2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习专题09名词性从句精品教学案(含解析).doc
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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习专题09名词性从句精品教学案(含解析)【xx考纲解读】名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。考查的要点主要是连接代词和副词的正确使用,主语、谓语的语序,双重连接词以及特殊句型的使用等。其考点主要包括: 1考查名词性从句的连接词。如:有词义的连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which; 连接副词when, where, why, how; 从属连词that, whether, if, as if; 无词义的that在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略。 2考查名词性从句的语序和时态。3考查it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况。如:(1)Itbe形容词(necessary, important, obvious等)that从句 (2)Itbe过去分词that从句 (3)Itbe名词(a surprise, a fact, a shame, an honour等)that从句 (4)It不及物动词(appear, happen等)that从句 4名词性从句中的虚拟语气。如: (1)It is (was) essential (important, natural) that; (2)It is (was) suggested (demanded, wished, desired)that等。5what引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。如:whatthe thing that/anything that; whatthe place that; whatthe time that; whatthe person that等。 6whoever,whatever,whichever引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。xx年将重点考查连接词that,what的用法; 特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句; whever引导的名词性从句。 【重点知识梳理】一、几种易混的从句的辨别定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句有时候在形式上很相似,下面提供一些区分的方法:1定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系;而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容的。that在定语从句中充当句子成分,可指物或人;而同位语从句中的that在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。请比较:(1)The news (that/which) he told us was exciting.(定语从句,that/which在从句中作宾语,还可以被省略)(2)The news that our team has won is exciting.(同位语从句,that从句是说明news的内容的,that在从句中不作任何成分,但不能被省略)辨析判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法,即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词,如果句子意思成立,则是同位语从句,否则,则是定语从句。如上面第二句,加上be动词后:The news is that our team has won.句子意思成立,所以是同位语从句。而第一句,加上be动词后:The news is that he told us.意思不成立,因此不是同位语从句。【特别提醒】一般情况下,同位语从句紧跟在它所说明的名词的后面,可是有的时候,为了表达的需要,名词与从句之间被另外一些内容分隔开了,叫做“分隔同位语从句”。对于这类同位语从句,一定要根据句意,找准它所说明的名词。2定语从句与状语从句请看两组句子:第一组:区分such.as.和such.that.(1)The new storybook is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.(2)The new storybook is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.这两句话只有一词之差,但语法结构大相径庭:第一句是as引导的定语从句,as相当于that/which(但不能用that/which),在从句中作understand的宾语。第二句是结果状语从句,that在从句中不作成分。结论:当从句缺少句子成分时,用such.as.;当从句不缺少句子成分时,用such.that.。第二组:选用in which, where填空(1)He left the key _ he had been an hour before.(2)He left the place _ he lived for many years.分析:第一句只能填where, where引导的是地点状语从句,修饰主句中的谓语动词。此处where不可换成in which,因为in which只能引导定语从句,本句中根本就没有先行词(后面的从句不是修饰key的)。第二句填where或in which。根据句意可知,后面的句子是对名词place的修饰,因此此句是定语从句。二、that与what的区别that引导名词性从句,在从句中不作任何成分,that本身无意义,只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等,what表示“的东西或事情”。请比较:What I need is more time.(what引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语)That I need more time to do the work is very clear.(that引导主语从句,在从句中不作任何成分)The village is no longer what it used to be.(what引导表语从句,在从句中作表语)I had no idea what we should do next.(what引导同位语从句,在从句中作宾语)He will tell us what he saw in London.(what引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语)精析名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是:分析句子结构,看从句是否缺少句子成分。如果不缺成分,就用that,如果缺少句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等),且表示“的东西或事情”就用what。例1.His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express.A. thatB. howC. who D. what三、who, whoever与no matter who的区别引导名词性从句,在句中作主语时用who,意思是“谁”,含有疑问意味,whoever意为“无论谁”,不含有疑问意味。whoever在引导名词性从句时,相当于anyone who,其中who引导一个定语从句紧随其后。另外,whoever还可以引导让步状语从句,这时whoever相当于no matter who,但是no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。请比较:1Who has taken away my bag is unknown.谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用whoever显然句意不通)2Whoever breaks the law will be punished.无论谁违反法律都要受到惩罚。(whoever表达的语气强烈)3Im not going to let you in, no matter who you are.Im not going to let you in, whoever you are.(根据句意“我不会让你进去的,不管你是谁”,后面是一个让步状语从句,故用no matter who或者whoever)【特别提醒】whever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句。引导名词性从句时,whoeveranyone who; whomeveranyone whom; whateveranything that; whicheveranything/anyone that; whoseverany one whose。Whichever he likes will be given to him.Anything that he likes will be given to him.无论他想要哪个都可以给他。You should give the book back to whosever name(anyone whose name) is on the cover of it.你该把书还给任何一个他的名字在封面上的人。【方法技巧】做题时,具体思路如下:通读全句,首先考虑是不是某种句型,如强调句型;题干句若是疑问句,首先把它恢复为正常语序;观察设空的前前后后,确定相关从句的性质;确定从句性质后,回忆相关从句的用法特点,从而作出取舍;注意标点符号和并列连词(and, but)的作用;将选项代入句子,看前后是否语意贯通。【高频考点突破】考点一、考查宾语从句1.(xx全国,26)Police have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue.Awhich BwhereChow Dwhat【变式探究】(xx山东,30)Its good to know_the dogs will be well cared for while we are away.Awhat BwhoseCwhich Dthat考点二、考查名词性从句例2(xx天津,15)_ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.AThat BWhich CWhether DWhat答案:D句意:我想要告诉你的是我对我的父母的深深的爱与尊重。分析句子成分,is是系动词,the deep love and respect是表语,is前的从句为主语从句。在这个主语从句中,tell后要跟双宾语,所以tell you后缺一个宾语,名词性从句缺宾语,要用what 来引导,故选D项。【变式探究】(xx陕西,20)It remains to be seen _ the newly formed mittees policy can be put into practice.Athat BwhichCwhat Dwhether考点三、考查宾语从句引导词的用法例3(xx湖南,28)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory.AhowBthatCwhichDwhere考点四、考查名词性从句的引导词例4(xx北京,31)_ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.AThat BWhatCWho DWhich【变式探究】(xx北京,33)Experts believe _ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.Awhy BwhereCthat Dwhat考点五、考查表语从句引导词例5(xx安徽,21)From space, the earth looks blue. This is _ about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.Awhy Bhow Cbecause Dwhether【变式探究】It has been proved_ several new kinds of medicine have a positive effect on the cure of H7N9.Awhich Bif Cthat Dbecause考点六、考查同位语从句例6xx浙江卷 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. A. how Bthat Cwhich Dwhether【解析】B 。此处是由that引导的同位语从句,指代belief的具体内容,同时从句中不缺少成分,所以用that引导,这里选B项。 【变式探究】The fact has worried many scientists_ the earth is being warmer and warmer these years.Awhich Bthat Cas Dwhat考点七、考查表语从句例7xx安徽卷 From space, the earth looks blue. This is _ about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.Awhy Bhow Cbecause Dwhether【解析】C 语境中“地球表面约71%被水覆盖”和“从太空上看,地球是蓝色的”之间是因果关系,故用because引导表语从句。 【经典考题精析】 【xx高考真题精选】(xx新课标I卷)26. Police have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue. A. which B. where C. how D. what (xx北京卷)33.Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. 11. whyB. whereC. thatD. what (xx北京卷)31. makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. ThatB. WhatC. WhoD. Which(xx北京卷)21. Volunteering gives you a chance_ lives, including your own.A. changeB. changingC. changedD. to change(xx山东卷)30. Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. A. what B. whoseC. which D. that 【答案】D【解析】动词know之后为宾语从句,从句中不缺少成分,故用that表陈述一件实事。【考点定位】考查名词性从句(xx四川)6. _ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the pany. A. When B. How C. What D. That【答案】 C【解析】 句意:你在会议上所说的为公司描述了一个光明的未来。此句为what引导的主语从句,what在从句里做said 的宾语。而when和how 引导名词性从句里只能在其从句中做状语;that引导名词性从句时,不在从句中做任何成分,只起连接作用。【考点定位】考察名词性从句连接词的用法。(xx天津卷)15. _ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A. ThatB. WhichC. WhetherD. What【答案】D【解析】句意:“我想告诉你的是我深爱我的父母并很尊重他们。”名词性从句的连词选用规则是:根据意思,缺什么就填什么,什么都不缺就填that。我们必须特别关注what所引导的名词性从句,what引导名词性时,必须在句中担当主、宾、表等成分,意思是“的事或东西”,一般也不能用逗号和主句分割开来,插入语除外。我们还要关注whatever与what的区别,前者有两个意思无论什么或anything that(任何东西),而后者只表示“的事或东西”;whatever与no matter what的区别在于前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导状语从句,而后者只能引导状语从句。