2022年考博英语-山东大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷24

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1、2022年考博英语-山东大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The UN official said aid programs will be _ until there is adequate protection for relief personnel.问题1选项A.multipliedB.arrestedC.spannedD.suspended【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。multiple “增加”；arrest “逮捕”；span “跨越”；suspend “推迟，延缓”。句意：这位联合国官员说救援项目将会被推迟，直到对救援人员有足够的保护为止。选项D符合题意。2.

2、 单选题She is too shy to ask a stranger the time, （ ）speak to a room of people.问题1选项A.much lessB.much moreC.still moreD.more or less【答案】B【解析】副词词组辨析。much less “更不用说”；much more “更加”；still more “更何况”；more or less “或多或少”。句意：她十分害羞以至于不敢询问陌生人时间，更何况是和一屋子的人说话。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题It is ironic that the _ insights of th

3、e great thinkers are voiced so often that they have become mere_.问题1选项A.original. clichesB.banal. beliefsC.dubious. habitsD.philosophical. questions【答案】A【解析】形容词和名词词义辨析。original “原始的，最初的”；banal “陈腐的，平庸的”；dubious “可疑的，暧昧的”；philosophical “哲学的，冷静的”。cliches “陈词滥调”；belief “信仰”；habit “习惯”；question “问题”。句意：

4、讽刺的是，这些伟大思想家最初的真知灼见经常被提及，以至于他们只不过变成了一些陈词滥调。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题What makes basketball the most （ ）of sports is how these styles do not necessarily clash.问题1选项A.aspiringB.intriguingC.conspiringD.famous【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。aspiring “有抱负的”；intriguing “有趣的”；conspiring “协力的”；famous “著名的”。句意：篮球成为最有趣的运动的原因是这些风格不会冲突。选

5、项B符合题意。5. 单选题John was so in his book that he did not hear the doorbell ring.问题1选项A.engagedB.occupiedC.absorbedD.concentrated【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。absorbed “全神贯注的”；engaged “使用中的”；occupied “已占用的”；concentrated “集中注意力的”，本题用be absorbed in“全神贯注于”更为合适。句意：约翰如此全神贯注地阅读书籍，以至于他没有听到门铃。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题On the north bank

6、of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35, 000 a year, lost approximately $ 175, 000. He had never gambled before the

7、 casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $ 20 and left. On his second visit he lost $ 800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer，a “Fun Card”，which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user s

8、gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.( 1) .In 1997 he lost $ 21，000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $ 72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a. m. , then went back a

9、board when the casino opened at 9 a. m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem. In March 1998 a friend of Williamss got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to

10、inform the casino of Williamss gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he w

11、ould have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(2) .The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun. and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance tic

12、ket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “ helplessly addicted to gambling ”，intentionally worked to “ lure” him to “ engage in conduct against his will”. Well.(3) .The fourth edition

13、 of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(4) .Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what

14、 once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(5) .Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on you might say addicted to revenues from wagering. And since the first In

15、ternet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers, dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1, 800 virtual casinos every week. With $ 3. 5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as

16、the Webs most profitable business.问题1选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. An

17、d in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a

18、 sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, o

19、ften defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds

20、 for doing so?问题2选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was

21、his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social di

22、sease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as add

23、ictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?问题3选项A

24、.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C

25、.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a s

26、ocial policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier

27、, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?问题4选项A.Although no such ev

28、idence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had

29、lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the mo

30、st important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generation

31、s explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?问题5选项A.Although no such evidence was presented

32、, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he sai

33、d to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and agg

34、ressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakn

35、ess of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:F第5题:D【解析】1.考查上下文语义题。根据空格上文，描述了Williams从一开始

36、不赌博到输钱的数目越来越大，说明他的赌瘾也越来越大，空格后文也提到了他玩老虎机也输了很多钱，所以根据上下文语境，推断出空格中的内容应该和他输钱的经历相关，用输钱的具体数据进行对比，最能说明他上瘾的过程。选项C符合题意。2. 逻辑关系题。空格上文提到威廉姆的朋友将他送进了戒毒中心，并且赌场也把威廉姆纳入了禁止赌博人名单内，认为赌博行为对他造成了心理和健康伤害，在下次进入赌场前，需要提供赌场不会给他造成安全和健康威胁的证明。空格下文提到尽管赌场知道他成瘾了，但是仍然诱惑他做违背自己意愿的事，还是继续纵容他。前后形成了一个转折，尽管威廉姆没有出示证明，赌场仍然给他发邮件，而且进赌场使用娱乐卡并没有被

