2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题85（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoes called “footwear for yuppies”.They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments, especially now that the company offers basketball and childrens shoes for the under-18 set and walk

2、ing shoes for older customers not interested in aerobics or running. The executives also point out that through recent acquisitions they have added hiking boots, dress and casual shoes, and high-performance athletic footwear to their product lines, all of which should attract new and varied groups o

3、f customers.Still, despite is emphasis on new markets, Reebok plans few changes in the upmarket retailing network that helped push sales to $1 billion annually, ahead of all other sports shoe marketers. Reebok shoes, which are priced from $27 to $85, will continue to be sold only in better specialty

4、, sporting goods, and department stores, in accordance with the companys view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution.In the past few years, the Massachusetts-based company has imposed limits on the number of it: distributors (and the number of shoes supplied

5、 to stores), partly out of necessity. At times the unexpected demand for Reeboks exceeded supply, and the company could barely keep up with orders from the dealers it already had. These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective about its distributors. At p

6、resent. Reebok shoes are available in about five thousand retail stores in the United States.Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the next fitness-related crave, replacing aerobics shoes the same way as brightly colored soft leather exercise footwear replaced conventional runnin

7、g shoes. Through product diversification and careful market research. Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago, when Nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was freed to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores.1. O

8、ne reason why Reeboks managerial personnel dont like their shoes to be called “footwear for yuppies” is that （ ）.2. Reeboks view that “consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution” (Line 4, Para. 2) implies that （ ）.3. Reebok once had to limit the number of its distrib

9、utors because （ ）.4. Although the Reebok Company has solved the problem of fulfilling its orders, it （ ）.5. What lesson has Reebok learned from Nikes distribution problems?问题1选项A.they believe that their shoes are popular with people of different age groupsB.new production lines have been added to pr

10、oduce inexpensive shoesC.“yuppies” usually evokes a negative imageD.the term makes people think of prohibitive prices问题2选项A.the quality of a brand is measured by the service quality of the store selling itB.the quality of a product determines the quality of its distributorsC.the popularity of a bran

11、d is determined by the stores that sell itD.consumers believe that first-rate products are only sold by high-quality stores问题3选项A.its supply of products fell short of demandB.too many distributors would cut into its profitsC.the reduction of distributors could increase its share of the marketD.it wa

12、nted to enhance consumer confidence in its products问题4选项A.does not want to further expand its retailing networkB.still limits the number of shoes supplied to storesC.is still particular about who sells its productsD.still carefully chooses the manufacturers of its products问题5选项A.A company should not

13、 sell is high quality shoes in discount stores.B.A company should not limit its distribution network.C.A company should do follow-up surveys of its products.D.A company should correctly evaluate the impact of a new crave on the market.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1. 细节事实题。题干中的“managerial personn

14、el”即为第一段的executives，因此可知本题答案在第一段：Reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoes called “footwear for yuppies”.（Reebok的高管们不喜欢听到他们的时尚运动鞋被称为“雅皮士鞋”），再由下文的They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments, especially now that the company offers basketball and childrens

15、shoes for the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers not interested in aerobics or running.（他们认为Reebok鞋吸引了不同的细分市场，尤其是现在该公司为18岁以下儿童提供篮球鞋和童鞋，为对有氧运动或跑步不感兴趣的老年客户提供步行鞋），更可知其目标消费是多高层次的，所以A项“他们相信他们的鞋子很受不同年龄段的人的欢迎”正确。B项“增加了新的生产线来生产廉价的鞋子”，C项“雅皮士”通常会引起负面印象，D项“这个词使人们想到了令人望而却步的价格”，均属于无中生有。2.判断推理题。题干

16、引号中是说消费者通过品牌分销的质量来判断品牌的质量，定位到第二段Reebok shoes, which are priced from $27 to $85, will continue to be sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and department stores, in accordance with the companys view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution.（锐步鞋的售价从27美元

17、到85美元不等，按照该公司的观点，消费者通过分销的质量来判断品牌的质量，锐步鞋将继续只在更好的专卖店、体育用品店和百货公司销售），由此可以推断只有D项“消费者认为，一流的产品只有高质量的商店才能销售”符合主旨大意。A项“一个品牌的质量是由销售它的商店的服务质量来衡量的”，文中未提及服务质量，B项“产品的质量决定了分销商的质量”，也是属于无中生有选项，C项“一个品牌的知名度是由销售它的商店决定的”，文中未提及知名度。3. 细节事实题。根据题干中“limit the number of distributions ”定位到第三段 limits on the number of it: distri

