2022年考博英语-浙江工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷24

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1、2022年考博英语-浙江工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The joys of travel, having long（ ）the disabled, are opening up to virtually anyone who has the means.问题1选项A.omittedB.missedC.neglectedD.discarded【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项omitted“遗漏，省略”；B选项missed“错过，投偏”；C选项neglected“忽视，疏忽”；D选项discarded“丢弃”。句意：长期以来被忽视的残疾人旅行的乐趣正在向任何有

2、办法的人开放。这里表示的是“之前残疾人士的旅行乐趣被忽视了”，因此C选项符合题意。2. 单选题Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle Ages.问题1选项A.crudelyB.rarelyC.originallyD.symbolically【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项crudely“粗糙地，天然地”；B选项rarely“稀有地”；C选项originally“最初，本来”；D选项symbolically“象征性地”。句意：在中世纪，水泥很少用于建筑。B选项与划线词词义最接近，因此B选项符合题意。3. 单选题In a su

3、dden（ ）of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.问题1选项A.attackB.burstC.splitD.blast【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项attack“攻击，抨击”；B选项burst“爆炸，猝发，突然爆发”；C选项split“劈开，裂缝”；D选项blast“冲击波，一阵”。句意：那人_，把伸手可及的一切东西都撕碎了。这句话表达的意思是“那人勃然大怒”，因此B选项符合题意。4. 单选题The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use

4、its scarce resources.问题1选项A.urgentB.difficultC.terrifyingD.puzzling【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项urgent“紧急的，急迫的”；B选项difficult“困难的”；C选项terrifying“令人恐惧的”；D选项puzzling“令人迷惑的”。句意：任何经济体系面临的最紧迫的问题是如何利用其稀缺的资源。句中划线词的定义是“紧迫的”，与A选项最为接近，因此A选项符合题意。5. 翻译题Now as to the matter of lying, you want to be very careful about lyin

5、g; otherwise you are nearly sure to get caught. Once caught, you can never again be, in the eyes of the good and pure, what you were before. Many a young person has injured himself permanently through a single clumsy and ill-finished lie, the result of carelessness born of incomplete training. Some

6、authorities hold that the young ought not to lie at all. That, of course, is putting it rather stronger than necessary; still while l cannot go quite so far as that, I do maintain, and I believe I am right, that the young ought to be temperate in the use of this great art until practice and experien

7、ce shall give them that confidence, elegance and precision which alone can make the accomplishment graceful and profitable. Practice, diligence, painstaking attention to detailthese are requirements; these in time, will make the student perfect; upon these, and upon these only, may he rely as the su

8、re foundation for future eminence. Think what tedious years of study, thought, practice, experience, went to the equipment of that peerless old master who was able to impose upon the whole world the lofty and sounding maxim that “Truth is mighty and will prevail”the most majestic compound fracture o

9、f fact which any of woman born has yet achieved. For the history of our race, and each individuals experience, are sown thick with evidence that a truth is not hard to kill and a lie told well is immortal. There is in Boston a monument of the man who discovered anesthesia.【答案】现在要是说到说谎，你必须要非常小心地说谎；否则

10、你几乎肯定会被抓。在善良和纯洁的人眼里，一旦你被抓住，你就再也不可能是你以前的样子了。许多年轻人就因为一个笨拙的、没有完成的谎言而永久地伤害了自己，这是缺乏训练而导致的粗心的结果。一些权威人士认为，年轻人根本不应该撒谎。当然，这是一种过于强烈的表达；尽管我不能做到那样，我还是会坚持，我相信我是对的，年轻人在运用这门伟大的艺术时应该有节制，直到实践和经验会给他们带来自信、优雅和精确，而只有这些才能使你优雅而有益地完成这门艺术。实践、勤奋、对细节的细心这些都是要求；这些假以时日，会使学生臻于完美；在这些基础上，也只有在这些基础上，他才能作为未来显赫的可靠基础。想想看，这位举世无双的老大师，经过多年