其他配对词的用法也是类似的。【考点定位】考查名词性从句。要关注连词的一般用法,同时要关注某些引导词的特殊用法。【xx高考真题精选】【xx辽宁卷】 The newer went to the library the other day and scarched for he could find about Mark Twain. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever【考点定位】连词用法。【答案】C【解析】介词for后面加的是宾语从句,且从句中find缺少宾语,所以用whatever,选C项【xx四川卷】17. Scientists study _ human brains work to make puters.A. when B. how C. that D. whether【xx陕西卷】20. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best.A whateverB. whichever C. wheneverD. wherever【xx北京卷】24. Jerry did not regret giving the ment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.A. why B. how C. that D. whether【xx江西卷】25It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.AwhetherBwhereCwhichDthat【xx湖南】6. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time. A. whyB. howC. whetherD. when【xx重庆卷】34. Evdence has been found through years of study_ childrens early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up.A. why B. how C. whether D. that【xx浙江卷】4.I made a promise to myself_this year, my first year in high school, would be different.A. whetherB. whatC. thatD. how【xx江苏卷】27.The notice came around two in the afternoonthe meeting would be postponed.A. whenB. thatC. whetherD. how【xx安徽卷】27.The limits of a persons intelligence,generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 【xx全国新课程】24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. whichC. that D. what【xx山东卷】25. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why 【xx福建卷】35. We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. whoB. whom C. whoever D. whomever【考点定位】本句考查连词的辨析【答案】C【解析】首先本句考查的关键短语是promise sb sth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会,不定式做chance的定语,然后就是参加聚会的任何人whoever=anyone who,这样句子就很清晰了,所以划分句子成分非常关键,以前考察whoever都是做状语,而本题考查的是作promise的宾语,挺新颖的。【2011高考真题精选】(2011北京卷 22_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom(2011北京卷 31The shocking news mad me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A. whatB. howC. thatD. why(2011上海卷 35There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that(2011上海卷 38The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what【答案】D【考点定位】考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。【解析】句意为:你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反。(2011山东卷 26I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why(2011山东卷 33Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it.A. where B. what . whether D. which(2011江西卷 26.The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge. A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which(2011江苏卷 26It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.A. that B. how C. when D. why(2011安徽卷 33His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what(2011四川卷 10Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which(2011辽宁卷 23Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read first. A. what B. who . how D. why(2011辽宁卷 32When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army.A. since B. which C. that D. because(2011天津卷 13Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. what B. which C. that D. where(2011陕西卷 15Id like to start my own businessthats _ Id do if I had the money. A. why B. when C. which D. what(2011重庆卷 22It is still under discussion _the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A. whether B. when C. which D. where(2011重庆卷 34It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life.A. whose B. what C. which D. that【答案】B【考点定位】考查宾语从句。【解析】What引导宾语从句,同时在从句中作use的定语。还原句子为“a new invention can be of what use”。(2011湖南卷)31Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why- 配套讲稿:
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