苹果切片机的设计
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南华大学机械工程学院毕业设计(论文)Study and Improvement for Slice Smoothness in Slicing Machine of Lotus Root De-yong YANG ,Jian-ping HU , En-zhu WEI , Heng-qun LEI ,and Xiang-ci KONG Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology Ministry of Education Jiangsu Province Jiangsu University . Zhenjiang .Jiangsu Province .P.R.China212013Tel.: +86-511-8;Fax:+86-511-8yangdy163.comJinhu Agricultural Mechanization Technology Extension Station . Jinhu countyJiangsu Province .P.R.China 211600Abstract: Concerning the problem of the low cutting quality and the bevel edge in the piece of lotus root, the reason was analyzed and the method of improvement was to reduce the force in the vertical direction of link to knife. 3D parts and assemblies of cutting mechanism in slicing machine of lotus were created under PRO/E circumstance. Based on virtual prototype technology, the kinematics and dynamics analysis of cutting mechanism was simulated with ADAMS software, the best slice of time that is 0.2s0.3s was obtained,and the curve of the force in the vertical direction of link to knife was obtained. The vertical force of knife was changed according with the change of the offset distance of crank. Optimization results of the offest distance of crank showed the vertical force in slice time almost is zero when the offset distance of crank is -80mm. Tests show that relative error of thickness of slicing is less than 10% after improved design, which is able to fully meet the technical requirements. Keywords: lotus root; cutting mechanism; smoothness; optimization 1 Introduction China is a country of producing lotus toot, lotus root system of semi-finished products of domestic consumption and external demand for exports is relatively large. In order to improve efficiency, reduce labor intensity, the group work, drawing on the principle of the artificial slice based on the design and development of a new type of lotus root slice (Bi Wei and Hu Jianping, 2006). This new type of slice solved easily broken cutting, stick knives, hard to clean up and other issues, but the process appears less smooth cutting, and some have a problem of hypotenuse piece of root. In this paper, analyzing cutting through the course of slice knife, the reasons causing hypotenuse was found, and the corresponding improvement of methods was proposed and was verified by the experiments.2 Structure of Cutting Mechanism of Slicing Machine Cutting mechanism of the quality of slice lotus root is the core of the machine, the performance of its direct impact on the quality of slice. Virtual