CA10B前刹车调整臂外壳钻13.8孔和φ16沉孔专用夹具设计【含高清CAD图纸和文档全套】
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I 毕业设计(论文)任务书 专业 机械设计制造及其自动化 班级 机械 053 姓名 孔琳琳 下发日期 2009-6-15 题目 CA10B 前刹车调整臂外壳加工工艺设计及专用夹具设计 专题 1. 计 CA10B 前刹车调整臂外壳加工工艺设计2. 13.8 和 16 沉孔加工钻床夹具设计 主 要 内 容 及 要 求 要求: 在教师的指导下,独立完成设计任务,培养较强的创新意识和学习能力,获 得机械工程师的基本训练。使整个设计在技术上是先进的,在经济上是合理的,在生产上 是可行的。工艺规程设计应该满足加工质量,生产率,经济性要求,机床夹具设计方案应 该合理,有一定的特色和见解。计算步骤清晰,计算结果正确;设计制图符合国家标准; 使用计算机设计,计算和绘图;说明书要求文字通顺,语言简练,图示清晰。 必须以负责的态度对待自己所做的技术决定,数据和计算结果。 主要内容: (1) 确定生产类型,对零件进行工艺分析。 (2) 选择毛胚种类及其制造方法 (3) 拟定零件的加工工艺过程,选择各工序的加工设备和工艺装备,确定各工序 切削用量和工学尺寸,计算某一代表工序的工时定额。 (4) 填写工艺文件: 工艺过程卡片(或工艺卡片) ,工序卡片(可视工作量大小 只填部分主要工序的工序卡片) 。 (5) 设计指定工序的专用夹具,绘制装配总图和主要零件图。 (6) 撰写毕业设计说明书。 成果形式: 设计说明书不少于 2 万字,查阅文献 15 篇以上,翻译与课题有关的英 文资料 2 篇,译文字数不少于 5000 字,绘制图纸折合总量不少于 5 张 A1 主要 技术 参数 该零件图一张,年生产纲领 5000 件,每日一班。 进 度 及 完 成 日 期 3 月 23 日4.月 3 日 :实习 二周 4 月 6 日4 月 10 日 :绘制被加工零件图和毛胚图并绘制三维图 一周 4 月 13 日4 月 24 日 制定加工路线,编制工艺卡 二周 4 月 27 日5 月 8 日 :进行设计和计算 二周 5.月 11 日5 月 22 日 :设计第一套夹具装配图 二周 5 月 25 日5 月 29 日 :设计夹具的零件图 一周 6 月 1 日6 月 56 日 :外文资料翻译 一周 6 月.8 日6 月 12 日 :编制和整理设计计算说明书 一周 6 月 15 日6 月 19 日 :机动 一周 6 月 22 日6 月 26 日 :准备答辩和答辩 教学院长签字 日期 教研主任签字 日期 指导教师签字 日期 摘要 本设计是调整臂外壳的加工工艺及专用夹具设计。考虑零件在机床运行 过程中所受冲击不大,零件结构又比较简单,故选择铸件毛坯。它的主要加工 面是孔、调整臂的几个端面和槽,在加工中由于面的加工精度要比孔的加工精 度容易保证。因此,在设计中采用先面后孔的原则,并将孔与平面的加工划分 为粗加工和精加工阶段,以保证加工精度。在本设计中,先以 R41 外圆加工出 两端面,再以该基准面加工相应的孔。在后面的工序中,均以该孔与端面为定 位基准,加工调整臂的孔、槽和一些端面,在整个加工过程中,分别采用了铣 床、钻床和车床。并设计了铣侧面、镗孔和铣槽等的专用夹具,并对它们的定 位都采用了一面两销定位。由于该零件的尺寸不大,所需的夹紧力不大。因此, 夹紧方式都采用手动夹紧,它的夹紧简单,机构的设计更为方便,满足夹紧要 求。 关键词: 调整臂外壳零件,毛坯、加工工艺,专用夹具,定位, 夹紧 bstract The shell design is the adjustment of the processing technology boom and exclusive fixture design. Consider the parts in the machine is running is not the hardest hit, spare parts and relatively simple structure, the choice of rough castings. Its main processing is the hole surface, adjusting the number of face and arm slot, in the process of machining accuracy due to face processing than the hole to ensure the accuracy of easily. Therefore, the use in the design after the first hole of the principle of surface and hole and two-dimensional processing is divided into roughing and finishing stages to ensure the machining accuracy. In this design, the first R41 at both ends of the cylindrical surface processing, and then base-level processing of the corresponding hole. The processes behind both holes with the end of the baseline for positioning, processing to adjust the arm holes, slots, and some face in the whole process, namely the use of a milling machine, drilling machine and lathe. And the design of the side milling, boring and milling fixture dedicated ducts and their location use the side of the two targeted marketing. Due to the size of the parts do not, the clamping force is not required. Therefore, the clamping means are manually clamping, clamping it simple, more convenient for the design of institutions to meet the requirements clamping. Key words: Adjustment arm shell parts, rough, processing technology, a dedicated fixture, positioning, clamping 目录 摘要 .I BSTRACT II 目录 III 第一章 绪论 1 第二章:概述 .2 2.1 夹具的现状几生产对其提出新的要求 .2 2.2 现代夹具的发展发向 .3 2.3 机床夹具及其功用 .4 2.4 机床夹具在机械加工中的作用 .5 2.5 机床夹具组成和分类 .6 2.6 机床夹具的分类 .7 2.7 机床夹具设计特点 .9 2.8 机床夹具的设计要求 .10 第三章 零件的分析 11 3.1 零件的工艺分析 .11 