2022年考博英语-武汉大学考前模拟强化练习题82（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-武汉大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Since professors stand at the center of the students encounter with college learning, students ought to ask what marks a good professor, what indicates a bad one. The one who sets high standards and persists in demanding that students try to meet them provides the

2、 right experiences. The professor who gives praise cheaply who pretends to a relationship that does not and cannot exist teaches the wrong lessons. True, the demanding teacher does not trade in the currency students possess,which is their power to praise or reject teachers. The demanding professor k

3、nows that students will stumble. But the ones who pick themselves up and try again have learned a lesson that will save them for a lifetime.I do not mean to suggest that for each one of us there is one perfect teacher who changes our lives. We must learn from many teachers as we grow up and grow old

4、; and we must learn to recognize the good ones. The great teacher is the one who wants to become obsolete in the life of the student. The good teacher is the one who teaches lessons and moves on, celebrating the students growth. The Talmud relates the story of a disciple in an academy who won an arg

5、ument over the position held by God in the academy on high. The question is asked, “What happened in heaven?” The answer: “God clapped hands in joy, saying, My children have vanquished me, my children have vanquished.” That is a model for the teacherto enjoy losing an argument to a student, to recog

6、nize his or her contribution, to let the student surpass the teacher.In the encounter with the teacher who takes you seriously, you learn to take yourself seriously. In the eyes of the one who sees what you can accomplish, you gain a vision of yourself as more than you thought you were. The ideal pr

7、ofessor is the one who inspires to dream of what you can be. Everyone who succeeds in life can point to such a teacher, whether in the classroom or on the sports field. It is always the one who cared enough to criticize,and stayed around to praise.To define an ideal for their work, let me offer guid

8、elines on how to treat professors the way we treat students. The conscientious professors spend time reading and thinking about students papers, inscribing their comments and even discussing with students the strengths and weaknesses of their work. Since effective teaching requires capturing the stu

9、dents imagination,the professor who is a “character” is apt, whether liked or disliked,to make a profound impression and perhaps also to leave a mark on the students minds. The drab professors, not gossiped about and not remembered except for what they taught,may find that even what they taught is f

10、orgotten.Students have their own definitions of good and bad. Let us consider how students evaluate their teachers,examining in turn the A,B,and C professors. We will begin at the bottom of one scale and work our way up. Let us at the same time consider what kind of student seeks which grade.1.From

11、this passage we know that the author thinks a lot of professors who（ ）.2.It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that a good teacher（ ） .3.The sentence “the ones who pick themselves up and try again have learned a lesson will save them for a lifetime” in paragraph 1 means that（ ） .4.The word “drab” in p

12、aragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “ （ ）”.问题1选项A.offer students pleasant experiences in their studiesB.often meet students and exchange ideas with themC.enjoy the growth of studentsD.encourage students to achieve their goals问题2选项A.tries every means to shape the characters of studentsB.keeps pace wi

13、th timesC.feels happy to see students outdo himD.helps students aim high问题3选项A.The students who have got continuous help from professors will move along a smooth way in their lifeB.The students who are able to get up after a fall can be successful in their lifeC.The students whom the professors have

14、 provided right guidelinesto will be unlikely to have mishaps in their lifeD.The students who can draw on his experience of failure will be benefited for all their life问题4选项A.dullB.criticalC.effectiveD.impressive【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】1. From this passage we know that the author thi

15、nks a lot of professors who _. 1. 从这篇文章中我们知道作者认为很多教授_。A. offer students pleasant experiences in their studies A. 在他们的研究中提供给学生愉快的经历B. often meet students and exchange ideas with them B. 经常与学生见面并与他们交流C. enjoy the growth of students C. 享受学生的成长D. encourage students to achieve their goals D. 鼓励学生实现他们的目标【

16、考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】第二段第二句指出“在我们长大，变老的过程中，要向很多老师学习，同时，我们要学会辨别出好老师”，这里所指的好老师即是第一段所指的demanding professor（要求严格的教授）。因此可推断，非常多的老师不是严格的教授，而是第一段第二句所讲的“轻易给予学生评价，假装和同学关系很好的教授，他们假装出来的好关系其实并不存在，也不可能存在，他们并没有给学生好的教育”，所以A项“在他们的研究中提供给学生愉快的经历”符合这一分析。故该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B项“经常与学生见面并与他们交流”没有提及，无中生有；C项“享受学生的成长”和D项“鼓励学生实现他们的目标