prototyping of cutting mechanism of slice lotus root (Fig.1) was built by using PRO/E, and mechanism diagram of the body is shown in Fig.2. Cutting principle of lotus slicer adopted in the cardiac type of slider-crank mechanism was to add materials inside, which can be stacked several lotus root, lotus root to rely on the upper part of the self and the lower part of the lotus press down, so that it arrives in the material under the surface of the baffle. While slider-crank mechanism was driven by motor, the knife installed on the slider cut lotus root. In the slice-cutting process it was found that parallelism of the surface at both ends of part of piece lotus was not enough, which can not meet the technical requirements for processing.Fig.1 Virtual prototyping of cutting mechanismFig.2 Diagram of cutting mechanism Study and improvement for slice smoothness in slicing machine of lotus root.3 The Cause of the Bevel Edge Uneven thickness and bevel edge of cutting were related with forces on the slice knife in the process of cutting. In accordance with cutting mechanism (Fig.2), without taking into account the friction and weight, the direction of force F of point C was along the link. Force F may be decomposed with a horizontal direction force component and a vertical direction force component. The horizontal force component pushed the knife moving for cutting, but the vertical force component caused the knife moving along the vertical direction. Because of the gap between the slider and the rail, the vertical force component made the blade deforming during the movement, and knife could not move along the horizontal direction to cut lotus root, which caused the emergence of bevel edge. Thus, to reduce or eliminate the vertical force component in the cutting-chip was key to solve the problem of bevel edge and improve the quality of cutting.When crank speed was 6990r/min, the horizontal and vertical direction of the force curve of point C connecting link and the blade hinge are shown in Fig.3 and Fig.4 respectively. As can be seen from the chart, with the crank speed improvement the horizontal and vertical direction of the force in point C also increased. The horizontal force changed relatively stable during 0s0.2s, which was conducive to cutting lotus, but the vertical force increased gradually. The more the vertical force was, the more detrimental to the quality cutting. Fig.3 Horizontal force of CFig.4 Vertical force of C4 Simulation and Optimization If improving flatness of the slicer, the structure was optimized to reduce the vertical force component, so as far as possible the