第四章 工艺规程设计 14 4.1 确定毛坯的制造形式 .14 4.2 基面的选择 .14 4.3 制定工艺路线 .14 4.4 机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定 .16 4.5 确立切削用量及基本工时 .18 第五章 夹具设计 34 5.1 钻夹具设计 .34 5.2 定位基准的选择 .34 5.3 切削力和夹紧力计算 .35 5.4 定位误差分析 .36 5.5 夹具设计及操作的简要说明 .37 参考文献 38 致谢 39 附件 1 .40 附件 2 .50 工序卡片工序一: 以R41外圆为粗基准,粗车60孔前后端面安徽农业 大 学机 械 加 工 工 序 卡工序名称车端面零件名称前刹车调整臂外壳零件重量2.5kg材 料毛坯牌号硬度形式重量KT350150HBW铸造设备夹具辅助工具名称型号60孔及端面加工车床夹具卧式车床CW6163A工步安 装 及 工 步 说 明刀具走刀次数切削深度进给量切削速度基本工时1以R41外圆为粗基准,粗车60孔前后端面硬质合金钢端面车刀11.3mm0.15mm/r35m/min1.14min设 计 者孔琳琳指导教师郑 培 文共11页第1页工序二: 以R41外圆为粗基准,粗车60孔左右两端面。安徽农业 大 学机 械 加 工 工 序 卡工序名称车端面零件名称前刹车调整臂外壳零件重量2.5kg材 料毛坯牌号硬度形式重量KT350150HBW铸造设备夹具辅助工具名称型号60孔及端面加工车床夹具卧式车床CW6163A工步安 装 及 工 步 说 明刀具走刀次数切削深度进给量切削速度基本工时1以R41外圆为粗基准,粗车60孔左右两端面。硬质合金钢端面车刀11.3mm0.15r/min35m/min1.6min设 计 者孔琳琳指导教师郑 培 文共11页第2页工序三: 精车12孔前后端面。安徽农业 大 学机 械 加 工 工 序 卡工序名称车端面零件名称前刹车调整臂外壳零件重量2.5kg材 料毛坯牌号硬度形式重量KT350150HBW铸造设备夹具辅助工具名称型号60孔及端面加工车床夹具卧式车床CW6163A工步安 装 及 工 步 说 明刀具走刀次数切削深度进给量切削速度基本工时1精车12孔前后端面硬质合金钢端面车刀11.3mm0.15mm/r35m/min0.68min设 计 者孔琳琳指导教师郑 培 文共11页第3页工序四: 以12孔上端面为精基准,钻、扩、铰、精铰12孔,孔的精度达IT7。安徽农业 大 学机 械 加 工 工 序 卡工序名称加工孔零件名称前刹车调整臂外壳零件重量2.5kg材 料毛坯牌号硬度形式重量KT350150HBW铸件设备夹具辅助工具名称型号13.8和16沉孔加工钻床夹具钻床Z5125A工步安 装 及 工 步 说 明刀具走刀次数切削深度进给量切削速度基本工时1234粗钻孔至do=10mm扩孔至do=11.8mm铰孔至do=11.94mm精铰孔至12H7高速钢麻花钻钻头高速钢扩孔钻高速钢铰刀高速钢铰刀11110.5mm/r0.75mm/r1.5mm/r1.5mm/r11m/min25m/min11m/min11m/min0.17 min0.09min0.1min0.1min设 计 者孔琳琳指导教师郑 培 文共11页第4页工序五: 以12孔上端面为精基准,钻5个4.3孔安徽农业 大 学机 械 加 工 工 序 卡工序名称加工孔零件名称前刹车调整臂外壳零件重量2.5kg材 料毛坯牌号硬度形式重量KT350150HBW设备夹具辅助工具名称型号60孔及端面加工车床夹具钻床Z5125A工步安 装 及 工 步 说 明刀具走刀次数切削深度进给量切削速度基本工时1钻孔至d=4.3mm高速钢麻花钻钻头10.13mm/r30m/min1.3 min设 计 者孔琳琳指导教师郑 培 文共11页第5页工序六: 以12孔上端面为精基准,钻、扩、铰、精铰60孔,孔的精度达IT7。安徽农业 大 学机 械 加 工 工 序 卡工序名称加工孔零件名称前刹车调整臂外壳零件重量2.5kg材 料毛坯牌号硬度形式重量KT350150HBW铸件设备夹具辅助工具名称型号60孔及端面加工车床夹具钻床Z535工步安 装 及 工 步 说 明刀具走刀次数切削深度进给量切削速度基本工时1234粗钻孔至do=50mm扩孔至do=58mm铰孔至do=59.94mm精铰孔至60H7高速钢麻花钻钻头高速钢扩孔钻高速钢铰刀高速钢铰刀11110.7mm/r0.95mm/r1.6mm/r1.6mm/r10m/min18m/min7m/min7m/min 0.8 min0.3min0.35min0.35min设 计 者孔琳琳指导教师郑 培 文共11页第6页工序七: 粗车、半精车槽26H11的端面安徽农业 大 学机 械 加 工 工 序 卡工序名称切槽零件名称前刹车调整臂外壳零件重量2.5kg材 料毛坯牌号硬度形式重量KT350150HBW铸造设备夹具辅助工具名称型号60孔及端面加工车床夹具卧式车床CW6163A工步安 装 及 工 步 说 明刀具走刀次数切削深度进给量切削速度基本工时12粗车26H11槽半精车26H11槽QA2022L-03QA2022L-03111.3mm1.3mm0.15mm/r0.15mm/r34m/min34m/min8.38s8.08s设 计 者孔琳琳指导教师郑 培 文共11页第7页工序八: 车螺纹孔顶面安徽农业 大 学机 械 加 工 工 序 卡工序名称车端面零件名称前刹车调整臂外壳零件重量2.5kg材 料毛坯牌号硬度形式重量KT350150HBW铸造设备夹具辅助工具名称型号卧式车床CW6163A工步安 装 及 工 步 说 明刀具走刀次数切削深度进给量切削速度基本工时1车螺纹孔顶面硬质合金钢端面车刀11.3mm0.15r/min34m/min2.32s设 计 者孔琳琳指导教师郑 培 文共11页第8页工序九: 以60孔及端面和12孔为定位基准,钻、扩、铰、精铰13.8孔,使孔的精度达到IT7。安徽农业 大 学机 械 加 工 工 序 卡工序名称加工孔零件名称前刹车调整臂外壳零件重量2.5kg材 料毛坯牌号硬度形式重量KT350150HBW铸造设备夹具辅助工具名称型号13.8和16沉孔加工钻床夹具钻床Z535工步安 装 及 工 步 说 明刀具走刀次数切削深度进给量切削速度基本工时1234粗钻孔至do=12mm扩孔至do=13.6mm铰孔至do=13.74mm精铰孔至13.8H7高速钢麻花钻钻头高速钢扩孔钻高速钢铰刀高速钢铰刀11110.5mm/r0.75mm/r2mm/r2mm/r10m/min11m/min9m/min9m/min1.2 min0.4min0.3min0.3min设 计 者孔琳琳指导教师郑 培 文共11页第9页工序十: 以60孔及端面和12孔为定位基准,钻、扩、铰、精铰16孔,使孔的精度达到IT7。安徽农业 大 学机 械 加 工 工 序 卡工序名称加工孔零件名称前刹车调整臂外壳零件重量2.5kg材 料毛坯牌号硬度形式重量KT350150HBW铸造设备夹具辅助工具名称型号13.8和16沉孔加工钻床夹具钻床Z535工步安 装 及 工 步 说 明刀具走刀次数切削深度进给量切削速度基本工时1234粗钻孔至do=14mm扩孔至do=15.6mm铰孔至do=15.94mm精铰孔至16H7高速钢麻花钻钻头高速钢扩孔钻高速钢铰刀高速钢铰刀11110.5mm/r0.75mm/r2mm/r2mm/r10m/min22m/min8m/min8m/min0.9 min0.3min0.2min0.2min设 计 者孔琳琳指导教师郑 培 文共11页第10页工序十一: 以60孔及端面和12孔为定位基准,钻、扩、铰、精铰13孔,使孔的精度达到IT7。