2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解5

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1、2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 翻译题Feedback plays an important role in almost all electronic circuits. Its study is introduced here to provide a view of the amplifier as a gain element.【答案】反馈几乎在所有电子电路中都有重要的作用。本文介绍了放大器作为增益元件的研究情况。2. 单选题Despite his _ planning, the exposition turned out to be

2、a failure.问题1选项A.exquisiteB.exhaustedC.elaborateD.insufficient【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. exquisite精美的；精致的 B. exhausted筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的C. elaborate详尽的；精心制作的 D. insufficient不充分的；不足的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】句意：尽管他的计划，博览会还是以失败告终。根据逻辑，这里存在一个转折关系，后半句讲博览会是失败的，则可以推测前半句中他的计划应该是精心制作的，但是博览会以失败告终。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应

3、逻辑关系。【句意】尽管他精心策划，博览会还是失败了。3. 单选题Ironically, racial discrimination, which is _ with democratic principles, has existed in America, “the greatest democracy in the world”.问题1选项A.incompatibleB.unanimousC.disagreeableD.contrary【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. incompatible（与某事物）不一致，不相配 B. unanimous（决定或意见）一致的，一致同意的C. dis

4、agreeable不合意的；令人不快的 D. contrary相对立的；相反的【答案】A【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】固定搭配：incompatible with表示“格格不入的；矛盾的；互斥的”，由句意“具有讽刺意味的是，在世界上最伟大的民主国家美国，却存在着与民主原则种族歧视。”可知，该搭配符合句意。句意为：具有讽刺意味的是，在“世界上最伟大的民主国家”美国，却存在着与民主原则格格不入的种族歧视。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项unanimous“（决定或意见）一致的，一致同意的”，与句意相反，不符合语境；C选项disagreeable“不合意的；令人不快的”，不符合语境；D选项contr

5、ary“相对立的；相反的”，与to搭配不与with搭配。【句意】具有讽刺意味的是，在“世界上最伟大的民主国家”美国，却存在着与民主原则格格不入的种族歧视。4. 翻译题众所周知，技术革新的速度越来越快。未来社会的变革将超过以往任何时候。作为一个物种，我们人类能否在我们自己发动的这种变革中幸存下来呢？有大量的证据表明我们能。我们人类有巨大的潜能，我们才刚刚开始开发利用。例如，我们才刚刚开始控制环境。将来有一天，技术将使所有的沙漠鲜花盛开。这的确不难。要做到这一点，我们只需要降低海水淡化的成本。接下来的问题是，沙漠变成绿洲后，它们能为我们不断增加的人口提供充足的粮食吗？很可能。最近，我们已经开始发现

6、集约式沙漠农业是可能的。我们已经拥有的技术能将产量提高10倍，用水量减少到从前的1/20。我们知道如何创造农业奇迹。我们需要时间和金钱以便使这项技术为人人所用。在19世纪,人们信仰进步。他们相信科学将带领他们进入一个无限繁荣无限幸福的新时代。然而，事情并没有如他们所想象的那样发展。两次灾难性的世界大战使人们确信了这一点。但是，我们在失望时，在担心科学是一头将来某一天会毁灭我们的巨兽时，却忘记了科学并不是巨兽,我们自己才是巨兽。科学只是一个仆人，像火一样，如果使用得当，它将是个好仆人。尽管现代世界存在着种种问题,大多数人都不会愿意生活在我们之前的任何一个科学欠发达的时代。如果我们不在战争中毁灭白

7、己，未来只会更好。我们每年都将取得令人目不暇接的科学进步：疾病得到根治，太空被征服，运输和通讯取得根本性的变革，农业和工业得到彻底改造等等。对一些人来说，未来听起来令人兴奋；而对另一些人来说,则令人恐怖。但有一点是肯定的：未来不会让人感到乏味。【答案】As we all know, technological innovation is getting faster and faster. There will be more social changes in the future than ever before. As a species, can humans survive in t

