2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷11

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1、2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Most people tend to think they are so efficient at their job that they are（ ）.问题1选项A.inaccessibleB.irreversibleC.immovableD.irreplaceable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: inaccessible “达不到的；难见到的” ；B: irreversible “不可逆的；不能翻转的”；C: immovable “不可移动的；固定的”；D: irreplaceable “不能调

2、换的；不能代替的”。句意：大多数人都认为自己的工作效率很高，无人能取代他们。结合句意，故D为正确答案。2. 单选题The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually（ ）it in a profitable direction.问题1选项A.adaptB.controlC.installD.steer【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 adapt “使适合，使适应，改编”；B选项 control “控制，支配，操纵”；C选项 install “安装，安置，使就职”；D选项 steer “驾驶，掌舵，指引的路线”。句

3、意：该系统被重新设计，目的是使其与网络兼容，并最终使网络朝获利方向发展。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points -periods countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one p

4、resents and documents ones findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog childhood, wo

5、rk, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytiC.The old questions What happened?” and“ How did it happen? have given way to the question“ Why did it happen?”, Prominent among the methods used to answer the question

6、 Why is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.Psychohistoiy does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of

7、 psychology is not what psycho historians intenD.They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it Psychohistory derives its facts not from history, the detailed records of

8、events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made histoiy, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly

9、 accessible to. and therefore assessable by all historians. And it violates the basic tenet o historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses Psychohistories, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that their

10、 s is the deepest explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth.Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity

11、 and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determines in that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Inste

12、ad of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and circumstances.1.Which of the following best states the main point of the passage?2.The passage supplies information for answeri

13、ng which of the following questions?3.The author mentions which of the following as a characteristic of the practice of psychohistorians?4.The author of the passage puts the word deepest(ParA.3)in quotation marks most probably in order to（ ）.5.In presenting her analysis, the author does all of the f

14、ollowing EXCEPT（ ）.问题1选项A.The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it tacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical methodB.Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistoriansC.Areas of sociologi

15、cal study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional historians.D.The psychological assessment of an individuals behavior and attitudes is more normative than the details of his or her daily life问题2选项A.What are some specific examples of the use of psychohistory in historical in

16、terpretation?B.When were the conventions governing the practice of traditional histoiy first established?C.When do traditional historians consider psychological explanations of historical explanations of historical developments appropriate?D.What is the basic criterion of historical evidence require

17、d by traditional historians?问题3选项A.The lives of historical figures are presented in episodic rather thin narrative formB.Archives used by psychohistorians to gather material are not accessible to other scholarsC.Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic diagram.D.Events in

18、 the adult life of a historical figure are seen to be more consequential than are those in the childhood of the figure问题4选项A.signal her reservations about the accuracy of psychohistoriars claims for their workB.draw attention to a contradiction in the psychohistorians methodC.emphasize the major dif

19、ference between the traditional historians method and that of historiansD.disassociate her opinion of the psychohistorians claims from her opinion of their method问题5选项A.Make general statements without reference to specific examplesB.Describe some of the criteria employed by traditional historiansC.Q

20、uestion the adequacy of the psycholistorians interpretation of eventsD.Point out inconsistencies in the psychohistorians application of their methods【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文分析可见，本题的正确选项应该是包含“psychohistory”和“history”概念的选项，A项翻译为：“心理学史家对历史研究的态度， 尽管它突破了传统史学方法的严密性和可验证性，但目前仍在流行”。综合考虑，

21、该选项符合题意，正确。2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文第三段 “It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by all historians.”，中文翻译为：“它（即心理、历史学）否定历史证据的基本标准，即历史证据是大家都可以获取的，因此可被 所有的历史学家评价”可推断出D项“传统历史学家需要的历史证据的标准是什么”正确。3.推理判断题。根据题干中关键短语“psychohistorians”可以

22、定位到答案信息在原文第三、四段。但是三、四段没有给出本题答案的具体信息。综合考虑，一般人们阐述问题的规律为：理论到实践。故最佳答案为C项“过去和现在的事件都放在同一个确定性状态图中”。4.推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到原文第三段 “It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by all historians.”，中文翻译为：它（即心理历史学）否定历史证据的基本标准，即历史 证据是大家都可以获取的，因

23、此可被所有的历史学家评价。以及原文 “Psychohistorians,convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories.”，中文翻译为：“心理历史 学家确信自己理论的绝对正确。”结合语境可以得出 A项正确。5.推理判断题。选项A可定位到文章第三段第六、七、八句，选项B可定位到文章第一段第一、二句，选项C可以定位到第三段的尾句。因此选择D项。4. 单选题Her generosity is one of her most pleasing（ ）.问题1选项A.characteristicsB.attributesC.traitsD