安徽农业 大 学机 械 加 工 工 序 卡工序名称加工孔零件名称前刹车调整臂外壳零件重量2.5kg材 料毛坯牌号硬度形式重量KT350150HBW铸造设备夹具辅助工具名称型号13.8和16沉孔加工钻床夹具钻床Z535工步安 装 及 工 步 说 明刀具走刀次数切削深度进给量切削速度基本工时1234粗钻孔至do=12mm扩孔至do=12.6mm铰孔至do=12.94mm精铰孔至13H7高速钢麻花钻钻头高速钢扩孔钻高速钢铰刀高速钢铰刀11110.5mm/r0.75mm/r2mm/r2mm/r10m/min22m/min8m/min8m/min0.9 min0.3min0.2min0.2min设 计 者孔琳琳指导教师郑 培 文共11页第11页青岛理工大学本科毕业设计(论文)说明书附件1机电一体化技术 机电一体化又称机械电子学,英语称为Mechatronics,它是由英文机械学Mechanics的前半部分与电子学Electronics的后半部分组合而成。机电一体化最早出现在1971年日本杂志机械设计的副刊上,随着机电一体化技术的快速发展,机电一体化的概念被我们广泛接受和普遍应用。随着计算机技术的迅猛发展和广泛应用,机电一体化技术获得前所未有的发展。现在的机电一体化技术,是机械和微电子技术紧密集合的一门技术,他的发展使冷冰冰的机器有了人性化,智能化。 机电一体化技术具体包括以下内容: (1) 机械技术 机械技术是机电一体化的基础,机械技术的着眼点在于如何与机电一体化技术相适应,利用其它高、新技术来更新概念,实现结构上、材料上、性能上的变更,满足减小重量、缩小体积、提高精度、提高刚度及改善性能的要求。在机电一体化系统制造过程中,经典的机械理论与工艺应借助于计算机辅助技术,同时采用人工智能与专家系统等,形成新一代的机械制造技术。 (2) 计算机与信息技术 其中信息交换、存取、运算、判断与决策、人工智能技术、专家系统技术、神经网络技术均属于计算机信息处理技术。 (3) 系统技术 系统技术即以整体的概念组织应用各种相关技术,从全局角度和系统目标出发,将总体分解成相互关联的若干功能单元,接口技术是系统技术中一个重要方面,它是实现系统各部分有机连接的保证。 (4) 自动控制技术 其范围很广,在控制理论指导下,进行系统设计,设计后的系统仿真,现场调试,控制技术包括如高精度定位控制、速度控制、自适应控制、自诊断校正、补偿、再现、检索等。 (5) 传感检测技术 传感检测技术是系统的感受器官,是实现自动控制、自动调节的关键环节。其功能越强,系统的自动化程序就越高。现代工程要求传感器能快速、精确地获取信息并能经受严酷环境的考验,它是机电一体化系统达到高水平的保证。 (6) 伺服传动技术 包括电动、气动、液压等各种类型的传动装置,伺服系统是实现电信号到机械动作的转换装置与部件、对系统的动态性能、控制质量和功能有决定性的影响。 机电一体化系统组成 1.机械本体 机械本体包括机架、机械连接、机械传动等,它是机电一体化的基础,起着支撑系统中其他功能单元、传递运动和动力的作用。与纯粹的机械产品相比,机电一体化系统的技术性能得到提高、功能得到增强,这就要求机械本体在机械结构、材料、加工工艺性以及几何尺寸等方面能够与之相适应,具有高效、多功能、可靠和节能、小型、轻量、美观的特点。 2.检测传感部分 检测传感部分包括各种传感器及其信号检测电路,其作用就是检测机电一体化系统工作过程中本身和外界环境有关参量的变化,并将信息传递给电子控制单元,电子控制单元根据检查到的信息向执行器发出相应的控制。 3.电子控制单元 电子控制单元又称ECU(Electrical Control Unit ),是机电一体化系统的核心,负责将来自各传感器的检测信号和外部输入命令进行集中、存储、计算、分析,根据信息处理结果,按照一定的程度和节奏发出相应的指令,控制整个系统有目的地进行。 4.执行器 执行器的作用是根据电子控制单元的指令驱动机械部件的运动。执行器是运动部件,通常采用电力驱动、气压驱动和液压驱动等几种方式。 5.动力源 动力源是机电一体化产品能量供应部分,其作用是按照系统控制要求向机械系统提供能量和动力使系统正常运行。提供能量的方式包括电能、气能和液压能,以电能为主。 机电一体化主要课程 机械方面:机械制图,机械设计,工程材料,工程力学,数控编程技术,autoCAD,Mastercam软件,C# 电工方面:可编程控制器PLC,单片机,自动控制原理,数字电路,电工电子 实习课程:电力拖动,PLC,单片机,钳工,普通车、铣、刨床,数控车、铣,加工中心 本专业的培养目标 本专业培养德、智、体、美全面发展,具有创业、创新精神和良好职业道德的高等专门人才,掌握机械技术和电气技术的基础理论和专业知识;具备相应实践技能以及较强的实际工作能力,熟练进行机电一体化产品和设备的应用、维护、安装、调试、销售及管理的第一线高等技术应用型人才。 本专业职业面向 机电一体化专业是一个宽口径专业,适应范围很广,学生在校期间除学习各种机械、电工电子、计算机技术、控制技术、检测传感等理论知识外,还将参加各种技能培训和国家职业资格证书考试,充分体现重视技能培养的特点。学生毕业后主要面向珠江三角洲各企业、公司,从事加工制造业,家电生产和售后服务,数控加工机床设备使用维护,物业自动化管理系统,机电产品设计、生产、改造、技术支持,以及机电设备的安装、调试、维护、销售、经营管理等等。 1、主要就业岗位:机电一体化设备的安装、调试、维修、销售及管理;普通机床的数控化改装等。 2、次要就业岗位:机电一体化产品的设计、生产、改造、技术服务等倾斜表面移动热源模型在磨削加工中,大部分产生的能量会转换成热量。磨削加工区的高温对工件表面质量、磨削精确度、磨削效率和砂轮的磨削磨削表现都有很重要的影响。因此对磨削热方面的就显得相当重要并且在多年来一直作为磨削加工中的重要研究课题。1 引言对于磨削温度的计算,目前大多数热源模型都将热源平面假设为以速度v沿半无限体移动,即忽略磨削深度并将磨削上下表面当作同一表面。热源平面与移动方向平行(图1,=0)。对于普通的浅磨来说,这种假设很好地接近实际情况的,但是对于深磨的情况,例如缓进给磨削和高效深切磨削,磨削深度大约能达到10毫米。这种图1(b)所示的简化的热量转移情况表明热源平面与它的移动方向之间存在一个倾斜角,倾斜平面热以速度v转换和预热材料直接在前面的这个平面在不断消除。很明显对于深磨情况上述的假设需要被修改且磨削深度、倾斜角应该被考虑。图1 热源平面和它在深磨中的运动对于垂直磨削的磨削区温度的研究也需要考虑热源平面的倾斜移动。有一个比较好的的方法是通过假设一个统一的温度带来表现磨削区热源平面以磨削速度在加工表面移动,该平面与有一个倾斜角,表面被当作半无限体。Jaeger的解决方案是直接用在剪切面和是与温度有关的解决方案,在切屑方面。虽然一个比较明确和直接的解决办法是源自与假设,Dawson和Malkin的求解方法仍然存在一些值得商榷方面,由于相对过度简化指出的那样。在现实中热源对剪切机不会移动,沿剪切面,但动作与切削速度对材料在前面的剪切机,一部分热量进入到工件是不断带走的物质拆除之前,它可以转移到该地区下方的前沿。简化的解决方案,与直接利用Jaeger理论对剪切面,缺乏理论的合理性,虽然也是必要的精度,特别是在较大的剪切角度和更高的切削速度时。Rapier的方法则解决了这个问题与数值计算方法,这是一种基于一维稳定传热移动无限热平面均匀的温度分布在一个无限固体的方法;问题是处理在这方面,不仅速度垂直切变,平面不可或缺的作用,对热转移在剪切带。为案件高切削速度,剑杆织机的解决方案是一个较好的逼近,但未能得到有效的,当磨削情况有较低的切削速度和较小的剪切角时不适合的分析磨削区温度。