level of cutting blade.When crank speed was 6090r/min the velocity curve and acceleration curve of the knife center of mass are shown in Fig.5 and Fig.6 respectively. According to the speed curve, the speed of the knife center of mass was relatively large in a period of 0.2s0.3s. In accordance with the requirements that the knife should have a higher speed during cutting lotus, so this period time was more advantageous to cutting than other terms. According to acceleration curve. When calculates by one cycle, the acceleration value was relatively quite small in the period of time, 0.15s0.3s compared with other time section. Which indicated that the change of velocity was relatively small, simultaneously the force of inertia was small, and the influence of vibration caused by the force was small to the slicer. Therefore,this period of time, 0.2s0.3s, to cut root piece was advantageous in enhances the cutting quality of lotus root piece.Fig.5 Velocity curve of center of mass of knife Fig.6 Acceleration curve of center of mass of knife Based on the above analysis, the vertical force component between link and the knife was the main reason for bevel edge. According to the characteristics of slider-crank mechanism, reducing the vertical force on the knife in the period of cutting time by altering crank offest was tried to enhance the quality of the cutting. When crank speed was 60r/min, the crank eccentricity was optimized. When the offest of the crank was 40mm, 20mm, 0mm, -20mm, -40mm, -80mm, -120mm respectively, the mechanism was simulated and the vertical force curves under different crank eccentricity were obtained, as shown in Fig.7.Fig.7 vertical force curves in different offest Fig.7 indicates that: When the eccentricity was positive, the vertical force on point C increased gradually in 0.2s0.3s with the increase of crank oddest: When the eccentricity was negative, the force decreased gradually first and then begun to increase along with -80mm. So when the offest was -80mm, the numerical of the force in 0.2s0.3s achieved the minimum and the quality of cutting was the best.When the crank rotated in the other speed, there were the same optimization results. Fig.8 show the curve of vertical force in the offest of 0mm and -80mm when the speed of crank was 80r/min. From the Fig.8 it is obvious that vertical direction of the force of point C in 0.2s0.3s reduced a lot when the eccentricity is -80mm. Therefore, the vertical force could be reduced by optimizing the slider-crank mechanism of eccentricity.Fig.8 Vertical force of C5 Experimental AnalysisThe relative error of thickness of