2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考前模拟强化练习题81（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题I am told that Professor Atkins has already visited this site for five times since the area was opened to geologists in 2007.问题1选项A.I am toldB.has already visitedC.for five timesD.was opened to geologistsE.没有错误【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。opened应改为open, be open to对开放。2. 单选题Onc

2、e you have finished reading these documents from our consultant, we would like to have your opinion regarding the value of the advices received so far.问题1选项A.Once you haveB.regardingC.value of the advicesD.so farE.没有问题【答案】E【解析】3. 填空题Do you know how we can get （ ）to hold an outdoor concert on campus?

3、【答案】permission【解析】固定搭配。Get permission to 获得权限。4. 单选题We got into a taxi with John to send him to the train station, but we had only gone about half a kilometer when we were involved in an accident.问题1选项A.to send him toB.we had only goneC.whenD.were involved inE.没有问题【答案】A【解析】动词误用。send改为take。send的意思为“发

4、送；派遣”。这里指 “送他去火车站”。5. 填空题13. We are having some（1） with the machine that we imported （2）Japan last year. It has（3） down twice already. Each time we have（4） to ask a technician to come to Beijing to（5） it. The good news is that our technicians have （6）completed their training in Tokyo. The next time

5、we have a（7） , we wont need to send for a Japanese specialist.句意:我们去年从日本进口的这台机器正有些故障。它已经发生过两次故障了。 每次故障发生时，我们都不得不让日方派技术员来北京修理它。好消息是我们自己的 技术员己经结束了他们在东京的培训。下次该机器再有故障时，我们就不需要邀请日本专家了。【答案】1.trouble2.from3.broken4.had5.repair6.already7.breakdown【解析】1.固定搭配。Have trouble with 有故障。2.固定搭配。imported from从进口。3.固定搭

6、配。break down损坏，分解，发生故障，分词为broken down。4.固定搭配。Have to 不得不。have后加动词过去分词表完成时态，故这里应填had。5.语义题。修理用repair。6.语义题。Have already 已经。7.语义题。have a breakdown 损坏,出故障。6. 填空题John used to drink heavily at business gatherings. His friends and （1）warned him not to drive when he had been drinking, but he always（2） thei

7、r warnings and drove anyway. The （3）never stopped him while he was on the road, so he concluded that he was an excellent driver（4） when he was drunk. This,（5） , was false, as he proved one evening on his （6）back from a dinner with clients. Very drunk, he drove through a red light and crashed into an

8、 oncoming car with five passengers. Two were （7）instantly, two were injured and one, the driver, escaped unharmed. John survived, but he spent two and a half months in the hospital（8） from his many injuries. After his trial he was sent to（9） for three years. He was released last month. Now he is（10）

9、 to rebuild his life.【答案】1.colleagues2.ignored3.police4.even5.however6.way7.killed8.recovering9.jail10.trying【解析】1.语义题。由前一句中的“business gatherings(商业聚会)”及本句的 “friends(朋友)”推测此处应填 “colleagues(同事)”。2.逻辑分析。由关键词“but但是”及drove anyway不管怎样还是开车”知这里表示“忽视他们的警告”。3.语义题。由关键词 “stop him让他停下了”及“on the road在路上”可推知第三个空应

10、填“police警察”。4.逻辑分析。这里用even表示让步: 即使喝醉了。5.逻辑分析。However表示转折 “然而”。6.固定搭配。on ones way 在路上。7.语义题。句意: 两人当场死亡，两人受伤，一名司机毫发无伤地逃跑。8.固定搭配。recover from恢复,痊愈。而前面是spend time in (花费时间做某事) , 后面应接动词的ing形式。所以这里填recovering。9.语义题。后面句子说: He was released last month (他上个月被释放), 所以前面说 “被判入狱”。10.语义题。句意: 现在他正在尝试重建他的生活。7. 单选题A