8、he transformation we have made? A lot of evidence show that we can do. Humans have great potential, but we are just beginning to exploit them. For example, we are just beginning to control the environment. Someday, technology will make all the desert flowers bloom. Its not hard. To achieve this, we

9、only need to reduce the cost of desalination. The next question is whether they can provide enough food for our growing population when deserts become oases. Probably recently, we have begun to discover that intensive desert where farming is feasible. We already have technology that can increase yie

10、lds tenfold and reduce water use by one-twentieth of what it was before. We know how to create an agricultural miracle. We need time and money to make this technology available to everyone.In the 19th century, people believed in progress. They believed that science would lead them into a new era of

11、infinite happiness. However, things didnt go as far as they thought. Two disastrous world wars convinced people of this. But when we are disappointed, and when we worry that science is a monster that will destroy us one day, we forget that science is not a monster but we are. Science is only a serva

12、nt, like fire, and if used properly, it will be a good servant.Despite the problems of the modern world, most people do not want to live in any of the underdeveloped times before us. If we do not destroy ourselves in the war, the future will be better. Every year we will make greater progress, like

13、continual scientific advance, cured diseases, and conquered space, natural changes in transport and communications and radical changes in agriculture and industry and so on. For some, the future sounds exciting, while for others its scary. But one thing can be sure: the future will not be boring.5.

14、单选题Well _ you for any damage done to your house while we are in it.问题1选项A.compensateB.remedyC.supplementD.retrieve【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. compensate 给（某人）赔偿（或赔款） B. remedy 改正；纠正C. supplement 增补；补充 D. retrieve 取回；索回【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：我们在你房子里的时候，如果给你房子造成任何损坏，我们会。根据逻辑，住在别人的房子里时，如果造成损坏应该对房子的主人进行赔偿。因此选A。【

15、干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】我们在你房子里的时候，如果给你房子造成任何损坏，我们会赔偿的。6. 单选题We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of De

16、nver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from th

17、e shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.Other

18、researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli dont develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have

19、 no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter

20、 the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach

21、 upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the hig

22、hest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.1. Laudenslagers experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who co

23、uld turn off the electricity _.2. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to _.3. The reason why the mice in Aders experiment avoided saccharin was that _.4. The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Aders experiment was that _.5. It

24、 can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals _.问题1选项A.was strengthenedB.was not affectedC.was alteredD.was weakened问题2选项A.try to control unpleasant stimuliB.turn off the electricityC.behave passively in controllable situationsD.become abnormally suspicious问题3选项A.they dislike

25、d its tasteB.it affected their immune systemsC.it led to stomach painsD.they associated it with stomachaches问题4选项A.they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharinB.the sweetener was poisonous to themC.their immune systems had been altered by the mindD.they had taken too much sweetener during

26、 earlier conditioning问题5选项A.can be weakened by conditioningB.can be suppressed by drug injectionsC.can be affected by frequent doses of saccharinD.can be altered by electric shocks【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.【选项释义】Laudenslagers experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could

27、turn off the electricity _. 劳登斯拉格的实验表明，那些能切断电源的老鼠的免疫系统_。A. was strengthened A. 得到了加强B. was not affected B. 没有受到影响C. was altered C. 发生了改变D. was weakened D. 被削弱了【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段倒数第二句“劳登斯拉格发现，无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平，而那些可以切断电源的老鼠则没有。”因此选B。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项属于反向干扰；2.【选项释义】According to the passage

28、, the experience of helplessness causes rats to _. 根据文章，无助的经历导致老鼠_。A. try to control unpleasant stimuli A. 试图控制不愉快的刺激B. turn off the electricity B. 关掉电源C. behave passively in controllable situations C. 在可控的情况下被动地行动D. become abnormally suspicious D. 变得异常多疑【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“如果这些动物面对它