在此基础上的基本微分方程稳定的传热和统一热流的假设,Dawson和Malkin解决了传热问题的斜平面移动源的有限元方法,并取得了一系列的数值解,根据不同的热条件。热两方面正交切削和缓进给磨削进行了分析与这些解决方案。与统一的热流所承担的热源平面,最高量纲温升在于大约在磨削尾区,这是并非如此,在普通和缓进给磨削中。虽然整体的有限元分析应提供最准确的分析估计的温度所产生的(即前面所提到的Dawson和Malkin的方法),这种方法是相当复杂的,必须反复为每一个情况都考虑。他们的结果还出现一些分歧,与其他研究者的分析方法仍然是一个直接的方法由于其方便的利用和明确的理论意义,如果一个理性的解析解可以得到。上面所提到的热传递的热分析中存在的问题在本论文中得到了比较好的解决。本论文中建立了三中相关联的热传递热源模型,其中平均热源模型和三角形热源模型都分别进行了一维或二维热传递分析。这三种热源模型都将热原平面的倾斜移动考虑在内,这对于研究高效深切磨削和大倾斜角热源平面都有很重要的意义。从这些热源模型中得到的温升求解方案,在高效深切磨削中也做了研究。该论文中提出的热源模型可以用作对深切磨削和垂直磨削的问题进行分析,其中对垂直磨削的分析只是简短的讨论了一下。2 一维倾斜移动热源模型2.1统一热流量模型直角坐标系如图2所示,引起AB面温度升高的热量在工作平面中,来自同一个热源,热源在临近的以速度v移动的平面上,热源沿z轴一维传递。坐标值z当平面靠近平面AB时减小,热量逐渐由B传递到A,直到平面与平面AB重合。平面与平面AB近似取作相等,AB=L,L是磨削弧的长度。热源平面在平面AB上的作用时间。在热量传递的一瞬间,平面传递的热量为,是热源平面的平均热流量,被当作半无限体的平面,平面AB上点E(x,0)的温升即由和点E的座标共同决定,根据半无限体表面瞬态热源的镜像原理,即可计算出该热量值14,15: (1)其中:,(见图2),分别是比热容,密度,热分散率和热传导率。点E从热源面开始受热的时间是:,。从到时间内,E点的温升为: (2)求解得:图2 一维统一热流量热源模型 (3)方程(3)的无量纲形式为: (4)其中:,2.2 三角形热源模型沿磨削加工区,切屑的厚度并不一致,在磨削加工区的前沿厚度最大而在磨削加工区的尾部磨屑厚度接近零,所以三角形热源模型更合理。在热源平面上假设一个三角形热源模型,如图3所示。那么在时刻内(),在点E(x,0)上来自热源平面的热量是,这一时刻至的时间间隔等于。点E靠近半无限体上的热源平面的温升受到热发散率的影响,也可以用和方程(1)类似的方法计算这个温升,即: (5)在时间内E点的温升为: (6)该方程可以通过以下几步进行积分求解: (7) 方程(6)的无量纲形式为: (8)图3 一维三角形热源模型3 二维倾斜移动热源模型处理二维热传递问题需要通过几个步骤来求解。首先要认为在y方向上有一条无限长的热源线,且其在无限体内沿x轴方向上的热流率q和速度为,有一点M(x,y,z)在固体内以速度沿z轴移动(见图4)。图4 在无限体中的无数条无限热源线在时刻,由热源平面的热流量引起单位点M(x,y,z)的温升(这与y坐标轴无关)可以根据在无限体内的无限热源线方程式求解: (9)变量间的关系如图4所示,。移动坐标系采用:,。从时刻到时间内,M点的温升可以根据方程(10)来计算,即: (10)求解得: (11)其中:当时,可近似认为倾斜平面AB的热源可视作无数条沿y方向的热源线,且移动坐标系以速度移动,如图5所示:图5 二维统一热流量热源模型每条热源线的移动速度为,即,。在单独一条热源线的作用下,点的温升可以用等式(11)附加镜像热源法则来计算,即等式(12): (12)在全部热源平面作用下点的温升如下用等式(13)来计算: (13)在热源平面上: (14)求解得: (15)其中:表面温升的无量纲形式为: (16)当,时: (17)这与Jaeger的求解方法一致,即Jaeger的方法是倾斜移动热源模型的一种特殊形式,这就进一步证明了上面的假设与得出的结论的正确性。附件2Mechatronics Electrical machinery and electronics, also known as the integration of science, English as Mechatronics, it is by English mechanics of the first half of Mechanics and Electronics of the latter part of a combination of Electronics. Mechatronics 1971, first appeared in Japanese magazine, Machine Design on the supplement, with the mechanical-electrical integration of the rapid development of technology, electromechanical integration, the concept was widely accepted and we have universal application. With the rapid development of computer technology and extensive application of mechatronics technology unprecedented development. Mechatronics present technology, mechanical and micro-electronics technology is closely a set of technologies, the development of his machine has been cold humane, intelligent. Specific mechanical and electrical integration technologies, including the following: (1) mechanical engineering machinery and technology is the basis of mechatronics, mechanical technology, focused on how to adapt to mechanical and electrical integration technologies, the use of other high and new technology to update the concept, the realization of the structure, materials, the performance changes to meet the needs to reduce weight, reduce the size and improve accuracy, increase the stiffness and improving the performance requirements. Mechatronic systems in the manufacturing process, the classical theory and technology of mechanical computer-aided technology should help, while the use