2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第77期

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1、2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Ive become somewhat physically unfit, so Ive started going to the gym once a week to see if I can（ ）my body.问题1选项A.tidy upB.tone upC.take upD.eat up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项tidy up表示“收拾，整理”；B选项tone up表示“増强；提高（声调等）使更健康”；C选项take up表示“拿起；开始从事；占据（时间，地方）”；D选项eat up表

2、示 “吃光；耗尽；击垮”。根据somewhat physically unfit（身体有点不健康）可知，空缺处应为“使更健康”，故B项正确。因此本题正确答案为B项。句意：我的身体已有些许不适，所以我开始每周去一次健身房，看看是否可以让身体更健康。2. 单选题It is time that someone made him （ ）of the effects of his actions.问题1选项A.unconsciousB.awareC.assuredD.thoughtful【答案】B【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。unconscious “无意识的；失去知觉的”；aware“意识到的;知道的”

3、；assured“确定的；自信的”；thoughtful “体贴的”。句意：应该有人使他意识到他的行为的影响了。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Someones future blurs and goes blank as anticipation（ ）nothingness.问题1选项A.smashes intoB.squeezes intoC.fades intoD.jams into【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项smash into表示“猛撞在”；B选项squeeze into表示“挤入；硬塞进”；C选项fade into表示“渐渐融入于，逐渐变成”；D选项jam into表示“挤进

4、”。根据Someones future blurs and goes blank （个人的未来变得渺茫，成为空白）可知，期望应当是逐渐变成虚无，故C项fade into符合语境。句意：当期望逐渐变得虚无，个人的未来也会变得渺茫，成为空白。4. 单选题It is well known that teenage boys tend to do better （1 ）math than girls, that male high school students are more likely than their female counterparts（ 2 ）advanced math cours

5、es like calculus, that virtually all the great mathematicians（ 3 ）men. Are women born with（4）mathematical ability? Or does societys sexism slow their progress? In 1980, two Johns Hopkins University researchers tried（ 5 ）the eternal nature/nurture debate. Julian Stanley and Camilla Benbow（ 6 ）10,000

6、talented seventh and eighth graders between 1972 and 1979. Using the Scholastic Aptitude Test, in which math questions are meant to measure ability rather than knowledge, they discovered（ 7 ）sex differences.（8 ） the verbal abilities of the males and females（ 9 ）differed, twice as many boys as girls

7、scored over 500 (on a scale of 200 to 800) on mathematical ability; at the 700 level, the ratio was 14 to 1. The conclusion: males have（10 ）superior mathematical reasoning ability.Benbow and Stanleys findings,（11）were published in “Science”，disturbed some men and（12）women. Now there is comfort for t

8、hose people in a new study from the University of Chicago that suggests math（13 ）not, after all, a natural male domain. Prof. Zalman Usiskin studied 1,366 tenth graders. They were selected from geometry classes and tested on their ability to solve geometry proofs, a subject requiring（14） abstract re

9、asoning and spatial ability. The conclusion（15）by Usiskin: there are no sex differences in math ability.问题1选项A.atB.topC.ofD.about问题2选项A.in tacklingB.tacklingC.to tackleD.about tackling问题3选项A.might beB.have beenC.must beD.had been问题4选项A.smallerB.lessC.fewerD.not more问题5选项A.to settleB.to setC.settling

10、D.setting.问题6选项A.were testedB.have testedC.were testingD.had tested问题7选项A.distinctB.instinctC.remotesD.vague问题8选项A.SinceB.HoweverC.AsD.While问题9选项A.scarcely notB.virtuallyC.largelyD.hardly.问题10选项A.superficiallyB.universallyC.inherentlyD.initially,问题11选项A.asB.thatC.whichD.all问题12选项A.fewB.not a fewC.no