11、large number of people from my hometown had moved to Qingdao in search of work,with the result that I already feel quite at home there.问题1选项A.had moved toB.in search of workC.with the result thatD.quite at homeE.没有问题【答案】A【解析】时态错误。had moved to 改为have moved to。“I already feel我已经感觉”是一般现在时态，因此，前一个表示原因的分

12、句应该用现在完成时态。8. 填空题These days people get their news from many different（1） . Some people still read an old-style printed daily newspaper, while（2） read newspapers on（3）. Many people no （4）read a newspaper at all, instead relying（5） the internet for short news articles, or visiting favorite websites th

13、at circulate pieces from other websites. Another group of people get most of their news from TV or radio broadcasts. Many Western intellectuals regard the decline of the greatdaily newspapers as a negative （6）that will lead to a （7）understanding of world affairs. They are alarmed by the growing numb

14、er of people who largely（8） the outside world, focusing on their own society or small personal sphere.句意:现在人们可以通过多种出处获取新闻。一些人仍然阅读老式的纸质日报，而另一 些人则在网上看报纸。许多人不再在网上看报纸，相反只是依赖网络去关注短消息， 或浏览自己喜欢的网站。还有一群人是通过电视或收音机获取大部分消息。许多西方 知识分子把伟大的日报的衰落视为一种负面的现象，它将导致人们对世界事务了解的 匮乏。他们惊讶地发现，越来越多的人只会把注意力放在自我世界之中，关心自己的 事，而忽视外面

15、的世界。【答案】1.sources2.others3.internet4.longer5.on6.phenomenon7.poor8.ignore【解析】1.逻辑衔接。由关键词“news新闻”知这里指代“从不同的出处或消息来源获取新闻”，故这里填sources “出处；消息来源”。2.固定搭配。some.others 些 ，另一些 。3.逻辑衔接。文中提到一些人读纸质报纸，那另一些人很自然就读网上的报纸。4.固定搭配。No longer.at all不再5.固定搭配。rely on 依靠6.语义题。句意: 许多知识分子把伟大的日报的衰落视为一种负面的现象。7.语义题。句意: 阅读报纸的人数下降

16、，人们对世界事务的了解变得匮乏。8.语义题。句意: 人们把注意力放在个人世界里，也就会无视外面的世界。9. 填空题A: Im quite（1） that youve accepted that new job in Shanghai. I（2） that you hated Shanghai!B: Not at all! I love the city. I worked there（3） three months about five years （4）and I really enjoyed the place back then.A: Well, Ill be（5） to see you

17、 go. Well miss you!B: Thanks. Thats very（6） of you to say. Ill miss the people in this office too.【答案】1.surprised2.thought3.for4.ago5.sorry6.kind【解析】1.语义题。由后面的 “hated讨厌”推测此处应表示 “我非常惊讶, 你已接受上海的新工作”。2.语义题。句意:我以为你讨厌上海。3.语法题。考查介词。由后面的关键词“three months 3个月”知这里表示“在那里工作了3个 月”，故第三个空应填“for”。4.语义题。这里表示 “5年前”。5

18、.语义题。句意: 很遗憾看到你走。6.固定搭配。Thats kind of you to do sth. 您真是太好了。10. 填空题I went to see a movie last night. The film was a British comedy that had been（1） to me by a number of my friends. It turned （2）to bejust as funny as theyd said it would be. I（3） so hard that there weretears in my eyes, especially at

19、the climax toward the end. The film is without （4）the funniest that Ive ever seen. When you get a（5） , youshould see it （6）.句意:昨晚我去看了一部电影。这是一部英国喜剧电影，由很多我的朋友向我推荐。它 证明是如他们所说的那样有趣。我笑得那么厉害，以致我的眼泪都出来了，尤其是在 接近尾声的高潮时。这部电影无疑是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。如果你有机会的话， 你也应当去看看。【答案】1.recommended2.out3.laughed4.doubt5.chance6.too【