17、”是demanding professor（要求严格的教授）做到的，属于反向干扰。第2题:2.【选项释义】2. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that a good teacher _. 2. 从第二段可以推断出一个好的老师_。A. tries every means to shape the characters of students A. 努力塑造学生的性格B. keeps pace with times B. 与时俱进C. feels happy to see students outdo him C. 很高兴看到同学们超过他D. helps

18、students aim high D. 帮助学生志存高远【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段的第三句“好老师教课教得好，并且继续努力，祝贺学生能进步”和最后一句“这是老师的榜样：乐于在学生面前输掉争论，认可他或她的贡献，让学生超越老师”，综合理解可知，好的老师乐于看到学生超过自己。所以C选项“很高兴看到同学们超过他”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A项“努力塑造学生的性格”、B项“与时俱进”该段没有提到，无中生有；D项“帮助学生志存高远”是一个理想的教授会帮助学生做的事情，与题干无关，张冠李戴。第3题:3.【选项释义】3. The sentence “the ones who pick th

19、emselves up and try again have learned a lesson will save them for a lifetime” in paragraph 1 means that _. 3. 第1段中的句子“the ones who pick themselves up and try again have learned a lesson will save them for a lifetime”的意思是_。A. the students who have got continuous help from professors will move along

20、a smooth way in their life A. 得到教授不断帮助的学生在他们的生活中将会一帆风顺B. the students who are able to get up after a fall can be successful in their life B. 跌倒后能够爬起来的学生在他们的生活中是成功的C. the students whom the professors have provided right guidelines to will be unlikely to have mishaps in their life C. 那些被教授正确指导的学生在他们的生

21、活中不太可能有不幸D. the students who can draw on his experience of failure will be benefited for all their life D. 能借鉴失败经验的学生将终生受益【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】首先，根据题干定位至第一段最后一句“那些从失败的经验中振作起来的人, 他们会汲取教训从而终身受益”，倒数第二句就提到“要求高的老师知道学生会跌倒”，综合理解可知，D项“能借鉴失败经验的学生将终生受益”符合题干这句话的意思。故该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A项“得到教授不断帮助的学生在他们的生活中将会一帆风顺”、C项“那

22、些被教授正确指导的学生在他们的生活中不太可能有不幸”根据解题思路可知，表述与原文不符，曲解原文；B项“跌倒后能够爬起来的学生在他们的生活中是成功的”中的successful（成功）与原文不符，曲解原文。第4题:4.【选项释义】4. The word “drab” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “_”. 4. 第4段中的“drab”一词的意思最接近“_”。A. dull A. 迟钝的B. critical B. 批判的C. effective C. 有效的D. impressive D. 印象深刻的【考查点】词义推测题。【解题思路】由drab定位

23、至倒数第二段最后一句“那些drab的教授，除了他们教过的东西外，不会被人八卦，也不会被人记住，他们可能会发现，甚至他们教过的东西也被人遗忘了”，结合上一句“一个有个性的教授，无论学生喜欢还是不喜欢，都容易给学生留下深刻的印象，也许也会在学生的头脑中留下印记”，从中可知，上下两句形成了对比，推测drab的意思和上一句中“有个性的”相反，所以drab应与dull意思相近。故该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B项“批判的”根据解题思路可知，属于曲解原文；C项“有效的”和D项“印象深刻的”是“有个性的”老师所具备的，属于张冠李戴。2. 不定项选择题The weight of plastic waste

24、clogging the worlds oceans threatens to exceed all fish by 2050 if the worlds seemingly insatiable appetite for the material continues at the current explosive rate, warned a new report presented on Tuesday.In fact, according to the study by the Ellen MeaArthur Foundation along with the World Econom

