2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前模拟强化练习题15（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题First the good news: 9 in 10 people said they were satisfied with their jobs or work that they do-and that remained steady throughout 2008, despite the economy. And now the bad, even if its not so surprising: The number of people who said their employer reduced

2、the size of the workforce rose dramatically during the year, from 15% in the first quarter to 23% in the fourth quarter.Thats according to a survey from Gallup and health management company Healthways. Nearly each day in 2008, about 1,000 adults were asked about their physical, emotional, economic a

3、nd workplace well-being. When it came to their work environment, many of the 355,334 people surveyed by phone were positive. But there were some labor pains.Just 47% of respondents from Hawaii said they were satisfied with their jobs, used their strengths at work, were treated by a supervisor as a p

4、artner and worked in an “open, trusting environment”. That was the lowest score of any state on a work environment index that was compiled by calculating positive responses in those four areas. Utah nabbed top honors, with 59% of its respondents saying those four elements were prevalent in work live

5、s. Among the biggest differences between Utah and Hawaii: 73% of Utah respondents said their supervisor created a trusting environment, while only 58% of folks in Hawaii felt that way. The national average was 65%. The GallupHealthways AHIP Congressional Report didnt offer any insights into why Utah

6、 ruled and Hawaii ranked so poorly on the workplace front.Hawaiis residents took the No.1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions. “Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great,” says Jim Harter, a chief scientist of workplace and well-being a

7、t Gallup.Utah has done well in separate workplace studies, as well. After considering factors such as unemployment rate, job growth, income growth, median household income and the cost of living, Moodys E named its capital, Salt Lake City, the best U.S. city to work in for 2007 and 2008. But those g

8、lory days have faded, says Gus Faucher, Moodys E director of macroeconomics. Utahs housing boom turned into a bust later than most states. The national recession began in December 2007, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research. Salt Lake Citys recession began in November 2008, according

9、 to Moodys E.From a non-economic angle, Faucher says he can see why Utah would earn strong marks on the work front. “The state is really Mormon, so there is a sense of solidarity” among many employees, he says. “People feel very connected to each other.” Also, with its high birth rate, Utah has a ro

10、bust population of younger employees who often add enthusiasm to the workplace, Faucher says. Thats the case at the Wasatch Music Coaching Academy in Salt Lake City, school owner David Murphy says. Most instructors are between 22 and 35 years old and are extremely passionate and excited about teachi

11、ng students, he says. Murphy, 52, who says he has a “dream” job, takes a collaborative approach in managing all staffers, “I see myself working side by side with my staff, not over my staff.”1. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?2. From Paragraph 4, we can infer all of the following EXC

12、EPT that _.3. The author mentions several factors that will affect the happiness of people EXCEPT: _.4. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?5. Why could Utah earn strong marks on the work front?问题1选项A.The economy of 2008 was still steady.B.More people had to change their jobs.

13、C.From Jan. to Apr., about 54,000 people lost their jobs.D.Most of the people surveyed felt hopeless.问题2选项A.Hawaiis residents may feel more relaxedB.the word “paradise” may refer to HawaiiC.people may prefer living in Hawaii to working thereD.Jim Harter may be a scientist in Hawaii问题3选项A.Physical he

14、althB.Psychological conditionC.Places they come fromD.Working environment问题4选项A.Salt Lake City is the best place to work in forever.B.Utahs economy never encountered recession.C.Hawaii is a best place for entertainment and work.D.Many cities in the United States have encountered economic depression.

15、问题5选项A.The sense of solidarity and passions of young employees.B.Good regulations set by the government.C.Favorite climate.D.Good geographical location.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“2008年的经济保持稳定”，可以定位到文章第一段第一句9 in 10 people said they were satisfied with their jobs or work

16、 that they do-and that remained steady throughout 2008.（90%的人说他们对自己的工作或目前的工作感到满意，而且在整个2008年这一比例都保持稳定），2008年，90%对工作满意度呈平稳趋势，可排除A选项。B选项“更多的人不得不换工作”，可以定位到文章第一段最后一句The number of people who said their employer reduced the size of the workforce rose dramatically during the year, from 15% in the first quar