lotus root piece reflects the quality of cutting. Which is generally controlled of 10%. There always existed bevel edge phenomenon and the relative error of thickness was about 15% before structural optimization and improvement, which was difficult to meet the technical requirements. The offset in the slider-crank mechanism was optimized, and its structure was improved according to the results of optimization. After improvement cutting test were done in the conditions of crank speed for 80110r/min and statistical data about the relative error of thickness was shown in Table.1. Four levels were separated in the experiment, three times for each level.Table 1 Relative error of thickness of slicingNOCrank speed (r/min)809010011016.6%6.4% 8.2%9.5%25.3%6.1%8.5%9.2%26.4%7.9%7.9%9.4%Average6.1%6.8%8.2%9.4% It is derived from Table.1 that the relative error of the thickness of slices could meet the technical indicators when the crank speed was 80110r/min, especially in the crank rotation speed 80r/min, 90r/min the relative error of thickness was less than 7%,and high quality was achieved.6 ConclusionThe vertical force component acted on the knife in the process of cutting was the main reason for surface formation and bevel edge, so the key of improving the quality was to reduce the vertical force. Through slice knife and velocity acceleration simulation analysis the best time for slicing, 0.2s0.3s, was obtained. By optimizing the offset of the crank the vertical force during cutting time was greatly reduced when the offset was -80mm. Experiments were made after improving the design of lotus root slicer, which results showed that by changing the offset of the crank, the relative error of the thickness could fully meet the requirements of less than 10%. So the problem was basically solved that the flatness was not ideal and was the issue of bevel edge.1References 1 Wei,B . jianping,H.: Study of lotus root slicing techniques and design of new model,Journal of agricultural mechanization research (12),112-114(2006)(in Chinese)2 Enzhu, w.:the simulation and optimization on the new slicing machine of lotus root based on virtual prototype technology .jiangsu university 2008)in Chinese)3 Ce ,Z .:mechanical dynamics .higher education press1999)4Xiuning ,C.:optimal design of machinery .zhejiang university press1999)5Liping,C.,yunqing,Z.,weiqun,R.: dynamic analysis of mechanical systems and application Guide ADAMS . Tsinghua university press ,Beijing(2005)Page 8 of 8南华大学机械工程学院毕业设计(论文)莲藕切片机切片平滑度的研究和改进杨德勇 胡建平 韦恩铸 雷恒群 孔祥次农业设备和现代技术的国家重点实验室江苏省教育部 江苏大学.江苏.