20、解析】1.语义题。句意：由很多我的朋友推荐。2.固定搭配。turn out证明是，原来是。3.逻辑衔接。由后面的关键词“ .the funniest that Ive ever seen是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。”可推知这里指“笑得厉害到眼泪都出来了”。4.固定搭配。without doubt 毫无疑问。5.逻辑衔接。句意为：若有机会，你也应当去看看。6.语义题。句意: 若有机会，你也应当去看看。11. 单选题Should I receive any messages while I am in the meeting, kindly hold them for me till after

21、the oil company representatives have left.问题1选项A.ShouldB.while I am in the meetingC.kindly hold them forD.oil company representatives have leftE.没有问题【答案】D【解析】语法题。名词所有格漏用。应改为oil companys representatives have left.12. 填空题Thank you for （1）my questions. I hope I havent taken up too much of your（2）【答案】1.

22、answering2.time【解析】1.语义题。句意: 谢谢你回答我的问题。2.语义题。句意:希望没有占用你太多时间。13. 单选题Im sure youll agree that when a person is as ambitious as Li Fei, no one can stop him to achieve his career objectives.问题1选项A.youll agree thatB.when a personC.canD.to achieveE.没有问题【答案】D【解析】固定短语误用。to achieve改为from achieving。stop sb. t

23、o do sth. 让某人停下来去做另一件事。stop sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事。这里表示 阻止他实现职业目标。14. 单选题Excuse me, but dont you think that its rather odd to give such an elaborate welcome speech and then turn around and treat a delegate with a good question as if he were a nuisance?问题1选项A.Excuse me, butB.think that its rather odd

24、C.then turn around and treatD.as if he were a nuisance?E.没有问题【答案】E【解析】15. 填空题Who（ ） you how to write Chinese characters? Your calligraphy is really impressive!【答案】taught【解析】语义题。句意: 谁 你写书法? 你的书法真令人钦佩!因此空格处应为“教”。而且此处应为过去式, 故填taught。16. 填空题These documents are all in Chinese. We need to（1） them translat

25、ed（2） English in time （3）the meeting with the foreign businessmen（4） Friday.句意: 这些文件都是汉语，我们需要在周五和外商开会前及时将他们翻译成英语。【答案】1.get2.into3.before4.on【解析】1.语法题。使役动词get在这里表示 “使翻译成”。2.固定搭配。Translateinto 将翻译成3.语义题。句意:在会议开始之前。4.语法题。考查介词。在具体的某天前用介词on。17. 单选题9. If there is any endeavour whose fruits should be freel

26、y available, that endeavour is surely publicly financed science. Morally, taxpayers who wish to should be able to read about it without further expense. And science advances through cross-fertilization between projects. Barriers to that exchange slow it down.10. There is a widespread feeling that th

27、e journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it. One of the latest converts is the British government. On July 16 it announced that, from 2013, the results of taxpayer-financed research would be available, free and online, for anyone

28、 to read and redistribute.11. Britains government is not alone. On July 17 the European Union followed suit. It proposes making research paid for by its next scientific-spending round - which runs from 2014 to 2020, and will hand out about 80 billion, or $100 billion, in grants - similarly easy to g

29、et hold of. In America, the National Institutes of Health (NIH, the single biggest source of civilian research funds in the world) has required open-access publishing since 2008. And the Wellcome Trust, a British foundation that is the worlds second-biggest charitable source of scientific money, aft

30、er the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, also insists that those who receive its support make their work available free.12. Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things, One is that their processes take months, when the internet could allow them to take days, The other is that b

31、ecause each paper is like a mini-monopoly, which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down. The publishers thus have scientists or, more accurately, their universities, which pay the subscriptions -in an armlock. That, c

32、ombined with the fact that the raw material (manuscripts of papers) is free, leads to generous returns. In 2011 Elsevier, a large Dutch publisher, made a profit of 768m on revenues of 2.06 billion - a margin of 37%. Indeed, Elseviers profits are thought so egregious by many people that 12,000 resear

33、chers have signed up to boycott the companys journals.13. Publishers do provide a service. They organize peer review, in which papers are criticized anonymously by experts (though those experts, like the authors of papers, are seldom paid for what they do). They also sort the scientific sheep from t

