中考英语专题复习 专题十七 完形填空 第6讲 完形填空.doc

专题十七 完形填空 第6讲海淀一模 教学目标 1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出现的高频词及长难句。 2. 掌握完形填空的解题技巧，并能够指出本篇完形填空中运用到的解题技巧。 3. 通过完形填空高频词、长难句等语料的积累，及完形填空解题技巧的练习，灵活应对各种完形填空题。 名师点拨 知识篇 “巧妇难为无米之炊”，在英语学习的过程中，语料的积累至关重要。对于完形填空高频词和长难句的梳理，能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。 亲爱的同学，老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句，快来看看你掌握了吗？ 一、高频词 【课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。具体使用中可以删去词义词性部分，给小例句提示。并标记出学生的实际掌握情况（优—良—差）】 单词 词性及词义 示例 备注 掌握情况 beat v. 1)打败 2)敲打 3)心跳 She is alive—her heart is beating. chance n. 机会 agree v. 1)同意 2)约定 相关词：agreement; agreeable shot n.1)射击 2)击球 3)镜头 相关词：shoot lie v.1)躺 2)位于 3)说谎 The town lies on the coast. Justin just lay in bed every day… 相关词：lie-lay-lain lie-lied-lied lying disappear v.消失 相关词：appear hopelessness n.绝望 “-ness”为名词后缀，表示“…的性质”，如sadness; happiness; illness 相关词：hope; hopeless exciting adj.令人激动的 相关词：excite; excited; excitement moved adj.感动的 相关词：move; moving embarrassed adj.尴尬的 相关词：embarrass; embarrassing; embarrassment pleased adj.高兴的 相关词：please; pleasing; pleasure interested adj.感兴趣的 相关词：interest; interesting attract v. 吸引 相关词：attraction progress n. 进步；进展 break v. 1)摔坏 2)弄坏 3)暂停 4)违犯 n. 休息；休假 Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg. …while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together. upset v. 使…烦恼 adj.难过的 realize v.意识到 pass v.1)路过2)递 3)及格4)时间流逝 Justin passed through all his classes. score v./n.得分 Justin scored a 24 on the ACT. apply v.申请；应用 Every university that he applied to accepted him. accept v.接受；录取 receive v.收到 stand v.1)站立 2)位于 3)忍受 I can’t stand his brother. honest adj.诚实的 相关词：honesty; dishonest bright adj. 1) 明亮的 2) 艳丽的(颜色) 3)聪明的 4)有希望的;光明的 The brightest pupil in the class has a bright future. choice n. 选择 相关词：choose record v.1)记录 2)录音 n.1)记录 2)纪录 3)唱片 event n.1)事件 2)比赛项目 put on 1)增加(体重)2)上演 Justin put on too much weight. lose oneself in 沉迷于；沉浸于 He lost himself in great hopelessness. 二、长难句 【课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。可以根据提示分析句子结构完成句子翻译。】 1. The first six weeks, Justin just lay in bed watching TV every day and ate potato chips until the bag was empty. 结构分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句大的结构是“and”连接的并列句，前半句含有“watching”做伴随状语的结构；后半句含有“until”引导的状语从句，意为“直到…” 句子翻译：_________________________________________________________________________________ 前六周，Justin每天只是躺在床上看电视，吃薯条，直到袋子是空的。 仿句练习：跟着导游，我们开始爬山。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Following the guide, we started to climb the mountain. 2. Justin was attracted by the stories that Kiki told. 结构分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句含有that引导的定语从句，修饰名词stories。 句子翻译：_________________________________________________________________________________ Justin被Kiki所讲的故事吸引了。 仿句练习：许多年轻人似乎容易被时尚服装那多彩的面料，各种不同的款式所吸引。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Many young people seem to be attracted by the fashion clothes which have colorful material and various styles. 3. After spending those weeks with his sister, Justin realized that he didn’t want to feel bad for himself anymore, and he didn’t want to give up. 结构分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句大的结构是“and”连接的并列句，前半句话中含有that引导的宾语从句，从句中含有“not…anymore”结构，意为“不再…”。 句子翻译：_________________________________________________________________________________ 在和姐姐呆了几个星期后，Justin意识到他不想再为自己感到难过了，而且他不想放弃。 仿句练习：经过几周的练习，现在我不再感到害羞，并且喜欢在众人面前唱歌了。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ After several weeks’ practice, now I don’t feel shy anymore and I loves singing in front of many people. 