29、们无法控制的情况，它们在面对它们可以控制的经历时，会表现得被动。（they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control）”因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项“试图控制不愉快的刺激”，文中提到“杜克大学医学院的心理学家杰伊韦斯已经证明，能够控制不愉快刺激的动物不会出现睡眠障碍，也不会出现典型的应激大鼠大脑化学变化。但是，如果动物面对他们无法控制的情况，它们以后在面对它们可以控制的经历时会表现被动。”由此可知，一旦动物遇到过它们控制不了的事情和局面，以后即使面对它们能够控制的事情，它们依然会很被动。该选项与原文

30、意思相反，属于反向干扰；B选项“关掉电源”，文中第一段提到“无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平，而那些可以切断电源的老鼠则没有。他认为，他所证明的是，缺乏对事件的控制是削弱免疫系统的原因，而不是经历本身。”由此可知关掉电源这个实验证明的是无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平，并没有说无助的经历会让老鼠关掉电源，该选项属于过度推断；D选项“变得异常多疑”，文中没提及，该选项属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】The reason why the mice in Aders experiment avoided saccharin was that _. 在阿德的实验中，老鼠不吃糖精的原因是_。A. they

31、 disliked its taste A. 它们不喜欢糖精的味道B. it affected their immune systems B. 它会影响它们的免疫系统C. it led to stomach pains C. 它会导致胃痛D. they associated it with stomachaches D. 它们把糖精与胃痛联系在一起【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“通过同时给老鼠喂食甜味剂，并给它们注射一种药物，这种药物会抑制老鼠的免疫系统，导致它们胃部不适。老鼠将糖精与胃痛联系起来（Associating the saccharin w

32、ith the stomach pains），很快就学会了避开这种甜味剂。”由此可推断，因为阿德在喂老鼠糖精时，给它们注射了导致肠胃不适的药物，因此老鼠把二者联系起来，回避糖精。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“它们不喜欢糖精的味道”，由推断可知老鼠把糖精和肠胃不适联系在一起，因此对糖精感到厌恶，该选项属于本末倒置；B选项“它会影响它们的免疫系统”，文中提到“通过同时给老鼠喂食甜味剂，并给它们注射一种药物，这种药物会抑制老鼠的免疫系统，导致它们胃部不适。”由此可知，是这种药物会影响老鼠的免疫系统而不是糖精，该选项属于张冠李戴；C选项“它会导致胃痛”，文中提到“通过同时给老鼠喂食甜味剂，并给它们注

33、射一种药物，这种药物会抑制老鼠的免疫系统，导致它们胃部不适。”由此可知是这种药物导致胃痛而不是糖精本身，该选项属于张冠李戴。4.【选项释义】The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Aders experiment was that _. 这篇文章告诉我们，在阿德的实验中，老鼠死亡的最有可能的原因是_。A. they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharin A. 它们的心理已经被糖精削弱了B. the sweeten

34、er was poisonous to them B. 这种甜味剂对他们是有毒的C. their immune systems had been altered by the mind C. 它们的免疫系统被思想改变了D. they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning D. 它们在早期的条件反射中摄入了太多的甜味剂【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到文章最后一段“他只能推测，他已经成功地使老鼠适应环境，仅用糖精就足以削弱它们的免疫系统，杀死它们。”在实验中，老鼠已经将胃痛与糖精联系起来，因

35、此再次接触糖精时，老鼠的心理变化破坏了它们的免疫系统，导致它们死亡。因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“它们的心理已经被糖精削弱了”，文中推断可知老鼠的心理确实被糖精削弱，但是它们死亡的根本原因是免疫系统的变化，该选项属于本末倒置；B选项“这种甜味剂对他们是有毒的”，文中提到“通过同时给老鼠喂食甜味剂，并给它们注射一种药物，这种药物会抑制老鼠的免疫系统，导致它们胃部不适。使它们能够避免糖精”可知糖精本身是无毒的，是这种注射的药物会使它们肠胃不适，该选项属于张冠李戴；D选项“它们在早期的条件反射中摄入了太多的甜味剂”，是因为早期的条件反射导致它们的免疫系统发生变化，导致死亡，该选项属于本末倒置