37、发现。所以赌场并没有按上文说的抑制他赌博成瘾的行为，而是继续诱惑纵容他。选项A符合题意。 3. 考查上下文语义题。根据上文，“worked to lure him to engage in conduct against his will”，赌场明明知道他赌博成瘾还试图引诱他从事一些违背自己意愿的行为，所以空格是对这一段内容的一个承接，是对上一句话的进一步补充，B选项中也有lure和will两个单词，所以选项B符合题意。 4. 考查上下文语义题。空格前一句提到，心理障碍诊断统计手册第四版为“病理赌博”下了定义，其表现为：持续、反复且无法自控地对金钱的追求，寻求意外之财的冒险的刺激。空格应该是对

38、“病理赌博”这一医学术语进行了进一步解释，下文出现“character flaws” 性格缺陷和选项中的“weakness of will”意志薄弱，形成了照应，选项F符合题意。 5. 考查上下文语义题。空格上文提到美国社会正在把以前视为性格缺陷或精神失常的情况重新划为残障病态人之内，所以空格应该会对这个话题进行总结，选项D中“a sin, or a social disease” 一种罪恶，一种社会疾病，呼应了上文。空格下文提到了，在美国，赌博具有普遍性，存在很多彩票和赌场，线上赌博网站获利最丰，说明美国政府是支持赌博行业的。选项D也提到了美国政府是赌博最积极最重要的推动者，启示了下文。所以

39、D项是一个过渡语段，承上启下。选项D符合题意。 7. 单选题As a person who combines care with _, Marisa completed her duties with _ as well as zeal.问题1选项A.levity resignationB.enthusiasm meticulousnessC.vitality willingnessD.empathy rigor【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。levity “多变，轻浮”；resignation “辞职，放弃”；enthusiasm “热情，积极性”；meticulousness “谨小慎微”

40、；vitality “活力，生气”；willingness “意愿，乐意”；empathy “同感，共鸣”；rigor “严厉，精确”。句意：作为一个既谨慎又积极的人，玛丽莎细致而又热情地完成了她的职责。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be _ to tourist spending?问题1选项A.attributedB.appliedC.contributedD.attached【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。attributed to “归因于”；

41、applied to “应用于”；contributed to “有助于”；attached to “附属于”。句意：在度假胜地或附近，商店销售额中有多大的比例可以归因于旅游消费？选项A符合题意。9. 单选题（ ）there was not a soul around except some cars passing occasionally.问题1选项A.Over nightB.At duskC.In the dead of nightD.Fortnight【答案】C【解析】词组短语辨析。over night “过夜”；at dusk “傍晚；黄昏时刻”；in the dead of nig

42、ht “夜深人静之时”；fortnight “两星期”。句意：夜深人静时，除了有几辆车偶尔经过外，没有几个行人。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题Motorcyclists should wear helmets to（ ）them from injury.问题1选项A.saveB.shieldC.shelterD.defend【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。save意为“使免于受到的损伤”；shield指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害；shelter通常指寻找安全地方躲避危害；defend指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受损害。题中是指运用头盔这种工具躲避伤害。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题W

43、hen we worry about who might be spying on our private lives, we usually think about the Federal agents. But the private sector outdoes the government every time. Its Linda Tripp, not the FBI, who is facing charges under Marylands laws against secret telephone taping. Its our banks, not the Internal

44、Revenue Service (IRS), that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms.Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws without much result so far. The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will.As an example of whats goin

45、g on, consider U. S. Bancorp, which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota. According to the lawsuit, the bank supplied a telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names，phone numbers, bank-account and credit-card numbers, Social Security numbe

46、rs, account balances and credit limits.With these customer lists in hand, MemberWorks started dialing for dollars-selling dental plans, videogames, computer software and other products and services. Customers who accepted a “free trial offer” had 30 days to cancel. If the deadline passed, they were