方法篇 “方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累，没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于完形填空解题方法的梳理，能够帮助我们更好地理解完形填空的命题逻辑，在有足够语料积累的基础上，能够帮助我们争取高分。 亲爱的同学，老师已经为你精心整理了完形填空的解题技巧，快来看看你掌握了多少？ 一、完形填空解题步骤 第一步 通读全文，把握脉络 跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意文中的语篇关键词，和句中的连词，如but出现后就说明句子强调的重点是but后面的内容；再如代词it指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思及其想要传达的寓意。 第二步 瞻前顾后，上下求索 联系上下文，运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，抓住文章中的上下文线索词。【具体的解题策略会在下一部分详细描述】 第三步 再读文章，核查答案 代入答案，再读全文，反复检查，争取做到： 结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。 二、完形填空解题策略 方法 方法一：词汇复现法 解释 “词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如protect和protection)、同义词/近义词(如road和trail)、反义词(如wrong和 correct)、上下义词(上下义是指词的总结和分解关系，上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如adult是my father的上义词；coat是clothes的下义词)等重复出现在语篇之中。 例题 例1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his ___________, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness 【分析：通过上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因为他的“善良友好”他很受欢迎。故选D。】 例2：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _________. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working 【分析：通过上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越来越“健忘”。故选A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“难忘的”。）】 方法 方法二：上下文推理法 解释 “上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。 例题 例：When we talked, I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little __17__ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class. 17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later 【分析：通过上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美国每节课是50分钟，中国每节课是40分钟，根据上下文可以推断出美国的课时比中国的长，故选B。】 方法 方法三：逻辑推理法 解释 “逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词（如and表并列，but和however表转折，so表因果，first of all、then和finally表顺序等）。 例题 例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he can’t sing 6 . 6. A. badly B. easily C. well D. excitedly 【分析：通过上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和连词“but”，可以推断出前后存在转折关系，此处想要表达的含义是“喜欢但唱得不好”，故选C。】 方法 方法四：文化背景常识法 解释 “文化背景常识法”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。 例题 例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鲸鱼) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger 2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest 【分析：第1题，众所周知：大象是陆地上最大的动物，故选A. biggest。 第2题，众所周知：鲸鱼生活在大海里，故选C. sea。】 方法 方法五：固定搭配法 解释 完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。 例题 例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking … 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to 【分析：考查固定短语“pay attention to注意”，故选D。】 例2：…but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took 【分析：考查固定短语“take photos拍照”，故选D。】 语篇精讲 障碍阅读 【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原则，指导学生在障碍阅读的前提下领悟文章的主要意思，防止学生理解跑偏】 （海淀一模）Justin was really good at basketball and he thought it was the only way out of his school He could run with the __31__ fast and beat any of the older boys at the court and the younger boys didn’t have a chance. One day, some boys from another school ran up and asked to __32__ with Justin. The big one in the middle said that he had heard Justin was the best and he wanted to see if it was true. Justin agreed. During the game, Justin was running all over the big boys and making his shots. Suddenly, a big boy __33__ Justin. Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg. The doctor said Justin might never play again. Justin was so __34__. The first six weeks, Justin just lay in bed watching TV every day and ate potato chips until the bag was empty. Justin put on too much weight. His once __35__ future disappeared. When he lost himself in great hopelessness, Justin’s sister, Kiki came home from the university. She was like sunshine, __36__ exciting stories of college. Justin was attracted by the stories that Kiki told. “Justin!” She interrupted his daydream. “ Let me see your progress report.” Justin was __37__. His grades had really fallen since he broke his leg. “Oh no, this won’t do, Justin,” she said. “We’re going to improve the grades.” So, while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together. Justin __38__ better and he wasn’t so upset. After spending those weeks with his sister, Justin realized that he didn’t want to feel bad for himself anymore, and he didn’t want to give up. Basketball used to be his thing, and he was good at it, but now there was only __39__, so he had to get good at that. Justin passed through all his classes. With the study skills he had learned from his sister, Justin scored a 24 on the ACT. Every university that he applied to (申请) accepted him. When the autumn came, Justin had his __40__ in colleges. He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice. 文章大意为（只给出关键词即可）________________________________________________________________ 参考关键词：Justin; basketball; never play again; hopelessness; sister; college; didn’t want to give up; passed 参考答案：Justin used to be good at playing basketball, but because he broke his leg in one game he couldn’t play anymore and he lost himself in hopelessness. But after his sister’s encouragement and pany he started to work hard on his schoolwork. At last he was accepted by every university that he applied to 【注：程度比较好的学生可以进行无选项填空训练】 语篇练习 话题 体裁 词数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 难度 人物故事类 记叙文 373 12-15分钟 __/10 （海淀一模）Justin was really good at basketball and he thought it was the only way out of his school. He could run with the __31__ fast and beat any of the older boys at the court and the younger boys didn’t have a chance. One day, some boys from another school ran up and asked to __32__ with Justin. The big one in the middle said that he had heard Justin was the best and he wanted to see if it was true. Justin agreed. During the game, Justin was running all over the big boys and making his shots. Suddenly, a big boy __33__ Justin. Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg. The doctor said Justin might never play again. Justin was so __34__. The first six weeks, Justin just lay in bed watching TV every day and ate potato chips until the bag was empty. Justin put on too much weight. His once __35__ future disappeared. When he lost himself in great hopelessness, Justin’s sister, Kiki came home from the university. She was like sunshine, __36__ exciting stories of college. Justin was attracted by the stories that Kiki told. “Justin!” She interrupted his daydream. “ Let me see your progress report.” Justin was __37__. His grades had really fallen since he broke his leg. “Oh no, this won’t do, Justin,” she said. “We’re going to improve the grades.” So, while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together. Justin __38__ better and he wasn’t so upset. After spending those weeks with his sister, Justin realized that he didn’t want to feel bad for himself anymore, and he didn’t want to give up. Basketball used to be his thing, and he was good at it, but now there was only __39__, so he had to get good at that. Justin passed through all his classes. With the study skills he had