼杀了行动”符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章最后一段第三句话提到“如果政府不制定相关立法，国会应该帮助它去开始推广保护措施”（If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning

27、conservation measures）。选项D“采取一些法律措施”符合题意。5.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者把全球变暖与抽烟关联起来的原因是什么”。文章第一段提到怀疑者质疑科学家提出的吸烟导致人死亡的观点及接下来的后果；第二段提到通过“there are upsetting parallels today”引出全球变暖的话题，由parallel一词可以看出作者认为二者是相似的；第三段提出人们像对待吸烟问题的态度来对待全球变暖问题的错误做法；第四、五两段表达了作者对政府的期望，希望他们不要重蹈覆辙。因此，选项B“从前者中吸取的教训可以用到后者上”符合题意。3. 单选题Television

28、is one of todays most powerful and widespread means of mass communication. It directly influences our lives on both a short and long term basis; it brings worldwide situations into our homes; it affords extensive opportunities for acquiring higher education; and it performs these tasks in a convenie

29、nt yet effective manner. We are all aware of the popularly accepted applications of television, particularly those relative to entertainment and news broadcasting.Television, however, has also been a vital link in unmanned deep space exploration (such as the Voyager I and II missions) in providing v

30、isions from hazardous areas (such as proximity to radioactive materials or environments) in underwater research, in viewing storms moving across a metropolitan area (the camera being placed in a weather protective enclosure near the top of a tower), etc. The earths weather satellites also use televi

31、sion cameras for viewing cloud cover and movements from 20.000 miles in space. Infrared filters are used for night views, and several systems include a spinning mirror arrangement to permit wide area views from the camera. Realizing the unlimited applications for todays television, one may thus logi

32、cally ponder the true benefits of confining most of our video activities to the mass entertainment field.Conventional television broadcasting within the United States centers around free enterprise and public ownership. This requires funding by commercial sponsors, and thus functions in a revenue pr

33、oducing business manner. Television in USSR subjected areas, conversely, is a government owned and maintained arrangement. While such arrangements eliminate the need for commercial sponsorship, it also has the possibility of limiting the type of programs available to viewers (a number of purely ente

34、rtainment programs similar to the classic “Bewitched”, however, have been seen on these government controlled networks. All isnt as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualize).A highly modified form of television called Slow Scan TV is presently being used by many Amateur Radio

35、operators to provide direct visual communications with almost any area of the world. This unique visual mode recently allowed people on the tiny South Pacific country of Pitcairn Island to view, for the first time in their lives, distant areas, and people of the world. The chief radio Amateur and co

36、mmunications officer of Pitcairn, incidentally, is the legendary Tom Christian great, great grandson of Tom Christian of “Mutiny on the Bounty” fame. Radio Amateurs in many lands worked together for several months establishing visual capabilities for Pitcairners. The results have proven spectacular,

37、 yet the visual capabilities have only been used for health education or welfare purposes. Commercial TV is still unknown to natives of that tiny country. Numerous other forms of television and visual communication have also been used on semi restricted basis. This indicates the many untapped areas

38、of video and television which may soon be exploited on a more widespread basis. The old clich of a picture being worth a thousand words truly has merit.1.According to the passage, applications of television are easily accepted in（ ）.2.Which of the following statements is true in the eyes of the writ

39、er?3.According to the passage television in USSR（ ）.4.In the passage, the author tries to tell us purely entertainment programs similar to the classic “Bewitched”（ ）.5.The authors attitude toward television programs is （ ）.问题1选项A.metropolitan areaB.deep space explorationC.programs about entertainmen

40、t and newsD.remote areas问题2选项A.Applications of television are beneficial to big cities.B.Applications of television are believed to be good activitiesC.Applications of television are restricted to television systems.D.Applications of television benefit to the mass entertainment field.问题3选项A.is limit

41、ed to a revenue producing business mannerB.requires funding by commercial sponsorsC.puts away the need of commercial aidD.is badly in need of commercial help问题4选项A.are as good as those in the U.S.B.have been seen on many government controlled networksC.are as gray and dismal as the uninformed might

42、unnecessarily visualizeD.are not as gloomy as the uninformed might问题5选项A.positiveB.indifferentC.criticalD.dangerous【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知电视在哪方面的运用更让人容易接受”。文章第一段最后一句提到“我们都知道电视被广泛接受，尤其是那些与娱乐和新闻广播有关的内容”（We are all aware of the popularly accepted applications of television

43、, particularly those relative to entertainment and news broadcasting），因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，下面说法正确的是”。文章第二段最后一句提到“意识到当今电视的无限应用，人们可能会理性地思考我们将大多数影像活动限制于大众娱乐领域而带来的真正好处”（Realizing the unlimited applications for todays television, one may thus logically ponder the true benefits of confining most

44、of our video activities to the mass entertainment field），由此可知选项D“电视使用受益的是大众娱乐”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章所述，苏联的电视”。文章第二段提到苏联的电视是受政府控制的，所以不需要赞助（Television in USSR subjected areas, conversely, is a government owned and maintained arrangement），因此选项C“不需要商业支持”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章作者试图告诉我们与古典的Bewitched相似的纯娱乐节

