2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前模拟强化练习题92（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题When television is good, nothingnot the theatre, not the magazines, or newspapersnothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there without a

2、book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence, audience participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbel

3、ievable families, blood and thunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western bad men, Western good men, private eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly, commercials that scream and offend. And most of all, boredom. True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But t

4、hey will be very, very few. And if you think I exaggerate, try it.Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to stretch, to enlarge the capacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deepen the childrens understanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for

5、 a childrens news show explaining something about the world for them at their level of understanding? Is there no room for reading the great literature of the past, teaching them the great traditions of freedom? There are some fine childrens shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of ca

6、rtoons, violence, and more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Search your conscience and see whether you cannot offer more to your young children whose future you guard so many hours each and every day.There are many people in this great country, and you must serve all of us. You will get no a

7、rgument from me if you say that, given a choice between a Western and a symphony, more people will watch the Western. I like Westerns and private eyes, too. But a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest. We all know that people would more often prefer to be entertai

8、ned than stimulated or informed. But your obligations are not satisfied if you look only to popularity as a test of what to broadcast. You are not only in show business ; you are free to communicate ideas as well as to give relaxation. You must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity, more

9、alternatives. It is not enough to cater to the nations whimsyou must also serve the nations needs. The people own the air. They own it as much in prime evening time as they do at six oclock in the morning. For every hour that the people give youyou owe them something. I intend to see that your debt

10、is paid with service.1.What the author advises us to do is to（ ） .2.What seems to have offended the author most on television is（ ） .3.As far as children are concerned, the authors chief complaint is that（ ）4.According to the author, it is in the public interest to（ ） .5.It is the obligation of tele

11、vision business to（ ） .问题1选项A.read a book while watching television programsB.observe a vast wasteland on televisionC.watch all the programs of our television stationD.find out why television is good问题2选项A.violenceB.commercialsC.WesternsD.private eyes问题3选项A.cartoons and violence have become trademar

12、ksB.there is no childrens news show on televisionC.there is no reading of great literature for childrenD.there are not enough good television programs for children问题4选项A.broadcast only popular television programsB.cater to the needs of all the peopleC.broadcast both Westerns and symphoniesD.entertai

13、n people only问题5选项A.cater to the nations whimsB.provide best programs in prime evening freeC.broadcast news programs, at six in the morningD.serve the nations needs all the time【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的内容“I invite you to sit down in front of your television.I can assure you that you

14、will observe a vast wasteland.”可知，选项B符合原文。2.根据第一段的倒数第四句“And endlessly, commercials that scream and offend.”可知，最让作者不舒服的是没完没了的广告，所以选项B正确。3.根据第二段倒数第三句“There are some fine childrens shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and more violence.”有一些不错的儿童节目，但是它们被大量的卡通和暴力所淹没

15、。选项D符合原文。4.根据最后一段的内容可知，作者认为“You must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity, more alternatives.”电视节目应该提供更广泛的选择，以此来迎合所有人的需要。所以选项B正确。5.最后一段“It is not enough to cater to the nations whimsyou must also serve the nations needs.”仅仅满足民众的愿望是不够的，你还必须满足所有民众的需要。由此可知，选项D符合原文。2. 单选题Guthries contiguity

16、principle offers practical suggestions for how to break habits.One application of the threshold method involves the time young children spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities are

17、 scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result. To apply Guthries theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teache

18、r could gradually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold method also can be applied to teaching printing and handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The distances between lines on

19、a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students letters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller

20、borders to help them refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, give them a large stack of paper, and tell them to start making paper airp

21、lanes. After the students have made several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, the teacher might de

22、cide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The media center teacher might ask the students to find interesting books

23、 and read them while in the center. Assuming that the students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that

24、 using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course.1.The purpose of this passage is to （

25、 ） .2.Guthrie identified three methods for （ ）.3.Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method?4.To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over time, watching TV becomes a

26、 cue for engaging in an activity other than snacking. What method is used in this example?5.We can draw the conclusion from the passage that （ ）.问题1选项A.informB.persuadeC.debateD.narrate问题2选项A.educating studentsB.altering bad habitsC.avoiding undesired actionD.forming good hobbies问题3选项A.Parents intro

27、duce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food that the child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B.Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young children and gradually increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored.C.P

28、aper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D.A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fun by his parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.问题4选项A.The thresh

29、old method.B.The fatigue method.C.The incompatible response method.D.The punishment method问题5选项A.the incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes exhaustedB.the threshold method refers to introducing undesired beh

30、avior with a response incompatible with the undesired response so they cannot be performed simultaneouslyC.the fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformed into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes a cue for not performing itD.the fatigue method

31、 is that in presence of stimulus teachers have children make response incompatible with unwanted response【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。首先，原文第一句话说到：Guthrie的接触原则为如何打破习惯提供了实用的建议。在接下来的内容中主要是阐述是如何应用这个原则，并且提到了几种方法，由此我们可以推断，文章的目的主要是向我们阐述这些方法，所以本题选项D正确。2.细节判断题。根据第一段的内容：Guthrie的接触原则为如何打破习惯提供了实用的建议