镇江中国 江苏省 212013电话 +86-511-8:传真+86-511-8yangdy163.com金湖农业机械化技术推广站中国 江苏省 211600摘要:针对莲藕切削质量不高和莲藕片的斜边问题,通过分析原因,改进的方法就是减少刀在垂直方向的力。在Pro/E的环境下创建了莲藕切片机的3D零件和装配体。基于虚拟样机技术,切片机的运动学和动力学分析是在ADAMS软件模拟实验下实现的,获得最佳的切削时间为0.2s0.3s,并且得到了刀在垂直方向上的力的曲线。刀在垂直方向上的力随着曲柄偏移量的变化而改变。曲柄的偏移量优化结果表明,当曲柄的偏移量为-80mm时,在切削时间里的垂直方向上的力几乎为零。测试结果表明,经过改进设计后,切片厚度的相对误差小于10,这是能够完全满足技术要求的。关键词:莲藕;切削机制;平滑度;优化1前言 中国是一个生产莲藕的大国,莲藕半成品系列食品的国内消费和外部的出口需求量比较大,为了提高工作效率,减轻劳动强度,设计工作组,在借鉴人工切莲藕片原理的基础上设计和开发一个新型的切片机(毕伟,胡建平,2006年)。这种新型的切片机容易解决切片易断,粘刀,难清理等问题,但过程中还是出现不平滑切削和一些斜边的现象。本文通过对切削时刀片的分析,发现了一些造成斜边现象的原因,并提出了相应的改进方法,并通过实验得到了验证。2 切片机切削结构原理莲藕切片的切削原理是机器的核心,性能直接影响切片的质量。在使用PRO / E平台下建立了莲藕切削原理的虚拟样机(图1),结构本身的原理图如图2所示。莲藕切片机的切削原理是通过核心的曲柄滑块机构往里面添加材料,它可以堆叠许多莲藕,莲藕依靠自己本身上部和下部的莲藕,以便它能够到达挡板的表面。曲柄滑块机构是由电机驱动,在滑块上安装刀片切莲藕。但在切削过程中,发现在一块莲藕两端面的平行度是不足够的,这不能满足加工的技术要求。图1 莲藕切削原理的虚拟样机图2 切片原理结构图切片机的莲藕片平滑度的研究和提高。3 斜边的原因厚薄不均匀和斜边问题与刀片在切削过程中的力量有关。按照结构原理(图2),不考虑相互间摩擦和重量的因素,C点的力F的方向是沿链接方向。力F可以分解为一个水平方向的分力和一个垂直方向的分力。水平分力造成的刀沿垂直方向移动切削,但垂直方向上的力造成的刀沿垂直方向移动。由于滑块和导轨之间的差距,垂直分力会使叶片在运动时变形,刀不能沿水平方向切莲藕,导致出现斜边。因此,解决斜边的问题和提高切削质量的关键是减少或消除切片时的垂直分力。 当曲轴转速为6090转/分钟,C点和刀片连接部位的水平和垂直方向的力曲线如图3和图4所示。从图上可以看出,当曲柄的速度提高后,C点水平和垂直方向的力也增加了,相对稳定的水平力有利于切削莲藕期间,但垂直方向上的力也逐渐增加。越多的垂直方向上的力,越不利于切削的质量。图3 C点的水平力图4 C点的垂直方向上的力4 仿真和优化如果提高切片的平整度,结构优化可以减少垂直分力,所以尽可能的要刀片保持水平。当曲柄速度6090转/分钟时,刀质量中心的速度曲线和加速度曲线分别如图5和图6所示。根据速度曲线,在0.2s0.3s时间里,刀质量中心的速度是比较大的。按照刀应该有更高的速度来切削莲藕的要求,这期间的时间切削比其他时间更有利。根据加速度曲线,一个周期计算,在0.15s0.3s的时间里,相比其他的时间段加速度值是相对比较小。这表明速度的变化相对较小,同时惯性产生的力小,切片机受力引起的振动影响小。因此,在0.2s0.3s里来切莲藕有利于提高莲藕片的切削质量。图5 刀片的质量中心速度曲线图6 刀片的质量中心加速度曲线 基于上述分析,刀片和链接之间的垂直分力是造成斜边的主要原因。根据曲柄滑块机构的特点,在切削时间段通过改变曲柄偏移来减少对刀垂直方向上的力,从而提高切削质量。当曲轴转速为60转/分钟,曲轴偏心率得到了优化。当曲柄偏移量分别为40mm,20mm,0mm,-20mm, -40mm, -80mm, -120mm时,在不同的偏移量下模拟其原理,获得了垂直方向上的力曲线,如图7所示。图7 不同偏移下的垂直方向上的力曲线图7表明:偏心率为正值时,在0.2s0.3s随着曲柄偏移量增加,C点的垂直方向上的力逐渐增加;当偏心率为负值时,随着曲柄偏移量的增加,力开始下降,然后在-80mm处开始逐步增加。所以,当偏移量为-80mm,力在0.2s0.3s的数值降到最低,这时切削质量是最佳的。 当曲柄在其他的速度旋转,有相同的优化结果。图8显示的是曲轴转速为80转/分钟、曲轴偏移量为0mm到-80mm时,垂直方向上的力。从图8可以看出,当偏移量为-80mm时,C点垂直方向的里在0.2s0.3s大大减少。因此通过优化曲柄偏移量可以减少垂直方向上的力。图8 C点的垂直方向上的力5 实验分析莲藕片的厚度相对误差反映了切削质量,一般控制在10。在结构的优化和改进前,总是存在斜边现象,厚度相对误差约为15%左右,这是难以满足的技术要求。对曲柄滑块机构的偏移量进行优化,并根据优化的结果,它的结构有了一些改进。改进后的曲柄,在速度的条件为80110转/分钟时,切削试验出来的厚度相对误差的统计数据如表1所示。从四个速度层次进行分析实验,每个速度层次进行三次实验。表 1 切片厚度相对误差 序号曲柄速度(转/分钟)809010011016.6%6.4% 8.2%9.5%25.3%6.1%8.5%9.2%26.4%7.9%7.9%9.4%平均6.1%6.8%8.2%9.4%来自表1的数据显示,当曲柄速度为80110转/分钟时,切片厚度相对误差能满足各项技术指标,尤其是当曲轴旋转速度为80转/分钟和90转/分钟时,厚度相对误差低于7,达到了较高的切削质量。6 总结 切削的过程中,表面不平整和斜边的主要原因是作用在刀组件上的垂直分力,因此提高质量的关键是减小垂直方向上的力。通过刀片质量中心速度和加速度模拟分析曲线得到,0.2s0.3s是切片的最佳时间。通过优化曲柄的偏移量,当偏移量为-80mm时,垂直方向上的力在切削时间大大减小。经过实验改进莲藕切片机后,实验结果表明,通过改变曲柄偏移量,厚度相对误差不到10,完全能够满足要求。因此,平整度不理想和斜边问题基本解决。参考文献1 胡建平.莲藕切片技术的学习和新的模型设计. 中国农业机械化研究(12),112114.20062 韦恩铸.基于虚拟样机技术的新型莲藕切片机仿真优化.江苏大学,20083 张 策.