25、ic Forum, “plastics production has surged over the past 50 years, from 15 million tonnes in 1964 to 311 million tonnes in 2014, and is expected to double again over the next 20 years.”The studyThe New Plastics Economy: Rethinking The Future of Plasticsintroduced at the opening day of the WEFs annual

26、 summit in Davos, Switzerland is the first of its kind to comprehensively assess global plastic packaging flows. The report makes an economic case for what it calls the “New Plastics Economy”, described as “a new approach based on creating effective after-use pathways for plastics; drastically reduc

27、ing leakage of plastics into natural systems, in particular oceans; and decoupling plastics from fossil feedstocks”.Among the findings, which are based on interviews with over 180 experts and on analysis of over 200 reports, the study estimates that roughly 8 million tonnes of plastics leak into the

28、 ocean each year“which is equivalent to dumping the contents of one garbage truck into ocean every minute”, This amount is expected to double by 2030.“In a business-as-usual scenario, the ocean is expected to contain/tonne of plastic for every 3 tonnes of fish by 2025, and by 2050, more plastics tha

29、n fish (by weight)” the report continues.Whats more, the report estimates that only 14 percent of plastic packaging is collected for recycling and even less for plastics in general. After sorting, only 5 percent is ultimately retained for subsequent use, which is far below global recycling rates for

30、 paper (58 per cent) and iron and steel (70-90 percent).Further, the report examines the carbon impact of plastics production, given that over 90 percent are derived from “virgin fossil feedstocks”. Plastics production represents roughly 6 percent of global oil consumption and “If the current strong

31、 growth of plastics usage continues as expected, the plastics sector will account for 20% of total oil consumption and 15% of the global annual carbon budget by 2050.”The report argues that single-use plastics, and plastic packaging specifically, represents a net loss for the economy, as its limited

32、 value is outweighed by these negative impacts. It states:After a short first-use cycle, 95% of plastic packaging material value, or USD 80-120 billion annually, is lost to the economy. A staggering 32% of plastic packaging escapes collection systems, generating significant economic costs by reducin

33、g urban infrastructure. The cost of such after-use externalities for plastic packaging, plus the cost associated with greenhouse gas emissions from its production, is exceeding the plastic packaging industrys profit pool.“Linear models of production and consumption are increasingly challenged by the

34、 context within which they operate, and this is particularly true for high-volume, low-value materials such as plastic packaging,” said Ellen MacArthur, an accomplished British yachtswoman turned foundation chair.The researchers conclude that in order to get closer to the goal of a “circular economy

35、” where “consumption happens only in effective bio-cycles; elsewhere use replaces consumption” both the public and private sector must work towards the goal of creating plastics that can be both recycled and composted.1.Which of the following is CORRECT about New Plastics Economy according to the pa

36、ssage?2.All EXCEPT （ ） can be found from the findings of The New Plastics Economy.3.Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the passage?4.How to get closer to the goal of circular economy according to the researchers?问题1选项A.It is an approach based on creating evasive after-use pathways for

37、plastics.B.It is an approach reducing leakage of plastics into natural systems, in particular lands.C.It is an approach decoupling plastics from iron feedstocks.D.It comes from a study introduced at the opening day of the WEFs annual summit in Davos, Switzerland.问题2选项A.It is estimated that about 8 m

38、illion tonnes of plastics leak into the ocean each year.B.Plastics production represents roughly 6 percent of global oil consumption.C.Plastics production will be 311 million tonnes and account for 20% of total oil consumption by 2050.D.The ocean is expected to contain/tonne of plastic for every 3 t

39、onnes of fish by 2025 in a business-as-usual scenario.问题3选项A.Only 14 percent of the plastic packaging is ultimately retained for subsequent use after sorting.B.The global recycling rates for paper are 58% .C.32% of plastic packaging gets away from collection systems, generating significant economic

40、costs.D.95% of plastic packaging material value is lost to the economy after a short first-use cycle.问题4选项A.To make a linear model of production and consumption of high-volume, low-value plastic packaging.B.To make the public and private sector work together to create plastics that can be both recyc

41、led and composted.C.To make use replace consumption when required.D.To make consumption happen in sustainable bio-cycles.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】1. Which of the following is CORRECT about New Plastics Economy according to the passage? 1. 根据文章，关于新塑料经济，下列哪个选项是正确的？A. It is an approach b