18、butors (and the number of shoes supplied to stores), partly out of necessity. At times the unexpected demand for Reeboks exceeded supply，（对它的数量进行了限制：分销商（以及向商店供应鞋子的数量），部分是出于必要。有时，锐步的意外需求超过了供应），可知对批发商数量的限制主要是因为需求量出乎意料地超过了供应能力。所以A项“它的产品供不应求”完全符合题意。B项“太多的分销商会削减它的利润”，C项“减少分销商可以增加其市场份额”，D项“它希望增强消费者对其产品的信心

19、”，在文中均未提及。4. 细节事实题。定位到第三段倒数第二句These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective about its distributors（这些履约问题现在似乎已经得到控制，但该公司仍在选择分销商）。C选项“对谁销售其产品仍很挑剔”与文中第三段倒数第二句相呼应，答案即为该句的复述。A项“不想进一步扩大其零售网络”和B项“仍然限制了向商店供应鞋子的数量”，在文中均未体现，D项“仍然谨慎地选择其产品的制造商”，应该是谨慎选择经销商，故错误。5. 判断

20、推理题。依据题干定位到最后一段 Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago，when Nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoes craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores. （Reebok希望避免几年前Nike遇到的分销问题，当时Nike错误地判断了健身鞋热潮的强度，被迫通过折扣店卸载

21、大量的运动鞋库存），由此可知Nike公司正是由于当时错误地判断了健身鞋的流行强度而导致了running shoes的积压而不得不打折销售，这是因市场预测不准确所导致的，所以D项“公司应该正确地评估新的需求对市场的影响”符合题意。A项“一家公司不应该在折扣店卖高质量的鞋子”，B项“公司不应限制其分销网络”，C项“公司应该对其产品进行跟踪调查”，都是对文意的曲解。2. 单选题I always left home for school earlier in the morning _ traffic jam.问题1选项A.in line withB.for the sake ofC.in case

22、ofD.at the risk of【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项in line with“与一致”；B选项for the sake of“为了”；C选项in case of“以防万一”；D选项at the risk of“冒着的危险”。句意：我总是在早上较早离开家去上学_交通堵塞。根据语境，这里指早点出门是为了不想堵车，C选项in case of“以防万一”符合题意。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day i

23、n the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next

24、 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congest

25、ion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically.Once attached to the rail, the car wil

26、l become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the cars movements.The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route,

27、and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,50

28、0 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.1. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be _.2. What is the authors main concern?3. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?4. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs t

29、o do is _.5. What is the authors attitude toward the future of autos?问题1选项A.its power sourceC. its monitoring systemB.C. its monitoring systemB.C.its monitoring systemB. its driving systemD.its seating capacity问题2选项A.How to render automobiles pollution-free.B.How to make smaller and safer automobile

30、s.C.How to solve the problem of traffic jams.D.How to develop an automated subway system.问题3选项A.rail.B.An engine.C.A retractable arm.D.A computer controller.问题4选项A.keep in the right laneB.wait to arrive at his destinationC.keep in constant touch with the computer centerD.inform the system of his des

31、tination by phone问题5选项A.Enthusiastic.B.Pessimistic.C.Optimistic.D.Cautious.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine.（它应该变得更小、更安全、更经济，而且不应该由汽油发动机驱动。），可知A选项“能量来源”正确。B选项“驱动系统”，C选项“监控系统”和D选项“载客

32、人数”文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。2.作者意图题。根据第三段第一句the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion.（未来的汽车的主要问题仍在城市交通拥挤），可知作者最关心交通拥挤的问题，结合下文对如何解决这个问题展开设想，所以C选项“如何解决交通堵塞的问题”正确，A选项“如何使汽车无污染”和B选项“如何制造更小更安全的汽车”：这是未来汽车发展方向的其中一部分，不是作者最关心的，故错误。D选项“如何开发自动化地铁系统”：文章没有提到开发地铁系统，故错误。因此C选项正确。3

33、.语义推测题。根据第五段第一句Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer.（一旦连接到轨道上，汽车将由该系统提供电力，汽车的控制将通过中央计算机进行。），汽车接到铁轨上以后就有了电力，所以A选项“铁轨”正确，计算机控制器控制汽车，故D选项“计算机控制器”错误。B选项“可伸缩的机械臂”：根据第四段第一句a retractable arm will drop

34、 from the auto and make contact with a rail（一个可伸缩的机械臂从自动化系统向下和铁轨连接），可知机械臂不提供电力，故错误。C选项“引擎”：引擎不提供能量，故错误。因此A选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer that will warn him of his coming exit.（然后司机就可以自由地放松，等待蜂鸣器提醒他到下一个出口。），可知司机需要听从系统的提示，按照提示操作，所以D选项“用电话通知系统他的目的地”正确