learned from his sister, Justin scored a 24 on the ACT. Every university that he applied to (申请) accepted him. When the autumn came, Justin had his __40__ in colleges. He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice. 31. A. toy B. ball C. key D. flag 32. A. play B. stand C. eat D. ride 33. A. saw B. met C. pushed D. followed 34. A. brave B. honest C. safe D. sad 35. A. busy B. quiet C. bright D. funny 36. A. changing B. receiving C. forgetting D. bringing 37. A. moved B. embarrassed C. interested D. pleased 38. A. repeated B. taught C. felt D. sounded 39. A. schoolwork B. sport C. home D. travel 40. A. fact B. choice C. record D. event 语篇精讲： 参考答案：31—35 BACDC 36—40 DBCAB 文章大意：本文讲述了一个叫做Justin的男孩的故事。Justin擅长打篮球，但是在一次比赛中受伤不能再打篮球，他一度陷入绝望之中；后来在他姐姐的帮助和鼓励之下，他开始努力学习并考上好大学。通过Justin的故事，作者告诉我们遇到困难不要轻易放弃。 答案解析：31. 通过上文“Justin was really good at basketball”可知Justin擅长打篮球，因此可推断出他可以快速运球。故选B。 32. 通过下文“During the game, Justin was running all over the big boys”可知Justin在和“the big boys”比赛，因此可推断出他们要和他一起打篮球，故选A。 33. 通过下文“Justin went flying, fell on the ground”可知Justin摔倒了，再结合生活常识可推断出在比赛过程中应该是有人“推”了他一下，他才会摔倒。故选C。 34. 通过上文“The doctor said Justin might never play again.”可知他不能再打篮球了，再结合生活常识可知对于一个喜欢打球的孩子来说不能再打球了，他肯定会觉得伤心。故选D。 35. 结合语境可知，Justin擅长打篮球并认为这是他唯一的出路，当他不能再打球以后，可以推断出对他来说“他曾经光明的未来不见了”，故选C。 36. 通过下文可知Kiki给Justin讲故事，因此可推断出故事是从大学里带回来的，故选D。 37. 通过下文“His grades had really fallen”可知他成绩下降了，因此可推断出当姐姐要看他成绩单时，他应该是感到尴尬的，故选B。 38. 通过下文“he wasn’t so upset”可知他不再那么沮丧，因此可以推断出他是感觉好多了，故选C。 39. 通过下文“Justin passed through all his classes”，可知他现在只有学业了，故选A。 40. 通过下文“He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice.”可知Justin有自己的选择。故选B。 精讲笔记【学生在教师的指导下，回顾本讲中积累的完形填空的知识和方法】 语篇中积累的词汇【至少掌握10个】 单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句） realize … 语篇中的学到的方法【根据具体教学情况归纳总结】【至少掌握2个】 方法一：词汇复现法 如：本篇文章中的40. (choice )… 方法二：上下文推理法 方法三：逻辑推理法 方法四：文化背景常识法 方法五：固定搭配法 能力提升 基础过关 一、词汇/短语翻译 单词 词性、词义 备注 1 beat v. 1)_____ 2) _____ 3) _____ 提示：She is alive—her heart is beating. 2 __________ n. 机会 3 __________ v. 1)同意 2)约定 4 __________ n.1)射击 2)击球 3)镜头 5 lie v.1)躺 2) _____ 3)说谎 相关词：lie-_____-_____ lie_____-_____ 6 __________ v.消失 反义词：_____ 7 hopelessness __________ “-ness”为_____后缀，表示“…的性质” 8 __________ adj.令人激动的 9 __________ adj.感动的 10 __________ adj.尴尬的 11 __________ adj.高兴的 12 __________ adj.感兴趣的 13 break v. 1) _____ 2)弄坏 3)暂停 4) _____ n. _____ 提示：Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg. We can’t break the law. …while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together. 14 __________ v. 使…烦恼 adj.难过的 15 __________ v.意识到 16 pass v.1)路过2)递 3) _____4) _____ 提示：Justin passed through all his classes. With time passing by, we have grown up. 17 __________ v./n.得分 18 __________ v.申请；应用 19 __________ v.接受；录取 20 __________ v.收到 21 stand v.1) _____ 2)位于 3) _____ 提示：I can’t stand his brother. 22 __________ adj.诚实的 反义词：dishonest 23 bright adj. 1) 明亮的 2) 艳丽的(颜色) 3) _____ 4) _____ 提示：The brightest pupil in the class has a bright future. 24 __________ n. 选择 25 __________ v.1)记录 2)录音 26 __________ n. 进步；进展 27 __________ v. 推 28 __________ v. 吸引 29 put on 1) _____ 2) _____ 提示：Justin put on too much weight. 30 lose oneself in _____ 二、句子翻译 1.前六周，Justin每天只是躺在床上看电视，吃薯条，直到袋子是空的。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 他曾经光明的未来不见了。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 他沉浸在深深的绝望之中。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 她就像阳光一样，带来大学的一些令人兴奋的故事。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Justin被Kiki所讲的故事吸引了。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.在和姐姐呆了几个星期后，Justin意识到他不想再为自己感到难过了，而且他不想放弃。