of artificial intelligence and expert systems, the formation of a new generation of mechanical manufacturing technology. (2) Computer and Information Technology Which information exchange, access, computing, judge and decision-making, artificial intelligence techniques, expert system technology, neural networks are computer information processing technology. (3) System Technology System technology that is the concept of the overall application of related technology organizations, from the perspective of the overall objectives and systems will be interconnected into the overall number of functional units, system interface technology is an important aspect of technology, it is an organic part of the realization of system guarantee connectivity. (4) Automatic Control Technology Its scope is broad, under the guidance of the control theory for system design, design of system simulation, live debugging, control technology include, for example, high-precision positioning control, speed control, adaptive control, self-diagnosis calibration, compensation, reproduction, retrieval, etc. . (5) Sensor detection technology Sensor detection technology is the feeling of organ systems, is to achieve automatic control, the key to automatic adjustment. The stronger its functions, the system the higher the automation process. Engineering requirements of modern sensors can be fast and accurate access to information and are able to withstand the harsh environment of the test, it is the mechanical-electrical integration systems to achieve a high level of assurance. (6) Servo-drive technology, including electric, pneumatic, hydraulic and other types of actuators, servo system is a signal to the mechanical action to achieve the conversion devices and components, the dynamic performance of the system, control the quality and features have a decisive impact. Mechatronics system 1. Machinery ontology ontology including mechanical rack, mechanical connections, such as mechanical transmission, which is the basis of mechanical-electrical integration, play a support system of other functional units, transmission of the role of movement and power. And compared to purely mechanical products, electrical and mechanical systems integration technology to improve performance, enhanced functionality, which requires mechanical ontology in the mechanical structure, materials, processing technology, as well as the areas of geometry to adapt, with high efficiency, multi-functional, reliable and energy-saving, small, lightweight, aesthetically pleasing characteristics. 2. Detection sensor detecting sensor part includes a variety of sensors and signal detection circuit, and its function is to detect the process of mechatronic systems in the work itself and the external environment changes in the relevant parameters and information to the electronic control unit, electronic control unit checks the information in accordance with the actuator to the corresponding control issue. 3. Electronic Control Unit, also known as electronic control unit ECU (Electrical Control Unit), is the core of Mechatronic Systems, responsible for testing the sensor from the external input signal and centralized command, storage, computing, analysis, information processing based on the results of according to a certain extent and pace of the instructions issued to control the destination for the entire system. 