35、，B选项“等待到达他的目的地”错误。A选项“保持在右车道行驶”和C选项“与计算机中心保持联系”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。5.观点态度题。根据第一段第一句Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse.（一些悲观的专家认为汽车注定会被淘汰。），结合作者下文提出未来汽车的发展方向，可知作者不赞同悲观的观点，根据第六段最后一句It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehic

36、les per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.（据估计，自动化公路每小时将能够处理1万辆汽车，而现在的公路只能运送1500到2000辆汽车。），在文章最后作者大胆预料未来汽车的情况，可知作者看好未来汽车的发展，所以C选项“乐观”正确，B选项“悲观”和D选项“谨慎”错误。A选项“热情”不明显。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题He thought that he might be able to avoid paying some of his t

37、axes by taking advantages of the _ in the law.问题1选项A.circleB.misunderstandingC.exceptionD.loop holes【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项circle“周期”；B选项misunderstanding“误解”；C选项exception“例外；异议”；D选项loop holes“漏洞”。句意：他认为他也许可以利用法律上的_来逃避缴纳一些税款。根据语境，这里是指钻法律的空子避税，D选项loop holes“漏洞”符合题意。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题Allow children the space t

38、o voice their opinions_they are different from your own.问题1选项A.untilB.even ifC.unlessD.as though【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析。A项“直到”；B项“尽管”；C项“除非”；D项“似乎”；句意：允许孩子有发言的空间，尽管他们的意见和你自己的有所不同。因此选B。6. 单选题Researchers produced evidence to support what most of us already knewthat a cup of tea is the answer to any crisis.Dr.

39、 Malcolm Cross, a psychologist at City University London, tested the anxiety levels of a group of people following a （1） situation and revealed that even a single cup of tea has a （2） calming effect. His team gave 42 volunteers a mental arithmetic exam and （3） offered half of them a cup of tea and t

40、he other half a glass of water. The water groups anxiety levels soared （4） 25 percent compared with before the task, （5） the tea group actually reported a four percent reduction in anxietydespite the difficult test, they were relaxed than when they stared.According to a survey carried out for the re

41、search, 68 percent of Britons （6） tea in a dilemma, making it the nations most common response to trouble of （7） kind. About 60percent said the promise of comfort and warmth was the main reason for putting the kettle on. “The （8） of making and drinking teaparticularly during times of stressis at the

42、 very （9） of British culture,” Cross said.This study shows that the social psychological （10） of tea enhance the effects of its chemical make-up on our bodies and brains.问题1选项A.light-heartedB.seriousC.comfortableD.stressful问题2选项A.significantB.rigorousC.severeD.selective问题3选项A.previouslyB.afterwardsC

43、.besidesD.lately问题4选项A.onB.inC.byD.at问题5选项A.whileB.howeverC.meanwhileD.nevertheless问题6选项A.give upB.owe toC.look onD.turn to问题7选项A.whicheverB.whateverC.howeverD.whoever问题8选项A.ceremonyB.functionC.ritualD.observance问题9选项A.beginningB.momentC.endD.core问题10选项A.aspectsB.facesC.sitesD.ways【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:

44、B第4题:C第5题:A第6题:D第7题:B第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A【解析】1.考查形容词辨析。A选项light-hearted“轻松的”；B选项serious“严肃的”；C选项comfortable“惬意的”；D选项stressful“紧张的，有压力的”。句意：伦敦城市大学的心理学家马尔科姆克罗斯博士测试了一组人在_情况下的焦虑水平，发现即使是一杯茶也有镇静作用。根据语境，需要镇静的情况只有当人处于紧张的状态，所以stressful“紧张的，有压力的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。2.考查形容词辨析。A选项significant“有效的”；B选项rigorous“严密的”；C选项sever

45、e“严峻的；剧烈的”；D选项selective“有选择性的”。句意：发现即使是一杯茶也有_的镇静作用。根据语境，significant“有效的”形容effect“作用”比较合理，符合题意。因此A选项正确。3.考查词义辨析。A选项previously“预先”；B选项afterwards“然后”；C选项besides“以及”；D选项lately“近来”。句意：他的团队给42名志愿者进行了心算测试，_给其中一半人一杯茶，另一半人一杯水。根据语境和横线前面的and得知是先做测试再给水或茶，所以afterwards“然后”符合题意。因此B选项正确。4.考查固定搭配。A选项soar on非固定搭配；B选项

46、soar in非固定搭配；C选项soar by“激增了”；D选项“激增到”。句意：与任务前相比，喝水对比组的焦虑水平飙升_25%。根据下文the tea group actually reported a four percent reduction in anxiety（喝茶对比组的焦虑感实际上减少了4%），可知这里在对喝水对比组和喝茶对比组的结果进行说明，可推测结果在内容方面一致，所以soar by“激增了”符合题意。因此C选项正确。5.考查语法。句意：_喝茶对比组的焦虑感实际上减少了4%。4个选项意思都为然而。A选项while引导从句；B选项however，C选项meanwhile和D选