11、t fewD.quite few问题13选项A.beB.wereC.wasD.is问题14选项A.none ofB.neither ofC.eitherD.both问题15选项A.gotB.gainedC.reachedD.accomplished【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A第6题:D第7题:A第8题:D第9题:D第10题:C第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:D第15题:C【解析】1.考查固定搭配。do better at. 在方面做得更好。2.考查固定搭配。be likely to do sth.可能做某事,故选C。3.语法题。考查时态。空格所在句意

12、为: 伟大的数学家几乎都是男性,这里强调从过去到现在一直存在的事实,因此用现在完成时。4.语义题。smaller 更小的，一般指尺寸、数量等;less和fewer都可以表示更少的，较少的但less修饰不可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词;not more 不多。由关键词ability可知B正确。5.考查固定搭配。try to do sth. 努力做某事。此处动词settle与debate搭配表示 “解决争端”。6.语法题。考查时态。根据关键词between 1972 and 1979可知，此处需耍用过去完成吋态。7.考查形容词辨析。distinct 明显的；instinct 本能，天性；remo

13、te 偏远的，偏僻的；vague 模糊的。此处句意为:他们发现不同的性别之间有很大的不同,故选A。8.考查逻辑关系。逗号前后两个分句之间是对比关系，因此引导词用while。9.考查副词辨析。scarcely 几乎不，一般没有scarcely not连用的情况；virtually 事实上，几乎;largely 主要地，在很大程度上；hardly 几乎不。前后分句为对比关系。故选D。10.考查副词辨析。superficially 表面地；universally 普遍地；inherently 固有地，内在地; initially 最初。这里想表达“相比女性,男性在数学方面有内在优势”,故选C。11.

14、语法题。考查从句的引导词。“ （ ）were published inScience”这部分为非限制性定语从句修饰Benbow and Stanleys findings，C项which能引导非限制性定语从句,故选C。12.语义题。few 很少的；not a few 不少，相当多；没有now few和quite few的用法。此处句意为:这一研究结果让一些男性和很多女性感到不安,故选B。13.语法题。考查时态和主谓一致。此处需填入系动词,此处主语是math,故排除A和B。根据提示词now可知,D正确。14.考查固定搭配。both.and. 不但而且。15.考查固定搭配。reach a conc

15、lusion得出结论。5. 单选题The beam that is （ ）by a laser differs in several ways from the light that comes out of a flashlight.问题1选项A.transportedB.emittedC.motivatedD.translated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A项transport表示“运输”；B项emit表示“发出，发射”；C项motivate 表示“刺激；使有动机”；D项translate表示“翻译，转化”。根据句意“激光发出的光与手电筒 的光在一些方面存在差异。”可知，B项“发

16、出”最符合句意，故本题正确答案为B项。6. 单选题This was the（ ）when anti-globalization protesters took to the streets during the WorldEconomic Forum at Davos in January.问题1选项A.sceneB.sightC.viewD.vision【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项scene表示“场面，场景，事件”；B选项sight表示“视力，景象，眼界”；C选项view表示“观察，视野，意见”；D选项vision表示“视力，美景，幻想”。空缺处名词作when引导的定语从句的先

17、行词，只有scene“情景，场景”合适，故本题正确答案为A。【句意】今年1月，反全球化抗议者在达沃斯世界经济论坛期间走上街头，这就是当时的情景。7. 单选题Its good to know that quite a few popular English expressions actually（ ）from the Bible.问题1选项A.acquireB.resultC.obtainD.derive【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项acquire表示“获得，取得”；B选项result表示“结果，导致”；C选项obtain表示“获得，取得”；D选项derive表示“源于，得自”。根

18、据句意可知，很多流行的英语表达实际上来自圣经。因此，本题选择D项最符合句意。8. 单选题We booked rooms at the hotel （ ）we should find no vacancies on our arrival.问题1选项A.wheneverB.ifC.sinceD.lest【答案】D【解析】考查语法中连词的用法。A项whenever 表示“无论何时”；B项if表示“如果；是否”；C项since表示“自从；既然”；D项lest表示“以免，唯恐”，根据句意以及逻辑关系可知，本题正确答案为D项。9. 单选题He was（ ） to tell the truth even