36、。5.【选项释义】It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals _. 从文章中可以得出结论，动物的免疫系统_。A. can be weakened by conditioning A. 可以被条件作用削弱B. can be suppressed by drug injections B. 可以被药物注射抑制C. can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin C. 可能会受到频繁剂量的糖精的影响D. can be altered by electric

37、 shocks D. 可以被电击改变【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】文章用老鼠与糖精的例子，老鼠对糖精形成条件反射，从而导致免疫系统被削弱。由此可推断，动物的免疫系统可以被条件作用削弱。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项“可以被药物注射抑制”，文中提到对老鼠进行药物注射，但这只是其中的一个条件，并不能推出动物的免疫系统只会被药物抑制，该选项属于以偏概全；C选项“可能会受到频繁剂量的糖精的影响”，文中用糖精做例子，但这只是其中的一个条件，该选项属于以偏概全；D选项“可以被电击改变”，文中虽然提到对老鼠进行电击，但是并不能由此推出动物的免疫系统会被改变，该选项属于过度推断。7. 单选题On

38、ly one more week and the contract will _.问题1选项A.run outB.bring aboutC.put throughD.carry on【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. run out 用完；到期 B. bring about 引起C. put through 给接通电话；使遭受 D. carry on 继续；从事；进行【答案】A【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意：再过一个星期，合同就。根据句意，可以推测，再过一个星期，有效的合同就到期结束了。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B、C选项均不符合句意；D选项，这里指的是合同再过一个星期就到期了，而不是合同

39、继续，该选项不符合逻辑。【句意】再过一个星期合同就到期了。8. 翻译题Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact a little child without knowledge or experience often succ

40、eeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the b

41、ehavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right int

42、onation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions which come to him in a fresh, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student ha

43、s each week a limited number of hours which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language

44、 lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally, though a childs “teachers” m

45、ay not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.New Efforts to Lean about MarsTwo weeks ago, the United States launched a spaceship named Mars Global Surveyor. It is expected to arrive at Mars nex

46、t September after traveling about 7 hundred million kilometers. It will orbit the planet. Its main task is to make the most detailed map of Mars. On December 2nd, the United States is to launch another spacecraft Mars Pathfinder. Although the two spacecrafts are not designed to search for life, they

47、 will seek out conditions that could support life.Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun the next beyond Earth. It has been a bright object of mystery in the night sky since ancient times. It is named for the Roman God of War. Because of the color of its soil and rocks, Mars is also called the red p

48、lanet. If life, past or present, is to be found anywhere else in the solar system, scientists say, Mars is probably the space. They think Mars and Earth were similar as young planets. They believe that young Mars was much warmer and wetter than it is now; and had much thicker atmosphere. Today, Mars

49、 atmosphere is less than 1% as thick as Earths. It is mostly carbon dioxide while Earths atmosphere is mainly nitrogen. Mars is about half the size of Earth. It is almost 7,000 kilometers across. It has huge volcanoes and canyon 4,000 kilometers across, the biggest known in the solar system. Mars is

50、 also known for great dust storms which sometimes cover the planet. The average temperature on Mars is 53 degrees below zero Celsius. Mars warm atmosphere is 27 above zero.In some places the Martian surface looks like a desert on Earth. In others, it looks like the surface of our moon. By studying M

51、ars, scientists say we can hope to learn more about the history and perhaps the future of our own planet. Surface on Mars that are almost 4,000 million years old show remains of ancient lakes. These suggest that that liquid water once flowed. Mars water is hidden under its surface now. Instruments o

52、n the spacecraft will search for it.Extinction Stalks Worlds TigersUnless governments take significant measures to protect tigers, they may go extinct by 2010, the World Wildlife Fund said Thursday.The conservation group said tiger numbers have decreased 95 percent in the past century and only 5,000

53、7,200 tigers still survive in the wildcompared with nearly 10 times that many at the start of the century.WWF, published an update Feb. 11, 2019 of their studyWanted Alive: Tigers in the Wild, marking the end of the Chinese Year of the Tiger.The report states that despite sustained efforts over the