11、枯燥乏味的学习、思考、实践和经验，才得以把“真理是强大的，并且将会获胜”这句崇高而响亮的格言传遍全世界这是迄今为止任何一位女性所取得的最宏伟的复合断裂事实。因为我们人类的历史和每个人的经历都布满了证据，证明真理不难消灭，而讲得好的谎言则是不朽的。波士顿有一座纪念麻醉术发明者的纪念碑。6. 单选题“In every known human society the males needs for achievement can be recognized. In a great number of human societies mens sureness of their sex role is

12、 tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice. Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat.”This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in whi

13、ch the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defences whic

14、h men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of womens pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that

15、 men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of mens status. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.Secondly, there is the very l

16、arge increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children. More diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behavior: the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admis

17、sion of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities.Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology, but that does not matter since it is

18、 not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of peoples sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes. In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while wo

19、men keep the fire going. Amorous initiative is firmly reserved to the man, who sets about courtship with a club.52. The phrase “mens sureness of their sex role” in the first paragraph suggests that they（ ）.53. The third paragraph does NOT claim that men（ ）.54. The third paragraph（ ）.55. At the end o

20、f the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order to（ ）.问题1选项A.are confident in their ability to charm womenB.take the initiative in courtshipC.have a clear idea of what is considered “manly”D.tend to be more immoral than women are问题2选项A.prevent women from taking up certain profess

21、ionsB.secretly admire womens intellect and resolutionC.doubt whether women really mean to succeed in businessD.forbid women to join certain clubs and societies问题3选项A.generally agrees with the first paragraphB.has no connection with first paragraphC.repeats the argument of the second paragraphD.contr

22、adicts the last paragraph问题4选项A.show that men are stronger than womenB.carry further the ideas of the earlier paragraphsC.support the first.sentence of the same paragraphD.disown the ideas he is expressing【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C【解析】52.判断推理题。根据文章关键词定位到第一段mens sureness of their sex role is tied up wi

23、th their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice（男子对其性别角色的确定与他们从事某些妇女不允许从事的活动的权利或能力有关）。从此句可知，男人们很清楚自己的“大男人”的角色，并且通过一些方式来把握和巩固这个地位，因此C选项“清楚地知道什么才是男子汉气概”正确。A选项“对自己吸引女性的能力有信心”，没有提及；B选项“在求爱中采取主动”，亦没有提及；D选项“往往比女人更不道德”，文章没有具体说明。53.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段There is a f

24、low of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of . doubt of the seriousness of womens pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world. （有大量的出版物是关于持续的对妇女的家庭束缚，关于男性为他们迄今所接受的优

25、势建立的复杂的防御体系，有时以排除在各种职业和社交团体之外的明显形式出现，有时，更微妙的形式是，对女性自命不凡的严肃程度的自动怀疑，就像人们认为的，男性在管理世界时所具有的智慧和决心。）从这段话中可以看到A选项“阻止妇女从事某种职业”；B选项“暗自羡慕女人的智慧和决心”以及D选项“禁止妇女参加某些俱乐部和社团”都是文段中有提到的，只有C选项“怀疑女性是否真的想在商业上取得成功”是没有提及的，因此C选项当选。54.判断推理题。第一段讲述的是男性会通过阻止妇女进入某个领域或从事某项壮举来保证他们的男子气概，而第三段说There is a flow of publications about the

26、 continuing domestic bondage of . occupation and sociable groupings. （关于妇女继续受到家庭奴役和男子围绕其迄今为止公认的优势所建立的复杂的防御体系的出版物层出不穷，有时采取明显的形式，将妇女排除在各种职业和社交团体之外。）和第一段说的几乎都是同样的主题，因此A选项“大致同意第一段”正确。B选项“和第一段没有关系”；C选项“重复第二段的论点”以及D选项“与最后一段矛盾”，最后一段并没有谈到这方面的信息，都不正确。55.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段，在文章最后一段结尾处作者用比较夸张的方式提到，在原始社会里，男人和女

27、人的分工，以及扮演的角色。而本段第一句话Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life.（人们都持着那种从人类最原始的状态时就有的关于男人和女人社会角色的观点。）因此最后两句话形象而具体地解释了那种观点到底是什么。因此C选项“支持同一段的第一句话”正确。A选项“表明男人比女人更强大”，并没有明确说明；B选项“进一步表达最初段落的意思”，最后一段并没有继续讲述第一段的信息；D选项“否认他所表达的观点”，不正确。7. 单选题Im m