45、目”。文章第三段提到“它也可能限制可供观众观看的节目类型（然而，在这些由政府控制的网络上，已经出现了一些类似经典的入迷的纯娱乐节目。与知情者可能不必要观看的节目相比，这些节目没有那么令人忧郁）”it also has the possibility of limiting the type of programs available to viewers (a number of purely entertainment programs similar to the classic “Bewitched”, however, have been seen on these governmen

46、t controlled networks. All isnt as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualize)，因此选项D符合题意。5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对于电视节目的态度是”。文章对电视节目各种好处进行了叙述，最后一段提到“这表明视频与电视的有很多还未被开发的用途，这些用途可能很快地在更广泛的基础上被开发出来”（This indicates the many untapped areas of video and television which may soon be exploited on

47、 a more widespread basis），选项A“积极的”符合题意。4. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.通过烟，我们可以看出人与人关系的深浅。客客气气递烟，说明关系尚浅；相互抢着递烟，说明地位相等，或视为相等；随随便便递烟，说明双方关系较深； 伸手到对方口袋里掏烟，掏出来还要散给别人，那就简直是亲密无间，不分彼此的 “铁哥们”了。当今，越来越多的人正更换职业或者开始更具吸引力的二次创业，其动机或者原因不尽相同，但很多人更换职业，因为他们感到厌倦。对一些人来说，二次创业源于他们意识到他们不能从正从事的工作中得到他们想要的东

48、西。他们决定去做他们喜欢并认为重要的事情。前一个职业所花的时间可能会缩小后一个职业的选择范围，所以很少人在人生的中期改换去做一项全新的职业，大多数人改换去做相关领域的一项职业。【答案】Through smoking, we can tell the depth of the interpersonal relationship. Passing cigarettes in a polite manner indicates that the relationship between them is shallow; rushing to give cigarettes each other c

49、an explain that the two persons are in an equal status or considered equally; sharing cigarettes casually to each other shows the relationship between them is deeper; stretching out ones hand to get cigarettes and giving them away to others means that the two persons are intimate friends.Nowadays, m

50、ore and more people are changing their professions or starting the more attractive second undertaking. The motivations or reasons are various, but most of people are making a career change because theyve been really fed up with it. For some people, starting a second business comes from the realizati

51、on that they cannot get what they want out of what theyre doing. They decide to do the things which they love and consider important. The time spent in the former career can narrow the options for the latter, so few people switch to a new career in the middle of their lives. Instead, most people lik

52、e to do a profession related to the fields they got involved in before.5. 单选题There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, there

53、fore, necessary for a prince to know well how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to rulers by ancient writers, who related how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given to Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable o

54、f this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures, and that the one without the other is not durable. A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself fro

55、m traps; and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and when the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist, if men were all goo

56、d, this precept would not be good; but as they are bad; and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wished to show colorable excuse for the nonfulfillment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an i

57、nfinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a

58、 great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived.1.The author of the passage does not believe that（ ）.2.The lion represents those who are（ ）.3.The fox, in this passage,

59、is（ ）.4.The writer suggests that a successful leader must（ ）.5.The writer would approve an unsuccessful political candidate（ ）.问题1选项A.people can protect themselvesB.the truth makes men freeC.leaders have to be consistentD.princes ate human问题2选项A.toil trustingB.strong and carefulC.reliant on forceD.l

60、acking in intelligence问题3选项A.admired for his trickeryB.no match for the lionC.pitied for his trickD.considered worthless问题4选项A.be prudent and faithfulB.cheat and lieC.have principle to guide his actionsD.tell the people the truth about his opponent问题5选项A.gave up all his opportunitiesB.promised to tr

61、y again next timeC.overthrew the government by forceD.told the people the truth about his opponent【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者不认为”。文章提到有两种方式来战斗，一是法律，即文斗，一是暴力，即武斗。并且用狐狸来比喻文斗，狮子比喻武斗，而一个成功的王子必须在这两种方法中自由切换，但是并没有提及到“吃人”，因此选项D“王子吃人”的说法是错误的，符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“狮子代表的是哪类人”。文章提到“王子应该学会像野兽一

62、样管理国家，要模仿狐狸和狮子，因为狮子无法避免陷阱，而狐狸无法从狼群中脱身”（A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps; and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves），狮子代表的是力量，即武斗，因此选项C“依赖武力”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章中狐狸是”。文章提到管理者必须要学会文斗

63、与武斗，狐狸代表的是文斗，可知作者对狐狸是赞赏的，因此选项A“因它的计谋而受到赞赏”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者暗示一个成功的统治者应该”。文章提到“当守诚信会让自己的利益受损时，精明的统治者可以不讲诚信”（Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest），因此选项B“欺骗与撒谎”符合题意。5.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者会赞成一个失败的政治候选人”。文章提到“当文斗行不通的时候，人们会选择第二种方式，即武斗”（but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second），选项C“用武力推翻政府”符合题意。6. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorptions in the past. It doe