17、ter to 23% in the fourth quarter.（今年，声称雇主裁员的人数大幅上升，从第一季度的15%上升到第四季度的23%），雇主削减了劳动力规模的人数在今年大幅上升，可以推测更多的人不得不更换工作，B选项正确。C选项“从1月到4月，大约有54000人失业”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“大多数接受调查的人感到绝望”，文章提到许多人对工作环境持肯定态度，因此大多数人不会感到绝望，可排除D选项。因此B选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第四段。D选项“吉姆哈特可能是夏威夷的科学家”，文章第四段没有提到此内容，D选项正确。A选项“

18、夏威夷的居民可能会感到更放松”，可以定位到第四段第一句Hawaiis residents took the No.1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions.（夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首），文章所说夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首，也就是夏威夷的居民会感到放松，A选项排除。B选项“天堂这个词可能指的是夏威夷”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be

19、 all that great.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），可以推测天堂也就是代指前面的夏威夷，B选项可排除。C选项“人们可能更喜欢住在夏威夷而不是在那里工作”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），也就是夏威夷不太适合工作，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。C选项“他们来自哪里”，文章没有提到，他们来自哪里会影响他们的幸福感，C选项正确。A选项“身体健康”，可以定位到第四段第一句

20、Hawaiis residents took the No.1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions.（夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首），情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首，也就是身体健康会影响人们的幸福感，A选项可排除。B选项“心理状态”，心理状态会影响人们的幸福感，B选项可排除。D选项“工作环境”，可以定位到文章第三段第一句Just 47% of respondents from Hawaii said they were satisfied with

21、 their jobs, used their strengths at work, were treated by a supervisor as a partner and worked in an “open, trusting environment”（在夏威夷的受访者中，只有47%的人对自己的工作感到满意，在工作中发挥自己的优势，被上司视为合作伙伴，在一个“开放、信任的环境”中工作），文章提到在“开放、信任的环境”中工作，会对工作感到满意，人们的幸福感也就会提升，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。D选项“美国许多城市都遭遇了经济萧条”，文章倒数第

22、二段倒数第二句The national recession began in December 2007, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.（根据美国国家经济研究局的数据，这场全国性的衰退始于2007年12月），也就是美国经济经历了全国大萧条，D选项正确。A选项“盐湖城永远是最好的工作场所”，文章倒数第二段第五句Salt Lake City, the best U.S. city to work in for 2007（盐湖城评为2007年美国最适宜工作的城市），没有提到是永远适宜工作的地点，A选项可排除。B选项“犹他

23、州的经济从未遭遇过衰退”，可以定位到文章倒数第二段倒数第三句Utahs housing boom turned into a bust later than most states.（犹他州的房地产泡沫破灭的时间比大多数州都晚），但并不是从没有经历衰退，B选项可排除。C选项“夏威夷是娱乐和工作的最佳场所”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），可推测夏威夷可能不太适合工作，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析

24、】细节事实题。通过题干我们可以定位到文章最后一段第四句Also, with its high birth rate, Utah has a robust population of younger employees who often add enthusiasm to the workplace（此外，由于犹他州的高出生率，年轻员工的数量也非常多，他们经常为工作增添热情），这也就是犹他州能够获得高分的原因。A选项“年轻员工的团结感和激情”符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“政府制定的良好规章制度”，文中没有提到此内容，B选项可排除。C选项“最喜欢的气候”，气候并不是造成犹他州取得高分的原因，

25、C选项可排除。D选项“地理位置优越”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题The mouth of the Amazon River has long been a starting place for hunters going to the jungles of Brazil. In recent years it has been, too, the headquarters for a middle-aged American couple who hunt the smallest living things and perhaps the most deadly

26、-viruses. Dr. Causey and his wife have discovered more new types and more old ones in new places than all of the other search teams.Dr. Causey insists that the couples success is due more to the number of viruses in the forests of the Amazon than to the skill he and his wife have developed during th

27、eir eighteen years of work in Brazil.“We have found the loveliest diseases right in our backyard,” he told me one day as we walked through a light train along a jungle trail.“Oh, these viruses are here all right. There is in the jungle a great pool of disease which is carried in the blood of animals