28、uch obliged to your kindness.问题1选项A.delightfulB.vitalC.gratefulD.respectful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项delightful“可爱的，讨人喜欢的”；B选项vital“至关重要的，生死攸关的”；C选项grateful“感谢的，令人愉快的”；D选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”。句意：我非常感谢你的好意。句中的obliged to是“感激”的意思，因此C选项符合题意。8. 翻译题The average person sees tens of thousands of images a day-image

29、s on television, in newspapers and magazines, and on the sides of buses. Images also grace soda cans and T-shirts, and Internet search engines can instantly procure images for any word you type. Today, anyone with a digit camera and a PC can produce and alter an image. As a result, the power of the

30、image has been diluted in one sense, but strengthened in another. It has been dilute by the ubiquity of images and the many popular technologies that give almost everyone the power to create, distort, and transit images. But it has been strengthened by the gradual surrender of the printed word to pi

31、ctures.We love images and the democratizing power of technologies that give us the capability to make and manipulate images. What we are less eager to consider are broader cultural effects of a society devoted to the image. Historians have explored the story of mankinds movement from an oral-based c

32、ulture to a written culture, and later to a printed one. But in the past several decades, we have begun to move from a culture based on the printed word to one based largely on images. In making images rather than texts our guide, are we opening up new vistas for understanding and expression, creati

33、ng a new form of communication that is “better than print,” as some scholars have argued? Or are we merely making a peculiar and unwelcome return to forms of communication once ascendant in preliterate societies? Two things in particular are at stake in our contemporary confrontation with an image-b

34、ased culture. First, technology has considerably undermined our ability to trust what we see, yet we have not adequately grappled with the effects of this on our notions of truth. Second, if we are indeed moving from the era of the printed word to an era dominated by the image, what impact will this

35、 have on culture?【答案】普通人每天会在电视上、报纸上、杂志上和公交车上看到成千上万的图像。汽水罐和T恤上也有图像，互联网搜索引擎可以立即为你输入的任何单词获取图像。今天，任何人只要有一台数码相机和一台电脑就可以制作和修改图像。因此，形象的力量在某种意义上被稀释了，但在另一种意义上被加强了。它已经被无处不在的图像和许多流行的技术冲淡了，这些技术几乎给了每个人创造、扭曲和传送图像的能力。但印刷文字逐渐向图片屈服，使其更加强大。我们喜欢图像，也喜欢技术的民主化，它让我们有能力制作和处理图像。我们不太愿意考虑的是一个致力于这一形象的社会所产生的更广泛的文化影响。历史学家探索了人类从口

36、述文化到书面文化，再到印刷文化的发展历程。但在过去的几十年里，我们已经开始从一种基于印刷文字的文化转向一种主要基于图像的文化。让图像而非文本成为我们的向导，我们是否为理解和表达开辟了新的前景，创造了一种正如一些学者所说的“比印刷更好”的交流新形式？或者，我们仅仅是在以一种奇特的、不受欢迎的方式回归到曾经在文字出现前的社会中盛行的交流方式？在我们当代与以形象为基础的文化的对抗中，尤其有两件事会处于危险之中。首先，技术大大削弱了我们相信所见事物的能力，但我们还没有充分应对这对我们的真理观念所产生的影响。第二，如果我们真的从印刷文字的时代进入了一个以图像为主导的时代，这将对文化产生怎样的影响?9.