32、。所以这三种方法是为了打破习惯，也就是改变坏的习惯，选项B符合原文。3.细节判断题。根据原文内容可知，选项D属于“the fatigue method”而不是“the threshold method”。所以本题选D。4.细节判断题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and misbehave in the media center.”不契合反应法适用于在面对传播媒体时讲话和行为不端的学生。看电视属于面对媒体的行为，所以选项C正确。5.细节推理题。选项A描述的是“疲劳法

33、”而不是“不契合反应法”，所以不正确；选项B指的是“不契合反应法”而不是“阈值法”，也不正确；选项D描述的是“不契合反应法”而不是“疲劳法”，不正确。所以，只有选项C表述正确。3. 单选题Our boss is taking everyone to the ballet tonight, and I need to make sure my new dress（ ） for the occasion.问题1选项A.has been cleanedB.should have been cleanedC.is being cleanedD.has been cleaning【答案】A【解析】句意：

34、老板今晚要带大家去看芭蕾舞剧，我得确保我的新衣服洗干净了。根据句意可知这里应用现在完成时，首先排除选项C；选项B表示本应该洗却没有洗，不符合语境；衣服是被洗，用被动语态，所以选项A正确。4. 单选题It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all（ ） to the flow of ideas shall be removed.问题1选项A.propheciesB.transactionsC.argumentsD.hindrances【答案】D【解析】prophecies预言；transactions交易，事务；argum

35、ents辩论；hindrances障碍，妨碍。句意：必须保证言论自由，最终思想流动的一切障碍都应消除。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题In 1987, H.I.V/AIDS joined a list of diseases that could keep a person out of the United States. The government later tried to cancel, its decision, but congress made the travel ban a part of immigration law. People with H.I.V., the vi

36、rus that causes AIDS, could seek an exception, but that meant extra work.Last year, Congress and President George W. Bush began the process of ending the travel ban. Now President Obama is finishing the process.BARACK OBAMA : “We talk about reducing the stigma of this disease, yet we have treated a

37、visitor living with it as a threat. We lead the world when it comes to helping the AIDS pandemic, yet we are only a dozen countries that still bar people H.I.V. from entering our country.”A final rule published Monday will end the travel ban effective January fourth. H.I.V. will no longer be a condi

38、tion that can exclude people. And H.I.V. testing will no longer for those who need a medical examination for immigration purposes. AIDS has killed more than twenty-five people since the early 1980s.In September, there was news that a vaccine showed some ability to prevent H.I.V. infection in humans

39、for the first time. The full results of the vaccine study were presented in later October at an international conference in Paris. They were also reported in the New England Journal of Medicine. The researchers confirmed that the study in Thailand produced only “modest” results.The United States Arm

40、y sponsored the vaccine trial. The study combined two vaccines, using versions of H.I.V. common in Thailand. Neither vaccine alone had shown success in earlier studies.Thai researchers tested the combination in more than 16, 000 volunteers. Half of the volunteers got the vaccine. The others got a pl

41、acebo, an inactive substance. All were given condoms and counseling on AIDS prevention for three years. The study found 31 percent fewer cases of infection in the vaccine group than in the placebo group.But critics said the findings could possibly have resulted from chance. The announcement in Septe

42、mber was based on all 16, 000 volunteers. Almost one-third of them, however didnt follow all the required steps in the study. Results just from those who did were similar to the larger group, but the influence of chance is way more of a possibility.Still, the researchers said the study produced enou

43、gh valuable information to offer new hopes for AIDS research.1.According to the article,（ ）did not want people with H. I. V. virus to seek entry to America twenty years ago.2.According to this article, it was（ ）who sponsored that medical experiment to find vaccine for H. I. V. carriers.3.From the ar

44、ticle we can infer that 8,000 volunteers in（ ）were given the vaccine.4.According to the article, which one of the following statements is true?5.According to the critics, the findings of the test（ ）.问题1选项A.George BushB.ObamaC.the CongressD.the Senate问题2选项A.the Thai GovernmentB.the French GovernmentC

45、.the scientist from New EnglandD.the United States Army问题3选项A.ThailandB.the United States of AmericaC.FranceD.Canada问题4选项A.America was the only country that prevented people with H. I. V. from entering the country.B.Only a few countries refused to issue entry visa to people with H. I. V.C.The confer

46、ence held in Paris was on AIDS prevention.D.The vaccine test conducted in Thailand produced important results.问题5选项A.has produced enough valuable informationB.should not be taken seriouslyC.has produced reliable statisticsD.has paved a solid foundation for further research【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题

47、:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句“The government later tried to cancel, its decision, but congress made the travel ban a part of immigration law.”政府后来试图取消这一规定，但国会将旅行禁令作为移民法的一部分。由此可知，选项C正确。2.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句“The United States Army sponsored the vaccine trial.”美国军方赞助了疫苗试验。由此可知，选项D正确。3.事实细节题。根据第七段的一二句“Thai research