28、 and birds. Some of the diseases can be caught by people. It may be that we shall find that the jungle is a great center of virus disease and that it overflows from here to other parts of the world. It may be that birds carry the viruses to far countries. It may be that some viruses which presently

29、reproduce in man without making him ill, may change and become deadly to him. Viruses waiting for a disease, they are sometimes called. This is just an idea, you understand. We do not know, but it is important that we find out, and the first step in finding out is to learn what viruses there are in

30、the jungles.”There is a Brazilian story about the beginning of the world which goes: When God was making the world he tried to keep everything in balance. When he made a desert, he provided it with some green places. When he made a land that was beautiful, he gave it storms and other terrible things

31、 caused by the weather. Where the earth was rich below the surface, it was also made hard to live on. Where the land could be farmed, the weather was made too hot or too cold or too dry. Where there was enough water, God made it so that there should sometimes be too much water.“But in one place God

32、made a land that was rich, where everything grew easily. Where it was not too hot and certainly not too cold, where animals were plentiful and fruit hung from the trees all the year round.”“The angels looked at this loveliness and were jealous of man.” They asked God if this was not too beautiful, t

33、oo much like heaven, this valley of the Amazon.“And God said, True, this land looks like heaven, but wait until you see what happens to man when he tries to live in it.”1. The Causeys chose the mouth of the Amazon as their headquarters_.2. According to Dr. Causey, the success of his wife and himself

34、 was mainly due to _.3. Which of the following is true?4. When Dr. Causey said, “We have found the loveliest diseases right in our backyard”, he meant _.5. The central idea of the Brazilian legend is that _.问题1选项A.in order to hunt animals of the junglesB.because it was the starting point of most hun

35、tersC.because they did not want to stay in the jungleD.in order to have easy access to the jungle问题2选项A.their 18 years of work in BrazilB.their rich and incomparable experienceC.a large amount of viruses in the Amazon forestD.their well-chosen headquarters at the mouth of River Amazon问题3选项A.The jung

36、le is the only place where we can find viruses.B.The Causeys went to Brazil to look for viruses and wild animals.C.Viruses are only carried in the blood of animals.D.Not all viruses are, at present, harmful to man.问题4选项A.new viruses have just been discoveredB.his discovery was a bit frighteningC.he

37、and his wife were surrounded by harmful virusesD.his job was uninteresting at all问题5选项A.things in nature tend to be balancedB.the Amazon is the best place God has createdC.even God cannot do everything perfectlyD.there is not such a place as heaven in this world【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.【试题

38、答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句The mouth of the Amazon River has long been a starting place for hunters going to the jungles of Brazil.（长期以来，亚马逊河口一直是猎人前往巴西丛林的起点）。B选项“因为这是大多数猎人的起点”，B选项符合题意，因此B选项正确。A选项“来猎取丛林里的动物”，文章只是说猎捕最小的生物，可排除A选项。C选项“因为他们不想呆在丛林里”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“以便方便地进入丛林”，文章没有提到是为了方便进入丛林，才把总部设

39、在河口，可排除D选项。因此B选项为正确答案。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。我们可以定位到文章第二段Dr. Causey insists that the couples success is due more to the number of viruses in the forests of the Amazon than to the skill he and his wife have developed during their eighteen years of work in Brazil.（Causey博士坚持认为，这对夫妇的成功更多是由于亚马逊森林里的病毒数量，而不

40、是他和妻子在巴西工作的18年所培养的技能。）根据凯西博士的话语推测他们的成功离不开亚马逊森林里的病毒。C选项“亚马逊森林里有大量的病毒”符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“他们在巴西工作了18年”，文章所说他们的成功不是因为18年的工作所培养的技能，A选项排除。B选项“他们丰富而无可比拟的经验”，文章所说，不是由于他们18年所培养的技能，B选项可排除。D选项“他们精心挑选的亚马逊河口总部”，文章第二段没有提到此内容，可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。D选项“目前，并非所有的病毒都对人类有害”，文章所说“有些目前在人体内繁殖而不使人生病的病毒”，D选项正确。A