19、to his closed friend.问题1选项A.too much of a cowardB.too much the cowardC.a coward enoughD.enough of a coward【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。句意：他太胆怯，甚至都不敢把真相告诉他的好朋友。too much of a. to do sth.是英语中的固定用法，是too.to. 句式与much of a.句式的混合用法，表示“太而不能”，只有A项符合，因此答案选A。10. 单选题Monkeys and beagles were central to recent studies linking

20、regular physical activity and an enhanced diet to improved brain function. The monkeys participated in an Oregon Health and Science University study. It showed primates that exercised regularly using a treadmill five days per week had a higher brain capillary volume after 20 weeks than a control gro

21、up that did not exercise. Also, monkeys in the exercise group more rapidly learned new tasks. The study showed that the most significant brain benefits were experienced by monkeys deemed “least fit” at the start of the trial. The Oregon researchers said studying monkeys eliminates any skewing from t

22、he decidedly human behaviors of smoking, drinking and overeating. The findings were discussed at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in New Orleans.Another new study employed 39 beagles to test the brain-enhancing effectiveness of antioxidant-rich foods (especially those rich in vitam

23、ins C and E and beta carotene). University of Toronto researchers discovered that old dogs might possibly even learn some new tricks with the proper fortified food in their dinner bowls. “We found old dogs on the antioxidant diet performed better on a variety of cognitive tests than dogs not on the

24、diet,” said P. Dwight Tapp, a study co-author now based at the University of California at Irvine.” In fact, the dogs eating the antioxidant-fortified foods performed as well as young beagles.” For the uninitiated or those of us who have never lived with an old beagle or other canines dogs can exper

25、ience the same memory loss and slowed cognitive function that occur in humans.Tapp and colleagues found that the antioxidant-rich diet helped improve cognitive skills in old dogs but not young dogs. A follow-up study is ongoing to determine if feeding the younger dogs the special diet helps prevent

26、loss of brain function.Arthur F. Kramer figures to stick with humans in his brain research. Kramer is a professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He was lead author on a pioneering study published earlier this year that showed positive physiological changes in brain

27、matter due to regular exercise.The typical man or woman loses brain matter as part of the aging process. In a first, Kramer and colleagues used magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) scans to show that individuals 55 and older who exercise regularly walking briskly for 20 minutes three times per week can

28、preserve gray- and white-matter regions of the brain.” The great thing is it doesnt take too long to realize these benefits,” Kramer said, “We saw significant cognitive improvement in people 55 and older over just six months. “Gray matter consists of a series of thin tissue layers in brain cells suc

29、h as neurons that are critical to learning and memory. White matter is found in the myelin sheath containing nerve fibers that transmit signals throughout the brain. As people age, beginning after 30, the two types of matter shrink in a pattern closely matched by decreased cognitive performance, Kra

30、mer said. Kramer and his colleagues have completed other cutting-edge research about the brain and regular physical activity. One study slotted for 2004 publication follows up on the gray/white-matter study. Preliminary results indicate that the same sort of brisk walking will enhance the performanc

31、e capabilities of cortical circuits in the brain.“We are reporting on function and not just the physiology of the gray and white matter,， Kramer explained. Another study to be published in 2004 builds on earlier findings that active older women on hormone-replacement therapy exhibit greater cognitiv

32、e abilities than older men who are regular exercisers. In new findings, Kramer and colleagues have found less actual brain tissue deterioration in women 55 and older who have higher levels of estrogen in their bodies. Despite being a “former jock,” Kramer didnt expect that his research career would

33、turn so directly toward fitness and physical activity. He has become a leading researcher in the area during the last decade and, along with several colleagues, turned the University of Illinois into a respected center for research on healthy aging.“There is no downside to physical activity for olde