48、ers tested the combination in more than 16, 000 volunteers. Half of the volunteers got the vaccine. The others got a placebo.”泰国研究人员对1.6万多名志愿者进行了测试。一半的志愿者接种了疫苗。另一半则使用安慰剂。由此可知选项A正确。4.是非判断题。根据第三段最后一句“yet we are only a dozen countries that still bar people H.I.V. from entering our country.”我国（美国）也是仅有的十

49、几个禁止艾滋病人入境的国家之一。由此可知，选项A错误，选项B正确；根据第五段第二句“The full results of the vaccine study were presented in later October at an international conference in Paris.”可知，在巴黎举行的会议是公布研究结果而不是预防艾滋，所以选项C错误；根据第五段最后一句“The researchers confirmed that the study in Thailand produced onlymodestresults.”研究人员证实，在泰国进行的这项研究只产生了“

50、温和”的结果，所以选项D也错误。5.事实细节题。根据倒数第二段第一句“But critics said the findings could possibly have resulted from chance.”批评人士表示，这些发现可能是偶然的。选项B符合原文。6. 单选题Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food,（ ） their cleanness, toughness and low cost.问题1选项A.by virtue ofB.in addition toC.for the sake ofD.as oppos

51、ed to【答案】A【解析】by virtue of借助，由于；in addition to 除.之外；for the sake of 为了.；as opposed to 与.相反。句意：塑料袋由于其干净、结实和低成本的优点，可用于装各种各样的食物。选项A符合句意。7. 单选题Reporters and photographers alike took great （ ）at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation【答案】B【解析】

52、固定搭配。take offence at sth., 意为“对某事生气”。选项B符合句意。8. 单选题The Internet has been around for an almost equal amount of time as most forms of media, but only recently（ ）a popular way of retrieving information.问题1选项A.has it becomeB.it has becameC.it becomesD.does it become【答案】A【解析】语法知识。根据only可知这里应该用倒装，首先排除选项B和

53、C；填空处应用现在完成时表示过去对现在产生影响，所以选项A正确。9. 单选题The terrorists kidnapped the director of the company and demanded a large sums of money for his （ ）.问题1选项A.libertyB.reliefC.relaxationD.release【答案】D【解析】上下文语义。句意：恐怖分子绑架了这家公司的经理，要求得到一大笔钱才会释放他。选项D符合句意。10. 单选题Globalization is a phenomenon and a revolution. It is swe

54、eping the world with increasing speed and changing the global landscape into something new and different. Yet, like all such trends, its meaning, development, and impact puzzle many. We talk about globalization and experience its effects, but few of us really understand the forces that are at work i

55、n the global political economy.When people use their cell phones, log onto the Internet, view events from around the world on live television, and experience varying cultures in their own backyards, they begin to believe that this process of globalization is a good thing that will bring a variety of

56、 new and sophisticated changes to peoples lives. Many aspects of this technological revolution bring fun, ease, and sophistication to peoples daily lives. Yet the anti-World Trade Organization (WTO) protests in Seattle, Washington in 1999 and Washington, D. C. in 2000 are graphic illustrations of th

57、e fact that not everyone believes that globalization is a good thing. Many Americans who have felt left out of the global economic boom, as well as Latin Americans, Africans, and Asians who feel that their job skills and abilities are being exploited by multinational corporations (MNCs) in a global

58、division of labor, believe that this system does not meet their needs. Local cultures that believe that Wal-Mart and McDonalds bringing cultural change and harm rather than inexpensive products and convenience criticize the process. In this way, globalization, like all revolutionary forces, polarize

59、s people, alters the fabric of their lives, and creates rifts within and between people.Many in the West, along with the prominent and elite among MNCs, educators, and policymakers, seem to have embraced globalization. They argue that it helps to streamline economic systems, disciplines labor and ma

60、nagement, brings forth new technologies and ideas, and fuels economic growth. They point to the relative prosperity of many Western countries and argue that this is proof of globalizations positive effects. They see little of the problems the critics identify. In fact, those who recognize some struc

61、tural problems in the system argue that despite these issues, globalization is like across the developing world, view globalization as an economic and cultural wave that tears at the fabric of centuries-old societies. They see jobs emerging disappearing in a matter of months, people moving across th

62、e landscape in record numbers, elites amassing huge fortunes while local cultures and traditions are swept away, and local youth being seduced by promises of American material wealth and distanced from their own cultural roots. These critics look past the allure of globalization and focus on the dis

63、quieting impact of rapid and system-wide change.The irony of such a far-ranging and rapid historical process such as globalization is that both proponents and critics may be right. The realities of globalization are both intriguing and alarming. As technology and the global infrastructure expand, ideas, methods, and services are developed and disseminated to greater and greater numbers of people. As a result, societies and values are altered, some for the better and others for the worse.1.The author complains that（ ） .2.The anti-world Trade Organi