41、选项“丛林是唯一能找到病毒的地方”，说法过于绝对，可排除。B选项“Causeys去了巴西寻找病毒和野生动物”，他们主要是为了抓捕小动物，B选项可排除。C选项“病毒只在动物的血液中携带”，文章所说，有些疾病会被人类感染，并带到其他地方，因此C选项可排除。因此D选项为正确答案。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。通过题干我们可以定位到文章第三段“We have found the loveliest diseases right in our backyard,” he told me one day as we walked through a light train along a ju

42、ngle trail.（我们在自家后院发现了最可爱的疾病，一天，当我们走过一条丛林小径的轻轨时，他对我说），因此可推测，凯西夫妇居住周围，都围绕着病毒。C选项“他和他的妻子被有害的病毒包围着”，符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“新病毒刚刚被发现”，确实发现了病毒，但不确定是不是新的病毒，A选项可排除。B选项“他的发现有点吓人”，文章提到发现的病毒是最可爱的，因此可推测，他们愿意发现病毒，B选项可排除。D选项“他的工作一点也不有趣”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除D。因此C选项为正确答案。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。通过题干我们可以定位到文章倒数第四段第一句There is a Bra

43、zilian story about the beginning of the world which goes: When God was making the world he tried to keep everything in balance.（有一个关于世界起源的巴西故事：当上帝创造世界的时候，他试图让一切保持平衡）。A选项“自然界的事物往往是平衡的”符合文章内容，因此A选项正确。B选项“亚马逊是上帝创造的最好的地方”，文中所说天使们认为亚马逊是很像天堂的地方，但是上帝却说住在这里的人会发生什么事是不确定的，因此B选项可排除。C选项“即使上帝也不能把每件事都做得完美”，选项的意思是

44、贴切的，但不是传说的中心思想，因此C选项可排除。D选项“这个世界上没有天堂这样的地方”，不符合句意，可排除。因此A选项为正确答案。3. 单选题Sex and connections: these are not the criteria on which science should be judged, least of all by scientists. But in the first extensive analysis of the way that fellowships in science are awarded, which is published this week i

45、n Nature, Christine Wenneras and Agnes Wold, microbiologists at Gothenburg University, in Sweden, found that these factors matter as much as, if not more than, scientific merit.Peer review, the evaluation (often anonymous) of a piece of scientific work by other scientists in the same field, is centr

46、al to the way in which science proceeds. Journals use it to help decide whether to publish papers and funding agencies use it when deciding to whom to award grants.Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold analyzed the reviews of the 114 applications that the Swedish Medical Research Council received for the 20 pos

47、tdoctoral fellowships it offered in 1995. Of the applicants, 46% were women, of the successful recipients, of the awards only 20% were women.In principle, of course, that might reflect their abilities. In practice, other factors seem to be at work.When the council gets a grant application, it is eva

48、luated by five reviewers, on three measures: scientific competence, the proposed methodology and the relevance of the research. Each measure is given a score of between zero and four; each reviewers scores are multiplied together, giving a single score between zero and 64; and finally, the scores fr

49、om the reviewers are averaged together, giving the total score.Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold identified, after careful analysis, two factors that improved the scores significantly: being male and knowing a reviewer. In fact, the difference was so great that in order to get the same competence score as a

50、 man, a woman would need either to know someone on the committee or to have published three more papers than the man in Nature or Science. It is often joked that a woman has to be twice as good as a man to do well; Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold found that she would need to be, on average, 2.5 times as g

51、ood on their measures to be rated as highly by reviewers. Such being the case, ambitious woman would perhaps do well to return to a time-honored but supposedly obsolete tradition, and apply under a male name.1. What is this passage mainly about?2. What is the other most important factor beside sex t

52、hat may affect peer review scores?3. What does the author suggest by using “supposedly” in the last sentence?4. This piece of writing is most likely _.问题1选项A.Abuses in peer reviewB.Favoritism in granting fellowshipsC.A comparison of male and female scientistsD.Sex discrimination in the science world

53、问题2选项A.ConnectionsB.Publication of papers in major science journalsC.Competence of the researcherD.Methods used by the research问题3选项A.It is no longer fashionable for women to write under male names.B.Bias against women still exists today.C.Women today are on an equal footing with men.D.Nowadays wome