37、单选题“Let me send you our brochure” is probably the most commonly used phrase in business. But all too often, it can spell the end of a customer enquiry because many brochures appear to be produced not to clarify and to excite but to confuse. So what goes wrong and how can it be put right? Too often,

38、businesses fail to ask themselves critical questions like, “Who will the brochure be sent to?” “What do we want to achieve with it?” The truth is that a brochure has usually been produced for no other reason than that the competition has one.However, with a little research, it often transpires that

39、what the client wants is a mixture: part mail shot, part glossy corporate brochure and part product cataloguea combination rarely found. Having said that, the budget is likely to be finite. There may not be enough money to meet all three marketing needs, so the first task is to plan the brochure, ta

40、king into account the most significant of these. The other requirements will have to be met in a different way. After all, introducing the companys product range to new customers by mail is a different task from selling a new seasons collection to existing customers.The second task is to get the con

41、tent right. In 95 per cent of cases, a company will hire a designer to oversee the layout, so the final product looks stylish, interesting and professional; but they dont get a copywriter or someone with the right expertise to produce the text, or at least tidy it upand this shows. A bigger failing

42、is to produce a brochure that is not customer focused. Your brochure should cover areas of interest to the customer, concentrating on the benefits of buying from you.Instead, thousands of brochures start with a history lesson, “Founded in 1987, we have been selling our products.” I can assure you th

43、at customers are never going to say to themselves, “Theyve been around for 20 yearsIll buy from them.” Its not how long youve been in business that counts, its what youve done in that time. The important point to get across at the beginning is that you have a good track record. Once this has been es

44、tablished, the rest of the brochure should aim to convince customers that your products are the best on the market.It is helpful with content to get inside the customers head. If your audience is young and trendy, be creative and colourful. As always, create a list of the benefits that potential cus

45、tomers would gain from doing business with you, for example, product quality, breadth of range, expertise of staff and so on. But remember that it is not enough just to state these: in order to persuade, they need to be spelt out. One possibility is to quote recommendations from existing customers.

46、This also makes the brochure personal to you, rather than it simply being a set of suppliers photographs with your name on the front. At the design stage, there are many production features that can distinguish your brochure from the run of the mill. You may think that things like cutouts or pop-ups

47、 will do this for you and thus make you stand out, or you may think they just look like designer whims that add cost. Go through all the options in detail. One of them might be that all-important magical ingredient.11. What point does the writer make about brochures in the first paragraph?12. The wr

48、iters advice to companies in the second paragraph is to（ ）.13. In the third paragraph, which of the following does the writer say would improve the majority of brochures?14. In the introduction to a brochure, the writer advises companies to focus on（ ）.15. When discussing brochure content in the fif

49、th paragraph, the writer reminds companies to（ ）.问题1选项A.Customer expectations of them are too high.B.They ought to be more straightforward in designC.Insufficient thought tends to go into producing them.D.Companies should ensure they use them more widely.问题2选项A.produce a brochure to advertise new pr

50、oduct linesB.use a brochure to extend the customer baseC.accept that a brochure cannot fulfil every objectiveD.aim to get a bigger budget allocation for producing brochures问题3选项A.better language and expression.B.better overall appearance.C.more up-to-date content.D.more product information.问题4选项A.th

51、eir understanding of the business environmentB.the range of products they offerC.their unique market positionD.the reputation they have built up问题5选项A.consider old customers as well as new onesB.provide support for the claims they makeC.avoid using their own photographsD.include details of quality c

52、ertification【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】11.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第一段后半部分Too often, businesses fail to ask themselves critical questions .（企业往往没有问自己一些关键性的问题）从这段话可以看出，作者认为企业在设计广告手册时的考虑是不周全的，没有进行深入思考。因此C选项“设计他们时考虑得并不充分”正确。A选项“顾客对他们的期望太高了”不对，没有提到客户的期望，只是说广告手册可能会把客户弄糊涂。B选项“它们在设计上应该更加直接”也不对，第一段并没有提到设计的问题。D选

53、项“公司应该确保他们更广泛地使用它们”在原文中也没有提到。12.判断推理题。根据题干关键词可以定位到第二段There may not be enough money to meet all three marketing needs, so the first task is to plan the brochure, taking into account the most significant of these.（可能没有足够的资金来满足所有这三个营销需求，所以第一项任务是规划宣传册，考虑到最重要的这些。）也就是说他们不可能满足所有的市场需要，所以优先考虑最关键的部分，其他的需要用另外的

54、方式来满足。因此C选项“接受一个广告手册不可能满足所有目标的事实”正确。A选项“制作宣传册宣传新产品系列”；B选项“使用宣传册来扩大客户基础”以及D选项“争取获得更大的预算拨款用于制作小册子”都不是原文的观点。13.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第三段In 95 per cent of cases, a company will hire a designer to oversee the layout, so the final product looks stylish, interesting and professional; but they dont get a copywrite