4. Executors role in the implementation of electronic control unit in accordance with the order-driven movement of mechanical components. Implementation is moving parts, usually electric, pneumatic and hydraulic drive, such as driving a number of ways. 5. The power source power source is a mechanical-electrical integration products part of the energy supply, the role of system control in accordance with the requirements of mechanical systems to provide energy and power system normal operation. Way to provide energy, including electricity, gas, energy and hydraulic energy, mainly electricity. Main Courses Mechatronics Mechanical aspects: mechanical drawing, mechanical design, engineering materials, engineering mechanics, numerical control programming techniques, autoCAD, Mastercam software, C # Electrical connection: Programmable Logic Controller PLC, MCU, Automatic Control Theory, Digital Circuits, Electrical and Electronic Internship Program: Power Drive, PLC, MCU, fitter, ordinary cars, milling, planer, NC cars, milling, machining center The professional training objectives Professional training of the moral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetic development, entrepreneurial, innovative spirit and the high professional ethics expertise, master mechanical technology and electrical technology, basic theory and professional knowledge; have the appropriate practical skills, as well as strong practical work the ability to carry out skilled mechanical and electrical integration products and equipment, maintenance, installation, commissioning, sales and management of front-line personnel in high technology applications. The professional career-oriented Mechatronics is a professional, to adapt to a wide range of students in school during the study in addition to a variety of mechanical, electrical electronics, computer technology, control technology, sensor detection, such as theory of knowledge, will also participate in a variety of skills training and National Vocational Qualification Certificate Examination, fully embodies the characteristics of attention to skills development. Students graduated from the Pearl River Delta will be mainly oriented company engaged in processing and manufacturing, household appliances production and after-sales service, the use of CNC machine tool equipment maintenance, property management system for automation, electrical and mechanical product design, production, transformation, technical support, as well as electrical and mechanical equipment installation, commissioning, maintenance, sales, management and so on. 1, the main jobs: electromechanical integration equipment, installation, commissioning, maintenance, sales and management; general machine tools, such as modification of the NC. 2, secondary jobs: mechatronics product design, production, transformation, and other technical servicesAnalytical Thermal Models of Oblique Moving Heat Source for Deep Grindingand CuttingAuthor:Professor G. Q. Cai, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern UniversityThree related analytical