34、r adults who get clearance from their physicians to start a program,” he said, “We know it can help prevent heart disease and protect against stroke damage. Now we are building evidence that regular physical activity allows you to think better.”1.The study conducted by Oregon Health and Science Univ

35、ersity showed that（ ）.2.According to the passage, which of the following statement about antioxidant-rich foods is false?3.Arthur F. Kramer is a professor in（ ）.4.According to the passage, people begin to age after（ ）.5.From Professor Kramers research, we can infer that（ ）.问题1选项A.monkeys can learn n

36、ew tasks more rapidly if they exercised regularly than any other animalsB.regular physical exercise can help to promote the brain functionC.monkeys are more cooperative than human beingD.monkeys are good at using treadmill问题2选项A.Antioxidant-rich foods are rich in vitamins C and E and beta carotene.B

37、.Antioxidant-rich foods can help the brain to perform better.C.Old dogs might possibly even learn some new tricks if they have antioxidant-rich foods.D.Antioxidant-rich foods helped improve cognitive skills not only in old dogs but also in young dogs.问题3选项A.Oregon Health and Science UniversityB.the

38、University of TorontoC.the University of California at IrvineD.the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign问题4选项A.33B.55C.39D.30问题5选项A.gray-and white-matter in the brain are important in deciding a persons cognitive abilityB.white matter is critical to learning and memoryC.people who are 55 and ol

39、der can only preserve their gray-and white-matter in the brain by walkingD.6 weeks of exercising regularly walking briskly for 20 minutes three times per week is enough for keeping healthy【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据原文第一段“Monkeys and beagles were central to recent studies linking regu

40、lar physical activity and an enhanced diet to improved brain function.”可知，猴子和小猎犬对最近把定期体育活动和加强饮食与改善大脑功能联系起来的研究是极为重要的。而根据“Also, monkeys in the exercise group more rapidly learned new tasks.”可知，锻炼组的猴子可以更快地学会新任务。因此，可推测B项“定期体育锻炼能帮助改善大脑功能”正确。A项“如果能定期接受锻炼，那么猴子会比任何其它动物更快地学会新任务”；C项“猴子比人类协作性更强”；D项“猴子擅长使用跑步机”。

41、A、C、D三项均不能由原文推断得出，故本题正确答案为B项。2.细节事实题。根据原文第三段“Tapp and colleagues found that the antioxidant-rich diet helped improve cognitive skills in old dogs but not young dogs.”可知，Tapp和同事们发现，富含抗氧化剂的饮食有助于改善老狗的认知技能，但对幼狗却没用，因此D项“富含抗氧化剂的食物对老狗和幼狗的智力改善都有帮助”表述错误。根据原文第二段内容可判断，A项“富含抗氧化剂的食物含有丰富的维他命C、E和-胡萝卜素”；B项“富含抗氧化剂的食

42、物能帮助大脑更好的运转”及C项“如果老狗食用富含抗氧化剂的食物，它们甚至可以学得一些新的技巧”均正确。故本题正确答案为D项。3.细节事实题。根据原文第四段“Kramer is a professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.”可知，Kramer是伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳香槟分校的一位心理学教授，故D项正确。A项“俄勒冈健康与科学大学”；B项“多伦多大学”；C项“加州大学欧文分校”。4.细节事实题。根据原文第五段“As people age, beginning after 30, the two

43、types of matter shrink in a pattern closely matched by decreased cognitive performance, Kramer said.”可知，人们是在30岁后开始变老。故D项“30岁”正确。5.推理判断题。根据原文第五段“As people age, beginning after 30, the two types of matter shrink in a pattern closely matched by decreased cognitive performance, Kramer said.”可知，随着人在30岁后开