34、he goats, by deciding what gets published, and where. That gives the publishers huge power. Since researchers, administrators and grant-awarding bodies all take note of which work has got through this filtering mechanism, the competition to publish in the best journals is intense, and the system bec

35、omes self-reinforcing, increasing the value of those journals still further.14. But not, perhaps, for much longer. Support has been swelling for open-access scientific publishing: doing it on line, in a way that allows anyone to read papers free of charge. The movement started among scientists thems

36、elves, but governments are now, as Britains announcement makes clear, paying attention and asking whether they too might benefit from the change.15. The British announcement followed the publication of a report by Dame Janet Finch, a sociologist at the University of Manchester, which recommends enco

37、uraging a business model adopted by one of the pioneers of open-access publishing, the Public Library of Science. This organization, a charity based in San Francisco, charges authors a fee (between $1,350 and $2,900, though it is waived in cases of hardship) and then makes their papers available ove

38、r the internet for nothing. For PLoS, as the charity is widely known, this works well. It has launched seven widely respected electronic journals since its foundation in 2000. For reasons lost in history, this is known as the gold model.16. The NIHs approach is different. It lets researchers publish

39、 in traditional journals, but on condition that, within a year, they post their papers on a free repository website called PubMed. Journals have to agree to this, or be excluded from the process. This is known as the green model.17. Both gold and green models involve pre-publication peer review. But

40、 a third does away with even that. Many scientists, physicists in particular, now upload drafts of their papers into public archives paid for by networks of universities for the general good. (The most popular is known as arXivn, the middle letter being a Greek chi.) Here, manuscripts are subject to

41、 a ruthless process of open peer review, rather than the secret sort traditional publishers employ. An arXived paper may end up in a traditional journal, but that is merely to provide a public mark of approval for the research team who wrote it. Its actual publication and its value to other scientis

42、ts date from its original arrival online.18. The success of PLoS, and the political shift towards open access, is encouraging other new ventures too. Seeing the writing on the wall, several commercial publishers are experimenting with gold-model publishing. Meanwhile, later this year a coalition of

43、the Wellcome Trust, the Max Planck Institute (which runs many of Germanys leading laboratories) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute will publish the first edition of eLife, an open-access journal with ambitions to rival the most famous journal of the lot, Nature. The deep pockets of these organi

44、zations mean that, for the first few years at least, this journal will not even require a publication fee.19. Much remains to be worked out. Some fear the loss of the traditional journals* curation and verification of research. Even Sir Mark Walport, the director of the Wellcome Trust and a fierce a

45、dvocate of open-access publication, worries that a system based on the green model could become fragmented. That might happen if the newly liberated papers ended up in different places rather than being consolidated in the way the NIH insists on. But research just published in BMC Medicine (an open-

46、access journal from Springer) suggests papers in open-access journals are as widely cited as those in traditional publications.20. A revolution, then, has begun. Technology permits it; researchers and politicians want it.If scientific publishers are not trembling in their boots, they should be .1.Th

47、e opening paragraphs of text B seem to indicate that（ ）2.According to text B, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation（ ） .3.Text B states that people who are unhappy with publishers of scientific journals （ ）.4.When scientific papers pass through peer review,（ ） .5.The word egregious in paragraph 12 m

48、eans（ ） .6.In the publication models described in text B, peer review occurs （ ）.7.Paragraph 18（ ） .8.Towards the end of text B, the author mentions the concerns of Sir Mark Walport,who（ ） .9.If one compares text A and text B, one can see that（ ） .问题1选项A.scientists are angered by the publication pra

49、ctices that they confront in their work.B.commercial publishers are increasingly seen as a negative factor in science.C.commercial publishers are needed more than ever in order to separate good research from poor research.D.less good research is appearing as a result of the control exercised by jour

50、nal publishers.问题2选项A.is a very important provider of funding for scientific research.B.requires that researchers supported by the Foundation make their findings freely available to the public.C.follows the example set by the NIH in America.D.has a monopoly on any research results produced by scient