thermal models of plane heat source moving obliquely along the surface of a semi-infinite solid are presented. The temperature distribution of grinding zone under deep-cut conditions is investigated with these models. It is proposed that the oblique angle of the heat source plane to its moving direction has an essential influence on the grinding zone temperature rise and its distribution of high efficiency deep grinding(HEDG). Compared with that in creep-feed grinding, HEDG has a different form of heat flux distribution in grinding zone and should be treated with different thermal models. The temperature distribution at the shear zone of orthogonal cutting is also briefly discussed with the thermal models. The models developed in the paper provide a more rational and integrated analytical basis for dealing with the heat transfer problems of inclined moving heat sources.1 IntroductionIn grinding, most of the energy dissipated in the process is converted to heat. Elevated temperatures generated at the grinding zone have essential influences on the surface quality, grinding precision and efficiency, and also on the performance of the grinding wheel. Investigation into the thermal aspects of grinding is thus of considerable importance and has been a subject of much research for many years.For the calculation of grinding temperatures, most thermal models developed up to now handle the conditions in which the heat source plane is assumed to move with feed velocity v along the surface of a semi-infinite solid, i.e., ignore the existence of grinding depth and take the ground and unground surfaces as the same one; the source plane is thus parallel to its moving direction(Fig.1: =0) For ordinary shallow-cut grinding conditions, the assumption above is a good approximation to reality,but for those with quite deep cuts, e.g., in creep-feed grinding and high efficiency deep grindingHEDG, the depth of cut can reach the level of some 10 mm. The simplified heat transfer condition in Fig.(1)b shows that the heat source plane has an oblique angle to its moving direction, the oblique heat plane translates with velocity v and the preheated materials directly in front of the plane are continually removed. It is obvious that for the heat transfer solution under deep-cut conditions the above assumption should be modified and the effects of depth of cut and oblique angle should be taken into account.The analysis on the shear zone temperature of orthogonal cutting also involves the oblique moving heat source problems. The well known method simplifies the solution by assuming that a uniform heat band presenting the shearing heat source moves with shearing velocity on the shear plane, which has an oblique shear angle to the cutting direction and is taken as the surface of a semi-infinite solid. Jaegers solution is then directly used on the shear plane and is related to temperature solution at chip side. Although a relatively clear and direct solution is derived with the assumption, there still exists some questionable aspects due to the relative excessive simplifications, as pointed out by Dawson and Malkin.In reality the heat source on the shear plane does not move along the shear plane but moves with cutting