机械动力学.高等教育出版社,19994 陈秀林.机械优化设计.浙江大学出版社,1999.5 陈丽萍,郑云群,容微群.机械系统的动态分析和应用指南ADAMS.北京:清华大学出版 社,2005第 7 页 共 7 页塔里木大学 毕业论文(设计)任务书学院机械电气化工程学院班级机械设计12学生姓名 陈斌学号6031208107课题名称苹果切片机的设计起止时间2011年 12月 1日2012年5月 26日(共16周)指导教师王 伟职称副教授课题内容 设计枣树起苗机,主要能完成苹果夹紧、切片等功能。1. 选择动力形式,设计传动装置和工作装置。2. 绘制二维装配图和零件图。3. 对整机进行三维实体建模。拟定工作进度(以周为单位)第1-3周 查阅相关文献,撰写开题报告。第4-6周 根据当地实际情况确定苹果切片机的设计方案。第7-9周 根据工作要求,计算并查阅相关手册,选择和设计各零部件。第10周 运用AutoCAD软件,绘制二维零件图和装配图。第11-12周 运用三维设计软件完成整机各零部件的三维建模。第13-14周 从工艺性能,经济性能,实用性能等方面对产品进行综合评价、校核、修正。第15周 完成设计说明书。第 16周 答辩。主要参考文献 1 黄桂琴, 瞿越, 朱凤武. 人参切片机设计研究J. 吉林农业大学学报, 1996, (03) 2 戈振扬, 余扬. 脱水蜜菠萝切片方法的研究J. 云南农业大学学报, 1990, (04) 3 谢中生.国外切片机发展述评.电子工业部第45研究所.1996.3 4 屠用利. 罐藏果蔬原料处理设备(三)J. 食品工业, 1985, (02) 5 戈振扬. 菠萝切片机J. 食品与机械, 1990, (04) 6 朱海强. QP320型鲜姜切片机的研制J. 农机化, 2009, (03) 7 姜雪鹰,冯小氟. 计算机控制螺旋切片机的设计J. 机械设计与制造, 1995, (04) 8 李仕坦. 鲜菇切片机闻世J. 食用菌, 2003, (02) 9 手电动两用蔬菜切丝切片机J. 农村新技术, 2010, (20) 10 毛瑞馥,陈正学. CP系列果蔬脆片加工设备简介J. 食品工业科技, 1996, (04) 11 罗仓学, 杨秀芳, 刘萍. 冻干果蔬脆片制作工艺J. 应用科技, 1998, (10) 12 罐头工业手册(专业没备与建厂设计) 1980 5第五分册北京:中国轻工业出版社,1986 13 朱海强.QP320型鲜姜切片机研制J. 特色农业化,2009,(3) 14 梁仁和.QP内圆切片机系统设计和实现.硕士学位论文,20071001 15 张玮琪切片机电气故障的检修与维护电子工业专用设备2004(8):69-71 16 罗怀民微型PLc在切片机中的应用电子工业专用设备2005(126):61-63 17 王明权,郭强生,黄克飞QP-509型自动内圆切片机电子工业专用设备1994,23(3) 任务下达人(签字)同意按此计划进行设计 年 月 日任务接受人意见任务接受人签名 年 月 日 苹果切片机设计的开题报告1课题来源及研究的目的和意义我国是世界最大的果品生产国家,其水果产量占世界总产量的13.4%,果园面积是全球果园面积的21%, 我国加入WTO之后,苹果是为数不多的具有明显国际竞争力的农产品之一,自1992年起我国苹果的产量就居世界首位。2000年,我国苹果的栽培面积达到225.4万hm2,产量达到2043万t,分别占世界总面积的40%和总产量的30%。近几年,我国苹果的总产量每年都维持在2200万t左右,已成为我国北方苹果产区经济支柱,并在推进农业结构调整、增加农民收入及出口创汇等方面发挥着重要作用。但是,多年来卖果难一直是摆在我们面前的现实问题。与此同时,在一些大城市的超市里或水果市场上,进口苹果的价格却比国产苹果的价格高出许多,而且销路很好。 从国外苹果与国内苹果的优势对比中不难发现,解决我国苹果价格低迷的出路在于对苹果进行深加工。据调查,我国每年加工苹果的份额不到总产量的6%。而国际上苹果深加工产品占鲜果的比例,美国45%,阿根廷50%,德国高达75%以上。在鲜果总体产量供过于求的同时,果酱、果泥、果醋、果片等苹果深加工食品仍有很大的市场空间。因此,苹果加工产业有着巨大的发展潜力。过去,的林果虽然有名气,但是量少、品种杂、种植分散。如今,的林果总面积已经突破1700万亩,果品产量达600万吨,苹果更是占了很大的份量。但是,由于现在的苹果销售方式很大程度上还是以鲜果的方式销售到各地,就导致很多时候苹果没能得到很好的储存条件,而导致大量的苹果腐烂,造成很大的经济损失,这对苹果产业的发展是及其不利的,所以,从国际和内地的苹果产业发展态势看,苹果的加工深加工具有很广阔的发展前景,大力发展苹果深加工与综合利用技术研究,深加工不仅仅延长了苹果的储存和销售期,而且可以大大增加了产品的附加值,更主要的是丰富了食品的品种,能更好地满足不同消费者的多元化的食品需求。苹果深加工调整了产业结构、缓解了供需矛盾、节约了生产浪费、促进了人类饮食文明的进步。可以说深加工所占比例反映了一个国家或地区苹果产业的成熟程度。大力发展浓缩鲜果汁、饮料、果酱等苹果加工技术,有助于提高苹果的国际竞争力。在苹果深加工过程中,苹果切片就是其中的一个关键的环节,只有将苹果片切到合适的厚度,才能在后面得加工过程中很好的提取出苹果的营养成分,而且直接将苹果切片进行储存也能很好的留住苹果的营养成分。在大批量生产苹果切片的过程中,能保证切片质量和效率的切片机就显得至关重要了。2 课题所涉及的问题在国内外研究的现状及分析2.1国外的切片机发展状况国外的切片机技术始于六十年代,到七十年代已经发展成熟,八十年代中期,大部分切片机都可以加工125MM以上大直径单晶,像瑞士的迈尔-布格耶斯公司的卧室内圆切片机,切割棒料直径最大可以达到304.8mm。八十年代中后期的一两年,切片技术发展到了鼎盛时期,相当多的多功能全自动切片机相继商品化。从而诞生了世界上续道著名的切片机厂家,如瑞士AG公司的TS系列机、日本TOkyo Semisu 朱式会社的TSK系列机、ASM系列机、美国STC公司的STC系列机等,就切片机的结构而言,主轴以空气轴承火滚动轴承为支撑方式的卧式和立式两种。