44、始变老，这两种物质（即大脑中的灰质和白质）与认知能力的下降密切相关，故A项表述正确。由原文第五段内容可知“（大脑中的）灰质对学习和记忆至关重要”，故B项错误；原文提到有规律的锻炼可以使大脑物质发生积极地变化，故C项“55岁以上的人只能通过走路来保存他们大脑中的灰质和白质”表述片面，不正确；而原文提及“55岁以上的人如果经常进行规律的锻炼每周三次快走20分钟就可以保留大部分灰质和白质区域，6个月后，认知能力会有显著提高”，故D项不正确。11. 单选题No one can function if they are（ ）of adequate sleep.问题1选项A.deprivedB.rippe

45、dC.strippedD.contrived【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项deprive“使丧失，剥夺”，常和介词of搭配；B选项rip“撕裂”；C选项strip “剥去”；D选项contrive“谋划，设法做到”。句意：如果剥夺了充足的睡眠，没有人能正常工作。deprive和strip都有剥夺的意思，但是strip较普遍，多指剥削金钱，土地等物质上的东西。而deprive除了前面的意思，还可以特指权利，势力等东西。所以选项A更符合语境。12. 单选题This ticket（ ）you to a free meal in our new restaurant.问题1选项A.givesB.

46、grantsC.entitlesD.credits【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。根据句意：这张票使你有资格在我们新开的餐馆享受一顿免费的用餐。C选项entitle“使某人有.权利或资格”，后常接介词to意为“拥有.的权利”，符合语境；A选项give和B选项grant都有“授予”的意思，但接sb.的时候后不接介词，而是give/grant sb.sth.，所以均不正确；D选项credit做动词意为“相信，把.归给”，不符合语境。所以本题选C。13. 单选题Dont this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.问题1选项A.reli

47、eveB.releaseC.relateD.inform【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项relieve表示“解除，减轻”；B选项release表示“释放，发布”；C选项relate表示“涉及，关联，认同”；D选项inform表示“通知，告诉”。根据句意可知，在得到许可前切勿向大众发布消息。故本题正确答案为B选项。14. 单选题Being（ ）your job is fine, of course, but you shouldnt let work eat up all your leisure time.问题1选项A.trapped inB.committed toC.convin

48、ced ofD.confronted with【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项be trapped in表示“被困在；陷入困境”；B选项be committed to表示“致力于；委身于”；C选项be convinced of表示“确信；认识到”；D选项be confronted with表示 “面临，面对”。根据you shouldnt let work eat up all your leisure time可知，虽然致力于工作是好的，但你不应该让工作占据所有的休闲时间。因此，B选项最符合句意，故本题正确答案为B。15. 单选题This transformation is marke

49、d by several developments. Almost all the major armed conflictsin the world today are internal, there are unfolding within （1） boundaries and typically are being fought by multiple semi-autonomous armed groups. These conflicts are（2） by a particular brand of lawlessness, cruelty and chaos. In partic

50、ular, they are defined by the systematic and widespread targeting of civilian （3）.（4） these situations, warring parties routinelyignore international humanitarian law, which has traditionally moderated, if not governed, the conduct of inter-state （5）.These conflicts tend to be protracted, lasting （6

51、） if not decades, often in recurring （7）,thus exposing successive genera（8） soldiers. Another feature of these conflicts is the proliferation of light-weight （9） that are easily assembled and borne by children. Moreover the （10） use of anti-personnel landmines has exacerbated the vulnerability of ch

52、ildren in these situations.问题1选项A.nationalB.internationalC.externalD.internal问题2选项A.namedB.characterizedC.labeledD.called问题3选项A.peoplesB.personC.menD.populations问题4选项A.UnderB.OnC.InD.With问题5选项A.warsB.battlesC.fightsD.disputes问题6选项A.monthsB.yearsC.hoursD.days问题7选项A.recyclesB.circlesC.cyclesD.loops问题8

53、选项A.infantB.babyC.childrenD.child问题9选项A.gunsB.weaponsC.pistolsD.rifles问题10选项A.indiscriminateB.discriminateC.discriminatingD.discriminated【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D第6题:B第7题:C第8题:C第9题:B第10题:A【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项national表示“国家的”，B选项international表示“国际的，世界的”，C选项external表示“外部的，外面的”，D选项internal表示“内部的，国内的”