24、.peculiarity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: characteristics “特性，特征” ；B: attributes “属性；特性”；C: traits “人的个性， 显著的特点”；D: peculiarity “特性；特质”。句意：为人慷慨是她最讨人欢喜的个性。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。5. 单选题Facts that may seem little consequence at the time may later assume（ ）significance at the time when ETS staff members decide whether tu

25、rner action is justified.问题1选项A.considerableB.valuableC.importantD.extensive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: considerable“相当大的”；B: valuable “有价值的”；C: important “重要的”；D: extensive“广阔的；广大的”。句意：当ETS的工作人员决定特纳的行动是否合理的时候，当时似乎没有什么后果的事实可能之后会产生很大的意义。本处表示“xxx的意义”，修饰名词significance意义。因此A符合题意。6. 单选题The freshman took a whil

26、e to（ ）himself the new environment of the university.问题1选项A.familiarizeB.modifyC.orientD.alter【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。orient.to“使适应”。句意：大学新生花了一段时间使自己适应大学的新环境。根据句意，C为正确答案。7. 单选题He（ ）my authority by allowing the children to do things that I have forbidden.问题1选项A.impairedB.disabledC.underminedD.undid【答案】C【解析】考

27、查动词词义辨析。A: impair “损伤” ；B: disable “使失去能力”；C: undermine “破坏，渐渐破坏”；D: undo “取消”。句意：他通过允许孩子们做我明令禁止的事情，破坏了我的权威。结合句意，故C为正确答案。8. 单选题The word “addiction” is often used loosely and wryly in conversation. People will refer to themselves as “mystery book addicts” or “cookie addicts.” E.B. White writes of his

28、 annual surge of interest in gardening: “We are hooked and are making an attempt to kick the habit.” Yet nobody really believes that reading mysteries or ordering seeds by catalogue is serious enough to be compared with addictions to heroin or alcohol. The word “addiction” is here used jokingly to d

29、enote a tendency to overindulge in some pleasurable activity.People often refer to being “hooked on TV.” Does this, too, fall into the lighthearted category of cookie eating and other pleasures that people pursue with usual intensity, or is there a kind of television viewing that falls into the more

30、 serious category of destructive addiction?When we think about addiction to drugs or alcohol, we frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug taking. And yet the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a “high” that norm

31、al life does not supply. It is only the inability to function without the addictive substance that is dismaying the dependence of the organism upon the certain experience and increasing inability to function normally without it. Thus a person will take two or three drinks at the end of the day not m

32、erely for the pleasure drinking provides, but also because he “doesnt feel normal without them.An addict does not merely pursue a pleasurable experience and need to experience it in order to function normally. He needs to repeat it again and again. Something about that particular experience makes li

33、fe without it less than complete. Other potentially pleasurable experiences are no longer possible, for under the spell of the addictive experience his life is peculiarly distorted. The addict craves an experience and yet he is never really satisfied. The organism may be temporarily stated, but soon

34、 it begins to crave again.Finally a serious addiction is distinguished from a harmless pursuit of pleasure by its distinctly destructive elements. A heroin addict, for instance, leads a damaged life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relat

35、ionships, from developing in human ways. Similarly an alcoholics life is narrowed and dehumanized by his dependence on alcohol.Let us consider television viewing in the light of the conditions that define serious addictions.1.The essence of any serious addiction is（ ）.2.According to the passage, an

36、addicts life is peculiarly distorted because（ ）.3.Serious addiction is different from a harmless pursuit of pleasure by the fact that（ ）.4.Which kind of addiction is not mentioned in the passage?5.According to the author, the focus is usually put on（ ）.6.In the following paragraphs, the author will

37、continue to discuss（ ）.问题1选项A.the inability to function without the addictive substanceB.a search for a high that normal life does not supplyC.the dependence of the organism upon a certain experienceD.the dismay of not being able to function normally问题2选项A.he merely pursue a pleasurable experienceB.

38、he need to experience it to function normallyC.he cant find pleasure in other potential pleasurable experiencesD.he begins to crave again问题3选项A.it has extremely serious consequences.B.it helps a person to behave normally.C.it can make a person satisfied.D.it does not make life complete.问题4选项A.Heroin

39、 addictionB.Alcohol addictionC.Sports maniaD.TV Addiction问题5选项A.the pleasure of drinking and drug-taking.B.the negative aspects of doing such thingsC.an addicts distorted lifeD.the serious pursuit of pleasure问题6选项A.Addiction in generalB.Seriousness of drug abusingC.TV addictionD.The pleasure of watc