speed towards the material in front of the shear plane, a part of the heat entering to workpiece is continually taken away by the material removed just before it could transfer to the area beneath the cutting edge. The simplified solution with direct use of Jaegers theory on the shear plane thus lacks the theoretical rationality and also the necessary precision, especially in the case of larger shear angle and higher cutting speed. Rapier solved the problem with a numerical method, which is based on the one-dimensional stable heat transfer of a moving infinite heat plane with uniform temperature distribution in an infinite solid; the problem is handled in that only the velocity perpendicular to the shear plane has an essential effect on the thermal transfer at shear zone. For the case of high cutting speed, Rapiers solution is a better approximation, but fails to be valid in the case of lower cutting speed and smaller shear angle and is also not suited for the analysis of grinding zone temperatures.Based on the basic differential equation of stable heat transfer and the uniform heat flux assumption, Dawson and Malkin solved the heat transfer problem of oblique moving plane source with finite element method and obtained a series of numerical solutions under diverse thermal conditions. The thermal aspects of both orthogonal cutting and creep-feed grinding were analyzed with these solutions. With the uniform heat flux assumed on the source plane, the maximum dimensionless temperature rise lies approximately at the tail of the grinding zone, which is not the case in ordinary and creep-feed grinding. Although an overall finite element analysis should provide the most accurate analytical estimation of the temperature generated,(as mentioned by Dawson and Malkin) such a method is quite complex and must be repeated for each case at hand. Their results also show some differences with other authors. The analytical approach is still a straightforward way due to its convenience of utilization and clear theoretical meaning if a rational analytical solution can be derived.The heat transfer problem mentioned above is solved in this paper with analytical methods. Three related thermal models are developed in which both uniform and triangular heat flux distribution are respectively considered with the approach of one or two dimensional heat transfer analysis. All the three models take account of the oblique movement of the heat source plane, which is of particular importance for the conditions of high moving speed and large oblique angle of the heat source plane. With the solutions gained from the models the temperature and heat flux distribution at the grinding zone of HEDG is investigated. The models proposed in this paper can be used for the analysis of heat transfer problems of both deep-cut grinding and orthogonal cutting; the latter is briefly discussed.2 One-Dimensional Heat Transfer Models of Oblique Moving Heat Source2.1 Uniform Heat Flux Model.The coordinate system is shown in Fig.2.The heat causing the temperature rise of plane AB in the workpiece comes from the uniform heat source on the vicinal surface plane which moves with velocity v and
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