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 他申请的每所大学都录取了他。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 完形练习 （海淀一模）The Lake The day when Robert was born was the happiest day of my life. Unfortunately my wife decided she no longer wanted to be married to me. My little boy and I had to 31, only getting to see each other every other weekend. One day, I decided to go fishing with my son, who was about 5 years old, at a nearby lake. We arrived at the lake early. Getting out of the car, we brought out all of the fishing equipment and our life jackets and the cooler that had our tasty lunch in it. I could just 32 the day in my mind in hopes that it would never end. We both went out onto the dock（船坞）and I thought, “Do I put his life jacket on first or load the boat first?” I saw him skipping rocks on the water, so I decided to load the boat first. I was just finishing up when I heard the splash. I turned and looked quickly expecting to see Robert 33 standing there, but I did not see him anywhere. I jumped into the water to save my son immediately. I searched and searched but found him nowhere. I came up for a breath hoping to see him above water, now wondering how I could find him in the murky（浑浊的）water. I finally decided to go all the way to the bottom and 34 around, not ing up until I found him. Finally, there on the bottom he was, his arms wrapped around the wooden pole that holds up the dock. I brought him to the 35 and put him on the bank. While both of us were coughing and spitting out water, I just hugged him and was 36 that I had found him in time. When things finally calmed down, I asked one simple question, “Robert, why were you 37 onto that pole on the bottom of the lake?” He looked at me with the most innocent and loving eyes and simply replied, “I was waiting for you, Daddy. I knew you would e to 38 me.” I thought that I could not be any 39 or any madder at the same time and I just told him, “I sure do love you, sweetheart.” He replied, “I love you too, Dad.” There is no amount of money or cars or jobs or any material thing that could replace being loved and 40 someone so much. I am lucky to have the ability to love on such a high level, and the ability to forgive on the same level. 31. A. back B. part C. argue D. move 32. A. picture B. enjoy C. show D. spend 33. A. carefully B. happily C. safely D. quietly 34. A. walk B. look C. hear D. feel 35. A. surface B. centre C. front D. corner 36. A. thoughtful B. regretful C. hopeful D. thankful 37. A. jumping B. holding C. stepping D. pointing 38. A. call B. awake C. save D. remind 39. A. funnier B. prouder C. sadder D. cooler 40. A. missing B. touching C. loving D. changing 参考答案 基础过关 一、词汇/短语翻译 单词 词性、词义 备注 1 beat v. 1)打败 2)敲打 3)心跳 提示：She is alive—her heart is beating. 2 chance n. 机会 3 agree v. 1)同意 2)约定 4 shot n.1)射击 2)击球 3)镜头 5 lie v.1)躺 2)位于 3)说谎 相关词：lie-lay-lain lie-lied-lied lying 6 disappear v.消失 反义词：appear 7 hopelessness n.绝望 “-ness”为名词后缀，表示“…的性质” 8 exciting adj.令人激动的 9 moved adj.感动的 10 embarrassed adj.尴尬的 11 pleased adj.高兴的 12 interested adj.感兴趣的 13 break v. 1)摔坏 2)弄坏 3)暂停 4)违犯 n. 休息；休假 提示：Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg. We can’t break the law. …while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together. 14 upset v. 使…烦恼 adj.难过的 15 realize v.意识到 16 pass v.1)路过2)递 3)及格4)时间流逝 提示：Justin passed through all his classes. With time passing by, we have grown up. 17 score v./n.得分 18 apply v.申请；应用 19 accept v.接受；录取 20 receive v.收到 21 stand v.1)站立 2)位于 3)忍受 提示：I can’t stand his brother. 22 honest adj.诚实的 反义词：disho