47、项nevertheless后面紧跟逗号，横线后面为完整的从句，所以A选项while符合题意。因此A选项正确。6.考查词组辨析。A选项give up“放弃”；B选项owe to“由于”；C选项look on“看待”；D选项turn to“求助于”。句意：这项调查显示，68%的英国人在遇到两难困境时会_喝茶，这使得喝茶成为英国人面对麻烦时最普遍的应对方式。根据语境，这里指人们选择通过喝茶帮助自己脱离那个焦虑的困境，所以turn to“求助于”符合题意。因此D选项正确。7.考查代词辨析。A选项whichever“无论哪个”；B选项whatever“无论什么”；C选项however“无论如何”；D选项

48、whoever“无论是谁”。句意：这项调查显示，68%的英国人在遇到两难困境时会求助于喝茶，这使得喝茶成为英国人面对_种类的麻烦时最普遍的应对方式。根据语境，这里指无论遇到什么麻烦，人们选择喝茶，所以whatever“无论什么”比较符合题意。因此B选项正确。8.考查形容词辨析。A选项ceremony“（公共或宗教的）典礼；（正式或传统的）礼节”；B选项function“盛大的集会”；C选项ritual“习惯；（尤指）宗教仪式”；D选项observance“宗教（或传统节日）的仪式”。句意：泡茶和喝茶的_尤其是在压力大的时候。根据语境，在压力大的时候喝茶是一种习惯，所以ritual“习惯”符合题

49、意。因此C选项正确。9.考查形容词辨析。A选项beginning“开始”；B选项moment“时刻”；C选项end“结束”；D选项core“核心”。句意：泡茶和喝茶的习惯尤其是在压力大的时候是英国文化的_。根据语境，这里指喝茶是英国文化中不容忽视的一部分，所以core“核心”符合题意。因此D选项正确。10.考查形容词辨析。A选项aspects“方面”；B选项faces“表面；面部”；C选项sites“地点”；D选项ways“方法”。句意：这项研究表明，茶在社会心理_增强了其化学成分对我们身体和大脑的影响。根据语境，这里是指从社会心理的角度来说，茶对我们的影响更大了，所以aspects“方面”符

50、合题意。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题Birds that are literally half-asleepwith one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleepcontrol which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take tur

51、ns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eyeControlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemispheres eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict

52、extra alertness in the more vulnerable, end-of-the-row sleepers. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.Also, birds dozing at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep

53、, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four duck row, the researchers found outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.“We believe this is the first evidence

54、for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain,” the researchers say.The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening

55、an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. Hes seen it in a pair of birds dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.Useful as half-sleeping might be, i

56、ts only been found in birds and such water mammals asDolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if bird

57、s half-brain sleep “is just the tip of the iceberg”. He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.1. A new study on birds sleep has revealed that _.2. According to the passage, birds often half sleep because _.3. The example of a bird sleeping in front of

58、a mirror indicates that _.4. While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half-awake in order to _.5. By “just the tip of the iceberg” (Line 2, Para. 8), Siegel suggests that _.问题1选项A.half-brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birds,B.half-brain sleep is characterized by slow brain wavesC.bir

59、ds can control their half-brain sleep consciouslyD.birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest问题2选项A.they have to watch out for possible attacksB.their brain hemispheres take turns to restC.the two halves of their brain are differently structuredD.they have to constantly keep an eye on

60、their companions问题3选项A.the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespreadB.birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of securityC.even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of securityD.a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror问题4选项A.alert themselves to the approac

61、hing enemyB.emerge from water now and then to breatheC.be sensitive to the ever-changing environmentD.avoid being swept away by rapid currents问题5选项A.half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weatherB.the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solvedC.most birds living in cold regions tend

62、 to be half sleepersD.half-brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第一段第一句Birds that are literally half-asleepwith one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleepcontrol which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.（根据一项对睡着的鸭子的最新研究，鸟类处于半睡眠状态，其中一个脑半球保持警戒，另一个脑半球用来睡觉或者控制这一侧大脑保持清醒。），可知鸟类可以控制自己的睡眠，所以C选项“鸟类可以有意识地控制他们的半脑睡眠”正确。A选项“发现半脑睡眠出现在很多鸟类身上”，B选项“半脑睡眠的特点是脑电波缓慢”和D选项“鸟类很少在休息的时候用整个大脑睡觉”：根据第二段第一句Earl