54、n do as well in science as men.问题4选项A.a news reportB.a research paperC.a lectureD.an argument【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，由题干可以定位到文章第一段，性别本不是评判科学的标准，但这个因素与科学价值同等重要，甚至更重要。D选项“科学世界中的性别歧视”，符合文章的内容大意，文章主要讲的是在科学界的性别歧视，D选项正确。B选项“同行评审中的弊端”，文章虽有提到这个内容，但不是文章的主要内容，因此可排除B选项。C选项“男性和女性科学

55、家的比较”，文章部分内容有提到，但不是文章主要内容，因此C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Sex and connections: these are not the criteria on which science should be judged, least of all by scientists（性与联系：这些都不是评判科学的标准，尤其是科学家），虽说如此，但在下文出现了转折，也就是说这两点是会作为评判标准因此可推测影响评判标准除了性别还有联系。A选项“联系”，符合文章内容。A选项正确。B选项“在主要科学期刊上发

56、表论文”，文章说同行评议是为了帮助决定是否发表论文，可排除B选项。C选项“研究人员的能力”，同行评议可能会反映个人能力，能力的高低并不会成为决定性因素，可排除C。D选项“研究采用的方法”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Such being the case, ambitious woman would perhaps do well to return to a time-honored but supposedly obsolete tradition, and apply under a ma

57、le name.（在这种情况下，有抱负的女性或许应该回到一个历史悠久但被认为过时的传统，用男性的名字申请），因此可推测，对于女性的歧视，仍然存在。B选项“对妇女的偏见今天仍然存在”，符合文章内容，因此B选项正确。A选项“女性用男性的名字写作已不再时髦”，名字的表面内容并不是作者想表达的，因此A选项可排除。C选项“今天妇女与男子处于平等地位”，妇女和男子不可能处于平等地位，因此C选项可排除。D选项“现在女性在科学领域的表现和男性一样好”，文章所说，妇女要表现得好于男性的2.5倍才可能达到男性的待遇，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干这篇文章最有可能是，通

58、读全文，可以推测这篇文章最有可能为一则新闻报道。A选项“一则新闻报道”正确。B选项“研究论文”，根据文章内容来看，论文需要更严谨，因此可排除B选项。C选项“一堂讲座”，讲座的内容需要更口语化，因此也可排除C选项。D选项“一场辩论赛”，文章没有体现争论，D选项可排除。因此A选项正确。4. 翻译题Transport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times, crossroads gave birth to thriving market towns. Venice was built up around its canals, Industrial

59、Britains development followed the route of railways and waterways. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport? Cities are now home to over half of the global population, and have a large role to play in r

60、educing carbon emissions and improving air quality. This will need new technologies and new ways of organizing cities, alongside efficiency gains. Many local governments are accelerating change through policy initiatives such as integrated transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustai

61、nable procurement and lifecycle costing, and opening data up to companies and academics. And these city level policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. For example, London is requiring all newly licensed taxis to be zero-emission capable from 2018. This has resulted in five vehicle m

62、anufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment.【答案】交通总是塑造着城市。在中世纪，十字路口孕育了繁荣的集镇。威尼斯建在运河周围，英国工业的发展沿着铁路和水路。许多北美城市都是为汽车而建的。但是，对可持续交通的需求是如何塑造今天的城市的呢？城市现在居住着全球一半以上的人口，在减少碳排放和改善空气质量方面发挥着重要作用。这将需要新技术和组织城市的新方法，以及效率的提高。许多地方政府正在通过诸

63、如综合交通、拥堵费和低排放区、可持续采购和生命周期成本、以及向企业和学术界开放数据等政策举措加速变革。这些城市层面的政策可以推动市场向更可持续的方向发展。例如，伦敦要求所有新获得牌照的出租车从2018年起必须具备零排放能力。这导致五家汽车制造商承诺在最后期限前完成，这既符合它们自身的商业利益，也有利于环境。5. 单选题Most people feel stress at some time on their lives. Some people like this pressure and work better because of it. Other people are not comf

64、ortable with any stress at all; they soon become unhappy if they feel stress. Sometimes stress can lead people to do things they wouldnt usually do, such as overeat, smoke, drink, or use drugs. Stress, however, is a very normal part of life.It is important to understand that stress doesnt come from an event itself; that is from the things that are happening in our lives. It comes from the meaning we give to what has happene