40、hing TV【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “And yet the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a high that normal life does not supply.”，中文翻译为：然而任何严重的上瘾的精髓都是一种对快乐的追求，一种平常生活中无法提供的对“过头”的探求。因此B选项：寻求一种正常生活不能提供的“过头”，为正确答案。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “An addi

41、ct does not merely pursue a pleasurable experience and need to experience it in order to function normally. He needs to repeat it again and again. Something about that particular experience makes life without it less than complete. Other potentially pleasurable experiences are no longer possible, fo

42、r under the spell of the addictive experience, his life is peculiarly distorted. The addict craves an experience and yet he is never really satisfied. The organism may be temporarily stated, but soon it begins to crave again.”，中文翻译为：上瘾者不仅仅是追求愉快的体验，而且需要体验它才能正常工作。他需要一遍又一遍地重复。这种特殊的经历会让没有它的生活变得不完整。其他潜在的

43、愉快的经历不再可能，因为在上瘾的经历的魔力下，他的生活特别扭曲了。瘾君子渴望一种体验，但他从未真正得到满足。这种有机体可能暂时存在，但很快又开始渴望。可以得知D选项“他开始再次渴望”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章中倒数第二段“Finally a serious addiction is distinguished from a harmless pursuit of pleasure by its distinctly destructive elements.”，中文翻译为：最后，严重的成瘾与无害的快乐追求的区别在于其明显的破坏性因素。因此A项“它会带来极其严重的后果”符合题

44、意。4.细节事实题。根据A, B项可以定位到文章第一段“.by catalogue is serious enough to be compared with addictions to heroin or alcohol.”，中文翻译为：对毒品的上瘾程度严重到可以与对海洛因或酒精的上瘾相提并论。根据D项可以定位到文章第二段“People often refer to being hooked on TV.”，中文翻译为：人们经常提到沉迷于电视。因此排除A，B，D三项，答案为C。5.细节事实题。通过题干定位到原文 “When we think about addiction to drugs

45、or alcohol, we frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug taking.”，中文翻译：当我们考虑毒品或酒精上瘾时，我们经常关注其消极的方面，而忽略了饮酒或吸毒带来的快乐。选项B“这种事的消极方面”符合题意。6.推理判断题。根据原文尾段 “Let us consider television viewing in the light of the conditions that define serious addictions.”，中文翻

46、译：让我们根据定义严重上瘾的情况来考虑一下看电视这种情况吧！最佳答案为C选项。9. 单选题It was the largest experiment we have ever had; it（ ）six hours.问题1选项A.endedB.finishedC.wasD.lasted【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我们做过的最大的实验。此实验持续6小时。结合此处语境，D为正确答案。10. 单选题After having been dismissed from the factory, John had to earn a meager living by （ ）televisi

47、on sets.问题1选项A.overhaulingB.patchingC.servicingD.remedying【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: overhaul 分解检查”；B: patch “修理，接通”；C: service “服务”；D: remedy “修补，弥补”。句意：在离开工厂之后，约翰不得不靠修电视来赚取微薄的收入。结合此处语义，B为正确答案。11. 单选题I have never laid（ ）to being an expert in this field.问题1选项A.reclaimB.exclamationC.affirmationD.claim【答案】D

48、【解析】考查固定搭配。lay claim to “声称的权力，自称有知识等”。句意：我从不认为自己是这个领域的专家。结合句意，故D为正确答案。12. 单选题It is announced that a wallet has been found and can he （ ） at the managers office.问题1选项A.declaredB.obtainedC.reclaimedD.recognized【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 declare “断言，宣称，宣布”；B选项 obtain “获得，得到”；C选项 reclaim “要求归还，收回；认领（失物）”；D选项

49、recognize“认出，认可，承认”。句意：通知说，有人发现了一只钱包，失主可到经理室认领。结合此处语境，C选项正确。13. 单选题Cheques have largely replaced money as a means of exchange, for they are widely accepted everywhere. Though this is very（1）for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money: they are quite（2）in the

50、mselves. A shop-keeper always runs a certain （3）when he accepts, a cheque and he is quite（4）, his rights if,（5）, he refuses to do so.People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called（6）. An old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant（7）. He w

51、ent to a famous jewelry shop which keeps a large（8）of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces.After examining several trays, he（9）to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay（10）cheque. The assistant said that this was quite（11）, but the moment my friend s

52、igned his name, he was invited into the managers office.The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with（12）the same name had presented them with a（13）cheque not long ago. He told my friend that the police would arrive（14）any moment and he had better stay（15）he wanted to get into seri

53、ous trouble.（16）, the police arrived on afterwards. They apologized to my friend for the（17）and asked him to（18）a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. The note（19）.“I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.”（20），my friends handwriting w