发展到现在就切片机的功能而言,已经相当齐全,而且复合化,切片方式也有很多种类。目前,全球水果加工机械需求每年以5.3%的速度增长。美国拥有最大的水果加工设备生产商,其次是日本,其他的主要生产商则来自德国、意大利和中国,目前水果加工设备生产增长最快的是发展中国家和地区。据了解,美国包装工业总产值占国民经济总产值的3%。其包装机械最大使用行业是食品产业,其次是饮料产业、家庭清洁用品与化妆品产业、医药用品及烟草业。在美国食品产业中,蔬菜和水果每年需要的食品机械所占比重最大,而美国进口的食品加工机械主要来自德国、墨西哥、加拿大和中国。在俄罗斯,机械制造业远远满足不了农产品加工和食品生产等行业的需求。据了解,俄罗斯水果加工机械的市场容量为每年20亿美元至40亿美元,但是俄罗斯的制造商只占有20%的份额,并且这些制造商主要生产半自动化的设备,目前还没有能力去满足俄罗斯食品生产加工行业的整体需求。 在亚洲,越南市场则对食品机械如食品切片机等成套加工设备的需求日益旺盛,尤其是在水果加工设备方面。越南出产丰富的热带水果,年产量达380多万吨,但水果加工技术落后,致使出口仍以鲜果为主。2.2国内的切片机发展状况 我国的切片机技术始于其实年代初期,我国的切片机广泛应用于蔬菜、中药、冻肉等领域,其中土豆的应用最为显著,目前我国的切片机主要方式有以下几种:1、 直线往复式切片机,直线往复式切片机的结构简单,但效益低,因此它应用于工作要求不高,效率低得场合2、 圆盘旋转式切片机,圆盘旋转式切片机的结构简单也有较高的生产效益,因此它广泛应用于各种场合。3、 水枪式切片机,水枪式耗水量大,只能切出平直的片,因此它的应用不是十分广泛。4、 圆形切片机,圆形式切片机有很高的工作效率,但是结构复杂,设计比较困难,因此它应用于工作效率要求相当高的专业领域。 国内市场现在的切片机类型有轮转切片机、振动切片机、立式薄片切片机、冻肉切片机、中药切片机、木材切片机、果蔬切片机等等。我国的切片研究开发方面虽然已经有30年的历史,近几年来切片机的研制发展也非常迅速,但是与发达国家相比目前仍有一段距离,研制切片机没有得到大面积的推广应用,虽然现在已经有很多的切片机生产厂家,但是我国的切片机方面仍然处于较低得发展水平。2.3总结 随着机械制造技术的不断发展,现阶段的切片机也已经比较成熟,现在在果蔬切片类比较流行的就是全自动多功能的切片机,其外形美观、安全卫生,不需换刀片,只需使用不同进料斗和点动倒顺开关即可进行切片工作,切片厚度可以调节。但是这些切片机大多都适用于大型工厂等地方。基于多功能切片机,此次设计的是针对中小型场合的离心式苹果切片机,例如食堂、家庭等。3 课题所涉及的要求及可行性分析 离心式苹果切片机是针对中小型场合的,要求重量轻,成本低,工作时候噪音小,需要有较高的工作效率,切片均匀。 如今我国的林果业蓬勃发展,大量的水果已经不能再单一的靠鲜果销售,而需要对水果进行加工处理,而在这随着经济的不断发展,社会购买力的不断提高,将会有更多的功能更齐全的果蔬切片机和其它处理设备研制出来,并迅速转化为生产力,促使我国果蔬加工业蓬勃发展起来。这种适用于中小型场合的苹果切片机将会有很大的市场。所以在现今的市场前景下,此种切片机的生产是可行的。4 内容与思路 1、确定切片机的总体方案 2、根据实际要求合理选择电动机 3、确定传动方案并设计计算 4、选择轴,并确定结构尺寸,校核强度 5、选择轴承及校核 6、刀片设计 7、入料斗及叶轮设计 8、机架的选择和设计 9、整个机体的设计5 完成本课题的工作方案及进度计划第 1-2 周 查阅相关文献和资料。第 3 周 撰写开题报告。第 4-6 周 根据当地的实际情况确定苹果切片机的设计方案。第 7-9 周 根据工作要求,计算并查阅相关手册,选择和设计各零部件。第 10 周 运用AutoCAD软件,绘制二维零件图和装配图。第11-12周 运用三维设计软件完成整机各零部件的三维建模。第13-14周 从工艺性能,经济性能,实用性能等方面对产品进行综合评价、校核、修正。第 15 周 完成设计说明书。第 16 周 答辩。6 主要参考文献 1 黄桂琴, 瞿越, 朱凤武. 人参切片机设计研究J. 吉林农业大学学报, 1996, (03) 2 戈振扬, 余扬. 脱水蜜菠萝切片方法的研究J. 云南农业大学学报, 1990, (04) 3 谢中生.国外切片机发展述评.电子工业部第45研究所.1996.3 4 屠用利. 罐藏果蔬原料处理设备(三)J. 食品工业, 1985, (02) 5 戈振扬. 菠萝切片机J. 食品与机械, 1990, (04) 6 朱海强. QP320型鲜姜切片机的研制J. 农机化, 2009, (03) 7 姜雪鹰,冯小氟. 计算机控制螺旋切片机的设计J. 机械设计与制造, 1995, (04) 8 李仕坦. 鲜菇切片机闻世J. 食用菌, 2003, (02) 9 手电动两用蔬菜切丝切片机J. 农村新技术, 2010, (20) 10 毛瑞馥,陈正学. CP系列果蔬脆片加工设备简介J. 食品工业科技, 1996, (04) 11 罗仓学, 杨秀芳, 刘萍. 冻干果蔬脆片制作工艺J. 应用科技, 1998, (10) 12 罐头工业手册(专业没备与建厂设计) 1980 5第五分册北京:中国轻工业出版社,1986 13 朱海强.QP320型鲜姜切片机研制J. 特色农业化,2009,(3) 14 梁仁和.QP内圆切片机系统设计和实现.硕士学位论文,20071001 15 张玮琪切片机电气故障的检修与维护电子工业专用设备2004(8):69-71 16 罗怀民微型PLc在切片机中的应用电子工业专用设备2005(126):61-63 17 王明权,郭强生,黄克飞QP-509型自动内圆切片机电子工业专用设备1994,23(3) 18 程玉来. 山楂切片机的研制. 农业工程学报. 1996.3 19 董淑炎. 苹果小食品加工. 农产品加工.2011.9 20 何天明. 苹果生产现状的调查与思考.农垦科技.2011(4) 21 张国秀. 旋转式切片机的改进及至于试验材料.安徽农业科学.2010,38(4)
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