42、ased on creating evasive after-use pathways for plastics. A. 这是一种基于为塑料创造回避使用后路径的方法。B. It is an approach reducing leakage of plastics into natural systems, in particular lands. B. 这是一种减少塑料泄漏到自然系统，特别是土地的方法。C. It is an approach decoupling plastics from iron feedstocks. C. 这是一种从铁原料中分离塑料的方法。D. It comes f

43、rom a study introduced at the opening day of the WEFs annual summit in Davos, Switzerland. D. 它来自于在瑞士达沃斯举行的世界经济论坛年度峰会开幕日推出的一项研究。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“这项名为新塑料经济：重新思考塑料的未来的研究报告是在瑞士达沃斯世界经济论坛年度峰会开幕日推出的，这是首个全面评估全球塑料包装流动的此类研究”，理解可知，新塑料经济来自于在瑞士达沃斯举行的世界经济论坛年度峰会开幕日推出的一项研究，D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“这是一种基于为塑料创造回避使用后

44、路径的方法”、B选项“这是一种减少塑料泄漏到自然系统，特别是土地的方法”和C选项“这是一种从铁原料中分离塑料的方法”定位至第三段第二句“该报告为其所谓的新塑料经济提出了经济理由，称其为一种基于为塑料创造有效的使用后路径的新方法；大幅减少塑料泄漏到自然系统，特别是海洋；以及将塑料与化石原料分离。”可知，都与原文不符，曲解原文。第2题:2.【选项释义】2. All EXCEPT _ can be found from the findings of The New Plastics Economy. 2. 除了_，其他都可以在新塑料经济的调查结果中找到。A. It is estimated tha

45、t about 8 million tonnes of plastics leak into the ocean each year. A. 据估计，每年约有800万吨塑料泄漏到海洋中。B. Plastics production represents roughly 6 percent of global oil consumption. B. 塑料生产约占全球石油消耗的6%。C. Plastics production will be 311 million tonnes and account for 20% of total oil consumption by 2050. C. 到2

46、050年，塑料产量将达到3.11亿吨，占石油总消费量的20%。D. The ocean is expected to contain/tonne of plastic for every 3 tonnes of fish by 2025 in a business-as-usual scenario. D. 在一切照旧的情况下，到2025年，海洋中每3吨鱼将含有1吨塑料。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据第七段最后一句“到2050年，塑料行业将占石油消费总量的20%，占全球年度碳预算的15%”可知，C选项“到2050年，塑料产量将达到3.11亿吨，占石油总消费量的20%”中的“3.11亿吨

47、”并没有提到；而在第二段最后一句有提到“塑料产量在过去50年里激增，从1964年的1500万吨增至2014年的3.11亿吨，预计未来20年还将翻番”，可知，3.11亿吨是2014年的塑料产量，C项属于张冠李戴，不符合原文但符合题意。该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“据估计，每年约有800万吨塑料泄漏到海洋中”定位至第四段第一句“大约每年800万吨塑料泄漏到海洋中”，可知A项正确，属于反向干扰；B选项“塑料生产约占全球石油消耗的6%”定位至第六段第二句“塑料生产约占全球石油消费的6%”，可知B项正确，属于反向干扰；D选项“在一切照旧的情况下，到2025年，海洋中每3吨鱼将含有1吨塑料”定位

48、至第五段第一句“在一切照旧的情况下，到2025年，海洋中每3吨鱼将含有1吨塑料”，可知D项正确，属于反向干扰。第3题:3.【选项释义】3. Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the passage? 3. 根据文章，下列哪个选项是错误的？A. Only 14 percent of the plastic packaging is ultimately retained for subsequent use after sorting. A. 经过分类后，只有14%的塑料包装最终保留下来供后续使用。B. The global rec

49、ycling rates for paper are 58%. B. 全球纸张回收率为58%。C. 32% of plastic packaging gets away from collection systems, generating significant economic costs. C. 32%的塑料包装从回收系统中流失，产生了巨大的经济成本。D. 95% of plastic packaging material value is lost to the economy after a short first-use cycle. D. 在短暂的首次使用周期后，塑料包装材料的价