54、past year, much remains to be done to prevent the tiger from becoming extinct early next century. If governments do not crack down on poaching and eliminate the demand for tiger products, the tiger will be stalked to extinction, says WWF.“We cannot let up for one moment if we are to ensure that tige

55、rs will still exist in the wild by the next Chinese Year of the Tiger in 2010,” said Elizabeth Kemf, species conservation information manager at WWF International and one of the authors of the report.The group cites illegal hunting for the medicinal trade, loss of prey species weak law enforcement,

56、poaching, habitat loss and a shrinking gene pool as the other major threats facing the worlds tiger population.The WWF said one major success during 1998 was the passage of legislation by the U.S. Congress banning the import and sale of any product claiming to contain ingredients made of rhinocerosa

57、nother endangered speciesor tiger parts.In addition, WWF established a Tiger Emergency Fund, supported the Tiger Conservation Program in India, and worked in the Russian Far East.Three of the eight subspecies of tigerthe Bali, Caspian and Javan tigers are extinct. The South China tiger faces the sam

58、e facts as only 20 or 30 are known to remain in the wild, down from an estimated 4, 000 in the 1950s.【答案】【参考译文】为什么母语学得这么好？9. 翻译题晶体管（transistor）与电子管（electron tube）相比有好多优点（advantage）。【答案】Transistor has many advantages over electron tube.10. 单选题His remarks finally _ me that I had made the right decisio

59、n.问题1选项A.assuredB.ensuredC.reassuredD.insured【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. assured （向）保证 B. ensured 确保C. reassured 使安心；打消的疑虑 D. insured 投保【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：他的话终于我的决定是正确的。根据逻辑，他的话应该是打消我的顾虑，让我确信我的决定是正确的。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项assured“（向）保证”，并不是他的话保证我的决定是正确的，而是他的话使我安心，从而让我觉得我的决定是正确的，该选项不符合逻辑；B选项ensured“确保”，并不是他的话确保我

60、的决定是正确的，该选项不符合逻辑；D选项insured“投保”，该选项不符合语境。【句意】他的话最终打消了我的疑虑，我做了正确的决定。11. 翻译题机器人我们正生活在一个机器人承担许多工作的时代。机器人可以制造汽车、驾驶飞机和处理账单。不过这些机器人并不是人形机器。它们的外形并不像我们。它们是特别制造出来代替人做某些工作的机器，可以给它们以任何适宜的外形。机器人的“脑子”是一部电脑，它能够储存指令，并能够控制其它部件。机器人有手臂，能够做人用手干的多种工作。例如，机器人可以在汽车装配线上焊接车身和喷漆。使用机器人比使用工人的优越之处是它们可以不停地长时间工作，它们从不疲劳，而工作的准确性却始终

61、如一。它们可以在人无法忍受的条件下工作，如有高温、有强烈的噪音或是有危险射线的场合，随着机器人数量的增加，它们的制造成本也会下降。尽管机器人正在迅速承担工业中的许多工作，但要在家里做家务活却似乎还差得很远。问题在于即使干一半的家务活也需要有一个非常复杂、非常昂贵的机器人。【答案】Robot12. 单选题My father had returned from his business visit to London when I came in, rather late, to supper. I could tell at once that he and my mother had been

62、 discussing something. In that half-playful, half-serious way I knew so well, he said, “How would you like to go to Eton?”“You bet,” I cried quickly catching the joke. Everyone knew it was the most expensive, the most famous of schools. You had to be entered at birth, if not before. Besides, even at

63、 12 or 13, I understood my father. He disliked any form of showing off. He always knew his proper station in life, which was in the middle of the middle class, our house was semi-detached; he had shrunk from joining the aristocratic Royal Liverpool Golf Club and approached a smaller one instead; though once he had acquired a second-hand Rolls-Royce at a remarkably low price, he felt embarrassed driving it, and quickly changed it for an Austin 1100.This could only be his delightful way of telling me that the whole boarding