54、as quite unlike the thieves.问题1选项A.complicatedB.trivialC.bearableD.convenient问题2选项A.valuelessB.invaluableC.valuableD.indefinite问题3选项A.dangerB.changeC.riskD.opportunity问题4选项A.withinB.beyondC.withoutD.out of问题5选项A.in generalB.at the leastC.on occasionD.in short问题6选项A.in difficultyB.in doubtC.in earnes

55、tD.in question问题7选项A.accidentB.experienceC.eventD.incident问题8选项A.amountB.stockC.numberD.store问题9选项A.consideredB.thoughtC.conceivedD.decided问题10选项A.byB.inC.withD.through问题11选项A.in orderB.in needC.in useD.in common问题12选项A.largelyB.mostlyC.exactlyD.extremely问题13选项A.worthB.worthyC.worthwhileD.worthless问

56、题14选项A.forB.atC.untilD.during问题15选项A.whetherB.ifC.otherwiseD.unless问题16选项A.ReallyB.Sure enoughC.CertainlyD.However问题17选项A.treatmentB.mannerC.inconvenienceD.behavior问题18选项A.write offB.write outC.copy outD.make out问题19选项A.readB.toldC.wroteD.informed问题20选项A.EspeciallyB.FortunatelyC.NaturallyD.Basically

57、【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C第6题:D第7题:B第8题:B第9题:D第10题:A第11题:A第12题:C第13题:D第14题:B第15题:D第16题:B第17题:C第18题:C第19题:A第20题:B【解析】1.考查逻辑词义搭配。complicated “复杂的”;trivial “碎的，无足轻重的”；bearable “可忍受的”; convenient “方便的”。 前文提及支票不受地域限制，因此，此处表达“支票对买者和卖者均很方便”，故正确答案为D。2.考查词义搭配。valueless “无价值的”；invaluable“无价的”； valuable “有价

58、值的”; indefinite “不确定的；无限的”。从上下文来看，最符合语境句意的选项为B。3.考查固定搭配。run a risk “冒风险”，因此正确选项为C。4.考查固定搭配。within ones right “有权；在某人的权限内”，因此正确选项为A。5.考查逻辑搭配。in general “ 一般来说 ”；at the least “至少 ”；on occasion “偶尔”；in short “总之”。 句意大概是： 如果他偶尔拒绝接受支票，他也是完全有权这样做的。从上下文来看，最符合语境句意的选项为C。6.考查固定搭配。call sth. in question “对表示怀疑”

59、，因此正确选项为D。7.考查词义搭配。accident “事故”； experience“经验”；event “重大事件”；incident “事件，事变”。 have an extremely unpleasant experience表示“有一次非常不愉快的经历”。因此最佳答案为B。8.考查词义搭配。keep a large stock of “备有大量的现货供应”，因此答案为B。9.考查词义搭配。decide后可接不定式，consider后接动名词，think后面不接不定式，conceive后不接不定式。结合语境和句意，答案为D。10.考查固定搭配。pay by cheque “用支票支

60、付”，因此正确选项为A。11.考查固定搭配。be in order 符合程序；就绪”，因此正确选项为A。12.考查副词。largely“主要地”； mostly “主要地；通常；多半地”； exactly“恰好地；正是；精确地；正确地”； extremely“非常，极其；极端地”。根据语境及句意，C为最佳答案。13.考查词义搭配。worthless表示“毫无价值的”。根据语篇意思，最佳选项为D。14.考查固定搭配。at any moment “即刻，随时”，因此正确选项为B。15.考查逻辑搭配。whether“是否；不论”； if“如果，是否”； otherwise“其他；如果不；然后；否则”

61、； unless “除非；如果不”。本句句意：当他起身要走的时候经理告诉他，警察随时会来。如果他不想招惹麻烦的话，最好在这儿待一会儿。根据语境，最佳答案为D。16.考查逻辑搭配。really “真正地，实在”； sure enough “果然，果然不出所料”；certainly “当然，肯定，确实”； however “然而”。根据语境，最佳答案为B。17.考查词义搭配。treatment “对待，处理”； manner “（做事情的）方法，方式”； inconvenience “不便，麻烦”； behavior “举止，品行”。根据语境及句意，C为最佳答案。18.考查词组。write off “报废，购销（债务）”； write out“开出（药方，支票等）”； copy out“抄写”； make out“弄懂，辨认，开出（支票，药方）”。根据语境及句意，C为最佳答案。19.考查惯用搭配。read此处意为“上面写道”。根据语境及句意，A为最佳答案。20.考查逻辑搭配。Especially “特别；尤其；格外”； Fortunately “幸运地”； Naturally “自然地”； Basically “主要地，基本上”。本句大意：很幸运，我朋友的笔迹与诈骗犯的笔迹完全不同。联系上下文，最佳答案为B。14. 单选题Her face was a