51、ists it supports.问题3选项A.object to their slowness and the high cost of the journals.B.think that such journals should be abolished as an obstacle to free speech.C.criticize above all the unfairness of choosing some articles for publication and not others.D.blame them for the slow pace of scientific p

52、rogress in recent years.问题4选项A.they are being graded and assigned to different levels of publication.B.government officials decide what research is worthy of publication.C.researchers are being paid to criticize the work of fellow researchers.D.scientists are evaluating the work of other scientists

53、in their field问题5选项A.somewhat unfavorableB.quite unnecessaryC.strikingly unreasonableD.clearly bizarre问题6选项A.before publication in the first two, after publication in the thirdB.in secret and without the name of the reviewers being knownC.for papers in some scientific fields but not in othersD.in ex

54、actly the same way. Peer review is not an issue问题7选项A.seems to indicate that most journal publishers are resisting any change.B.makes it clear that the present publishing arrangements are doomedC.provides support for the strong assertions in the final paragraph of the text.D.in effect predicts that

55、the commercial publishers will win in the struggle with free open-access publication.问题8选项A.fears that the quality of scientific publishing is currently in decline.B.strongly supports the green model over current arrangements and other publishing models.C.believes that the weaknesses of the green mo

56、del can easily be remedied by the use of open-access repository websites for research.D.worries that good papers published in open-access journals and repositories may not receive the attention that they deserve.问题9选项A.both texts are straightforward reports, i.e. objective presentations of facts.B.t

57、ext B is basically a discussion essay advancing certain opinions, while text A is a simple report.C.both texts are intended to win the reader over to certain views.D.text A is intended to win support for a certain direction in research, whereas text B explains a dilemma in straightforward terms, wit

58、hout taking a position of any sort【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C第6题:A第7题:C第8题:D第9题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。题干意思为“文章B开始的段落似乎为了指出”。第十段指出:There is a widespread feeling that the journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it (人们普遍认为, 在过去一个世纪或更多时间调停这个

59、交换（即科研成果）的期刊出版商正成为该调停的障碍。可知B项“商业出版商正越来越被看成是科学的消极因素” 正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第11段: And the Welcome Trust, a British foundation that is the worlds second-biggest charitable source of scientific money, after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, also insists that those who receive its support make their wor

60、k available free (另外，仅次于比尔和梅林达盖茨基金会，作去世界上第二大慈善科研资金来源的英国维康信托基金会，也坚持要求那些接受它支持的对象 必须公开科研成果)。由此可知A项“一个重要的科研资金提供者”正确.。3.细节事实题。由第十二段第一句指出: Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things, One is that their processes take months, when the internet could allow them to take days, The other i

61、s that because each paper is like a mini-monopoly, which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down(对期刊出版商的批评通常归结为两件事，一是他们的过程需要几个月，当互联网允许他们花上几天的时间时，另一个是因为每一份报纸都像一个小的垄断，如果他们想提高自己的阅读水平，这一领域的工作人员必须阅读, 没有降价的空间),可知A项“抗议他们（出版商）

62、的速度慢和期刊的高价格”正确。4.细节事实题。题干说 “当科学论文通过同行评审时”。第十三段:They organize peer review, in which papers are criticized anonymously by experts （though those experts, like the authors of papers, are seldom paid for what they do）(他们（即出版商）组织同行评审，在该评审中专家们不具名地对论文进行评论（但是这些专家如论文的作者样很少为自己的工作而得到报酬）)。由此可知D项“科学家将评价自己领域其它科学家的工作”正确。5.词义题。根据题干定位至第十二段: Indeed, Elseviers profits are thought so egregious by manypeople that 12,000 researchers have signed up to boycott the companys journals (的确，爱思唯尔（世界领先的科技及医学出版公司）的利润被许多人认为是如此，以致1.2万名研究者签名去联合抵制这家公司的期刊)。由此推测egre