47、charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts. U. S. Bancorp collected a share of the revenues.Customers were doubly deceived, the lawsuit claims. They didnt know that the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks. And if customers asked, they were led to think the answer was

48、 no.The state sued MemberWorks separately for deceptive selling. The company denies that it did anything wrong. For its part, U. S. Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes. But it agreed to stop exposing its customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms. A few top banks decided to

49、do the same. Many other banks will still do business with MemberWorks and similar firms.And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products, including things of little value, such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans.You have almost no protec

50、tion from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit. For example, no federal law shields “transaction and experience” informationmainly the details of your bank and credit-card accounts. Social Security numbers are for sale by private firms. Theyve generally agreed not to sell to the pub

51、lic. But to businesses, the numbers are an open book. Self-regulation doesnt work. A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy, but who enforces it?Take U. S. Bancorp again. Customers were told, in writing, that “all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential”. Then i

52、t sold your data to MemberWorks. The bank even claims that it doesnt “sell” your data at all. It merely “shares” it and reaps a profit. Now you know.1.Contrary to popular belief, the author finds that spying on peoples privacy（ ）.2.We know from the passage that（ ）.3.When the “free trial” deadline is

53、 over, youll be charged without notice for a product or service if（ ）.4.Businesses do not regard information concerning personal bank accounts as private because_（ ）_.5.We can infer from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.is practiced exclusively by the FBIB.is more prevalent in business circlesC.has been i

54、ntensified with the help of the IRSD.is mainly carried out by means of secret taping问题2选项A.the state of Minnesota is considering drawing up laws to protect private informationB.most states are turning a blind eye to the deceptive practices of private businessesC.legislators are acting to pass a law

55、to provide better privacy protectionD.lawmakers are inclined to give a free hand to businesses to inquire into customers buying habits问题3选项A.you happen to reveal your credit card numberB.you fail to cancel it within the specified periodC.you fail to apply for extension of the deadlineD.you find the

56、product or service unsatisfactory问题4选项A.it is considered “transaction and experience” information unprotected by lawB.it has always been considered an open secret by the general publicC.its sale can be brought under control through self-regulationD.its revelation will do no harm to consumers under t

57、he current protection policy问题5选项A.banks will have to change their ways of doing businessB.“free trial” practice will eventually be bannedC.privacy protection laws will soon be enforcedD.consumers, privacy will continue to be invaded【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“But the private s

58、ector outdoes the government every time.”，私营企业比政府监视得更多，根据最后一句， “It s our banks.pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms.”，说明银行将我们的私人财务数据给了电话销售公司。选项B符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will.”，说明立法者倾向于让商业人士随意跟

59、踪我们的财务习惯。选项D符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“had 30 days to cancel. If the deadline passed, they were charged automatically”，说明有30天的取消期限，超过期限会自动收费。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第八段，“You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit.”，企业用你的私人账户获利，但是你得不到任何保护，“no federal law shields

60、transaction and experience information” 说明私人账户被认为是不受法律保护的，选项B符合题意。 5.推断题。根据文章第八段，说明没有法律对消费者的隐私给予保护，所以消费者的利益会继续被侵犯。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题When traveling, you are advised to take travelers, checks, which provide a secure _ to carrying your money in cash.问题1选项A.substituteB.selectionC.inferenceD.alternative【答案】

61、D【解析】名词词义辨析。substitute “代替品”；selection “选择”；inference “推断”；alternative “供替代的选择”。句意：旅行时，建议你带上旅行支票，这是对携带现金的一种可供选择的安全保证。选项D符合题意。13. 单选题Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to _ wonderful bargains in the market.问题1选项A.pick upB.bump intoC.pile upD.bring back【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。p

62、ick up“买到，获得”；bump into “无意中遇到，碰到”；pile up “积累，堆放起来”；bring back “拿回来”。句意：有些人喜欢在星期天购物，因为他们期待买到市场上物美价廉的便宜货。选项A符合题意。14. 单选题Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily _ for a month or a year as for a single day.问题1选项A.put upB.stay upC.speed upD.make up【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。put up for “获得食宿安排”； stay up “熬夜”； speed up “加速”； make up “组成，补充，编造”。句意：带着这些财产去任何地方，你可以住上一个月或者一年，就像过上一天一样。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doi