55、r or someone with the right expertise to produce the text（在95%的情况下，公司会聘请一名设计师来监督布局，使最终产品看起来时尚、有趣和专业），也就是说作者认为他们只注重设计而不注重表述内容，应该找一个有相关技能的广告文字撰稿人来制作文字，因此A选项“更好的语言和表达”是最符合的。B选项“更好的整体外观”，作者说了外观是精心设计的，因此很时尚；C选项“更多最新的内容”，是否是最新内容文章并未提及；D选项“更多的产品信息”是过度推断。14.根据题干关键词定位到第四段The important point to get across at

56、the beginning is that you have a good track record. （最重要的一点是在开始的时候你要有一个良好的业绩记录。）也就是说要有好口碑，因此D选项“他们建立的声誉”，是原文的转述项，正确。A选项“他们对商业环境的理解”；B选项“他们提供的产品范围”以及C选项“他们独特的市场地位”，都没有提到。15.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段But remember that it is not enough just to state these: in order to persuade, they need to be spelt out.（但请记住

57、，仅仅陈述这些是不够的：为了说服别人，需要把它们说清楚。）也就是说仅仅声明是不够的他们需要被详细说明。因此B选项“为他们的主张提供支持”正确。A选项“既考虑新客户，也考虑老客户”没有提到；C选项“避免使用自己的照片”不对，不是说避免使用他们的照片，而是说不能仅仅只呈上他们的照片，还要有别的东西，比如客户的建议；D选项“包括质量认证的细节”也没有提到。10. 单选题The lecture was boring and the students could hardly（ ）their yawns.问题1选项A.depressB.suppressC.oppressD.press【答案】B【解析】考

58、查动词辨析。A选项depress“压抑，使沮丧”；B选项suppress“抑制，镇压，忍住（某种生理现象）”；C选项oppress“压迫”；D选项press“压，按”。句意：讲座很无聊，学生们几乎不能_他们的哈欠。本句表达的是学生不能忍住打哈欠，打哈欠是一种生理现象，因此B选项符合题意。11. 翻译题Before every New Year or major celebration, there would be a general cleaning. The room could usually be kept tidy for a couple of months, but often

59、it was a matter of only a few days before the room was a mess again, and that was mainly due to those books, piles of books, everywhere. Whenever I was out on business, I couldnt help going to bookstores, and once I was there, I could never resist the temptation of buying more. New books, books that

60、 I had a thought of reading, books of which I only finished half, books needed for my writing, and books that had values to keep took up most of the space in my room, and they were ever expanding, eating up all the time the remaining part of my room that provided the minimum space for me as the dwel

61、ler there. Isnt this an invasion? But I accepted invasion of such kind with comfort and pleasure.【答案】每年新年或重大庆典前，都会进行大扫除。房间通常能保持几个月的整洁，但往往只是几天的事情，房间就又乱了，这主要是因为那些书，成堆的书，到处都是。每当我出差的时候，我就忍不住要去书店，而一旦我到了那里，我就无法抗拒买更多东西的诱惑。新书，我想读的书，我只完成了一半的书，我写作所需要的书，还有那些有价值的书占据了我房间的大部分空间，而且它们一直在扩大，一直吞噬着我房间的剩余部分，而这些部分为我作为那里

62、的居民提供了最小的空间。这不是入侵吗？但我以舒适和愉快的心情接受了这种入侵。12. 单选题Both a persons heredity and his environment help to shape his character.问题1选项A.familyB.educationC.nationalityD.surroundings【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项family“家庭”；B选项education“教育”；C选项nationality“国籍”；D选项surroundings“环境”。句意：一个人的遗传和他所处的环境都有助于塑造他的性格。D选项与原文划线词词义最接近，因此D选

63、项符合题意。13. 单选题“In every known human society the males needs for achievement can be recognized. In a greater number of human societies mens sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right or ability to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice. Their maleness in fact has to

64、be underwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat.”This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete. T