54、。根据Almost all the major armed conflicts in the world today are internal可知“当今世界，几乎所有主要的武装冲突都是内部的”可知，这些冲突不会逾越国家的范畴，因此within national boundaries符合上下文，故本题正确答案为A。2.考查固定搭配。词组be characterized by表示“具有的特性；以为特征”。四个选项中只有B选项可以与by构成搭配，故本题正确答案为B。3.考查名词词义辨析。根据句意，空缺处应填入表示“人们”的名词且应为复数，故排除peoples （民族）和表示单数的person（人）。

55、populations意为各地人口，表示一个群体，比一般意义的men更符合上下文语义，因此本题正确答案选D。4.考查固定搭配。词组under these situations表示“在这种情形下”。5.考查名词词义辨析。A选项 wars表示“战争”，是总称，一般包括多个大规模战役；B选项battles表示“战争，竞争，搏斗”，侧重某一次具体全面的战斗；C选项fights表示“打架，斗争”，侧重描述战争的动作；D选项disputes表示“争论，争端”，侧重意见有分歧。四个选项中disputes “争端”范围最广。因此，本题正确答案为D项。6.考查逻辑关系。根据句中关键信息decades “数十年”

56、可知空缺处填years最符合句意。故本题正确答案为B项。7.考查固定搭配。分析空缺处句子可知，in recurring 是方式状语，A选项recycles表示“回收，循环利用”，B选项circles表示“圆，循环”，C选项cycles表示“周期，循环”，D选项loops表示“环形，环状结构”。只有C选项可以与in构成词组in cycles，表示“周期性地（发生）”，而inrecurring cycles表示“重复周期性地（发生）”。因此，本题正确答案为C项。8.考查语法结构。空缺处填入的名词作soldiers的定语，soldiers为复数，所以修饰部分的名词也用复数，children sold

57、iers 表示“童子军”。因此，本题正确答案为C项。9.考查名词词义辨析。空缺处填入的名词被light-weight（轻型的）所修饰。A选项guns表示“枪，炮”，B选项weapons表示“武器”，C选项pistols表示“手枪”，D选项rifles表示“步枪”。根据上下文可知，此处并不能确定使用的是哪种枪支，故选择weapons“武器”表示的范围最广。因此，本题正确答案为B项。10.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项indiscriminate表示“任意的，无差别的，不分青红皂白的”；B选项discriminate表示“v. 区别，辨别”；C选项discriminating表示“不公平对待的，有辨识

58、的”；D选项discriminated表示“受歧视的”。根据句中关键信息has exacerbated the vulnerability of children（加剧了儿童的脆弱性）可知，空缺处选择A项最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为A项。16. 单选题Physics is （ ）to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.问题1选项A.alikeB.equivalentC.likelyD.uniform【答案】B【解析】句意:物理学也相当于一门科学，在历史上，这门科学被称为自然哲学。考查形容词辨析。alike

59、相同的，相似的；equivalent相等的，相同的；likely可能的，预料的，有希望的；uniform 一致的，统一的。故B符合句意。17. 翻译题A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.According to the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, well officially welcome the Year of the Horse following the arrival of Spring Festival.The horse has played an important

60、rote throughout human history all over the world. Horses were used for thousands of years as a means of transport, a weapon of war and a plougher of fields, but the horse was more than just a vehicleit had more character than a car, a tank or a tractor. In the Middle Ages in Western societies, the h

61、orse was a symbol of chivalry （骑士精神） and nobility. In fact, the word chivalry，coines from “cheval” in Old French, which meant horse. The idea of chivalry helped to fashion the 19th-century concept of the “gentleman”，which was related to courtesy, courage and loyalty to friends. Nowadays, because of economic development, people in Modem societies are less likely to see or ride horses. Peop