50、值在经济上损失了95%。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据第六段第二句“在分类后，只有5%最终被保留用于后续使用，这远远低于纸张（58%）和钢铁（70%- 90%）的全球回收率”，可知，经过分类后，只有5%的塑料包装最终保留下来供后续使用，而A项“经过分类后，只有14%的塑料包装最终保留下来供后续使用”与原文不符。故该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“全球纸张回收率为58%”根据解题思路可知，该项正确，属于反向干扰；C选项“32%的塑料包装从回收系统中流失，产生了巨大的经济成本”定位倒数第三段第二句“令人震惊的是，32%的塑料包装逃过了回收系统，减少了城市基础设施，产生了巨大的经济成本

51、”可知，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；D选项“在短暂的首次使用周期后，塑料包装材料的价值在经济上损失了95%”定位倒数第三段第一句“在短暂的首次使用周期后，95%的塑料包装材料价值，即每年800亿-1200亿美元，被浪费在经济上”可知，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰。第4题:4.【选项释义】4. How to get closer to the goal of circular economy according to the researchers? 4. 如何更接近循环经济的目标？A. To make a linear model of production and consumption of

52、 high-volume, low-value plastic packaging. A. 建立一个大容量、低价值的塑料包装的生产和消费的线性模型。B. To make the public and private sector work together to create plastics that can be both recycled and composted. B. 让公共和私营部门共同努力，生产既可回收又可堆肥的塑料。C. To make use replace consumption when required. C. 在需要时以使用代替消耗。D. To make consu

53、mption happen in sustainable bio-cycles. D. 使消费在可持续的生物循环中发生。【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据关键词circular economy定位至最后一段“为了更接近循环经济的目标，即消费只发生在有效的生物循环中（consumption happens only in effective bio-cycles），或其他使用代替消费的地方（elsewhere use replaces consumption）；公共和私营部门都必须努力实现制造既可回收又可堆肥的塑料的目标”，可知，要更接近循环经济的目标，就要要求公众和个人要齐心协力

54、共同生产出既能循环利用又能降解的塑料制品，B项“让公共和私营部门共同努力，生产既可回收又可堆肥的塑料”符合原文。该题选择B项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“建立一个大容量、低价值的塑料包装的生产和消费的线性模型”定位倒数第二段“线性生产和消费模式正日益受到它们所处环境的挑战，对于塑料包装等大批量、低价值材料来说尤其如此”，从中可知，建立一个大容量、低价值的塑料包装的生产和消费的线性模型日益受到挑战，所以不是一个更接近循环经济的目标的好办法，该项属于反向干扰；C选项“在需要时以使用代替消耗”根据解题思路可知，C选项中的“when required”并不符合原文的elsewhere，属于曲解原文；D选

55、项“使消费在可持续的生物循环中发生”根据解题思路可知，D选项中的“sustainable”并不符合原文的effective，属于曲解原文。3. 单选题Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher

56、figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.The ancient Romans probably invented

57、sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin audio, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called sub hasta, meaning “under the spear”, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eig

58、hteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold “by the candle”: a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit

59、 and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction-rooms at Christies and Sothebys in London and New York are world-famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full partic

60、ulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot”, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and co

61、ntinue in numerical order; he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a

62、 direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.1.Why is the end of the bidding called “knocking down”?2.The Romans used to sell by auction（ ） .3.A candle used to burn at auction sales（ ） .4.The auctioneer may decide to sell the “lots” out of the order because （ ）.问题1选项A.Because the a

63、uctioneer knocks the buyer down.B.Because the auctioneer knocks the rostrum down.C.Because the goods are knocked down on to the table.D.Because the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer.问题2选项A.spoilt goodsB.old worn-out weaponsC.property taken from the enemyD.spears问题3选项A.because they took place

64、at nightB.as a signal for the crowd to gatherC.to keep the auctioneer warmD.to limit the time when offers could be made问题4选项A.he sometimes wants to confuse the buyersB.he knows from experience that certain people will want to buy certain itemsC.he wants to keep certain people waitingD.he wants to reduce the number of buyers【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第