Different Views on Marriage in Pride and Prejudice and Emma

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1、傲慢与偏见和爱玛中不同的婚姻观Different Views on Marriage in Pride and Prejudice and EmmaContentsAbstract.1Key words.1I. Introduction.21.1 Introduction to the Author.21.1.1The Authors Growth and Main Works.21.1.2The Authors Fame.21.1.3 The Authors Writing Skills.31.2Introduction to the Story.41.2.1The Contents of

2、the Novels.41.2.2The Theme.5II. Different Views on Marriage and Love in Christians, Pride and Prejudice, and Emma.62.1 Introduction to the Views on Love and Marriage.62.2 Analysis of Different Love and Marriage Views and Display of Their Attitudes toward Love and Marriage.72.2.1 Love and Marriage Vi

3、ews of “Supreme Love.72.2.1.1 Elizabeth Bennet.82.2.1.2 Fitzwilliam Darcy.82.2.1.3 Jane Bennet and Charles Bingley Knightle.92.2.1.4 Emma Woodhouse.92.2.1.5 Mr. Knightley.102.2.1.6 Robert Martin and Smith Harriet.102.2.2 Love and Marriage Views of “ Materialism”.112.2.2.1 Lydia Bennet.112.2.2.2 Geor

4、ge Wickham.112.2.3 Love and Marriage Views of “Opportunism”.122.2.3.1 Mr. Collins.122.2.3.2 Charlotte Lucas.13 2.2.3.3 Mr. Elton.13III. Conclusion.13References.14Different Views on Marriage in Pride and Prejudice and EmmaDifferent Views on Marriage in Pride and Prejudice and Emma摘 要：简奥斯汀是英国文学史上鲜有的负有

5、盛名的女作家之 一她的作品以描写英国小乡镇中产阶级的女士和先生们的言行举止，舞会，茶会和散步野餐等为主尽管取材小，但由于她以幽默和讽刺的语言生动逼真地刻画出了许多令人喜爱并熟知的文学形象，其作品历久不衰其中傲慢与偏见和爱玛是作者的代表作.主题以围绕爱情与婚姻进行.本人从这两部作品的重要人物入手,从他们的语言和自身生活环境出发，来分析他们不同的爱情与婚姻观,并浅谈一些基督教的婚姻观,对它们做一对比.同时对作者的生平和主要作品以及作者的写作技巧进行简要介绍,使我们能更好的了解简奥斯汀极其作品,并能让我们对爱情,婚姻做进一步思考.关键词: 婚姻观; 傲慢与偏见; 爱玛Abstract: Jane A

6、usten is one of rare female novelists in English literature history. Her works mainly deal with behaving and talking manners, balls, tea-parties, walking and picnics of middle class of the ladies and gentlemen in the small town in England. Although the minority the materials she uses, she creates so

7、 many welcome, impressive and eternal figures using humorous and sarcastic language. Pride and Prejudice and Emma are her masterpieces. The themes of the works are spreaded with love and marriage. Id like to present my paper according to the main figures in these two novels, and their distinguished

8、language, living environment will help us to analyse their different views on marriage and love. Also, the paper will include some Christians views on marriage and love and make a comparison with them. Meanwhile, the paper will introduce the life of Jane Austen and her works, and her writing skills.

9、 It will help us make a good understanding of Jane Austen and her works. And it may involve us to think further about love and marriage.Key words: marriage views; Pride and Prejudice; Emma I. IntroductionJane Austen occupies a curious position as a female writer between the eighteenth and nineteenth

10、 centuries. She produces six main novels during her short life. She deals with the daily life and averaged people in her works. Pride and Prejudice and Emma are all her well-known works. They all have distinguished characters and sparkled personalities. In this paper, I would like to write something

11、 about the marriage views of the heroes and heroines in these two books. Also, I will briefly compare these views with marriage views in Christian.1.1 Introduction to the AuthorThis paper mainly deals with Jane Austens two novels, Pride and Prejudice and Emma. Before we discuss them, we must have a

12、general understanding of the author.1.1.1 The Authors Growth and Main WorksJane Austen was born in Steventon, England in 1775, where she lived for the first twenty-five years of her life. Her father George Austen was a rector of the local parish; he was a profound-learning man and taught his childre

13、n by himself. Before she was eleven years old, she studied in a lodge school, by then, she finished self-learning using five hundred books which were collected at her home. She read all Shakespeares play works, English literature history and 18th centurys literary, and she liked Richardsons works be

14、st. Ideal living environment was an important reason of her being a novelist.During her short life, she created six novels in all. However, only her close family knew that she was the author of those novels. Her first novel, Sense and Sensibility was published in 1796. She completed the original man

15、uscript of Pride and Prejudice, which was called First Impressions between 1796 and 1797. But a publisher rejected the manuscript, and the author revised and brought it into final forms until 1809. Pride and Prejudice was published in January 1813, and it was welcomed widely as long as today.Jane Au

16、sten also published four more works: Mansfield Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion. The last two were published in 1818, a year after her death.Jane Austens novels mainly deal with love and marriage. She also set foot in many other aspects such as parish life, social customs, family habits a

17、nd womens psychology. Her works have high literature values and deep social meanings.1.1.2 The Authors FameJane Austen describes the life of the middle class at that time with a sarcastic and meticulous manner. She has a magical ability of representing the daily life, inner world of the people and s

18、o many trifles. “I have for the first time looked at into Pride and Prejudice, and it is really a very pretty thing. No dark pages, ” William Gifford continued approving, “no secret chambers, no wind-howlings in long galleries; no drops of blood upon a rusty dagger-things that should now be left to

19、ladies maids and sentimental washerwoman.” (P49, Rachel M. Browstein, The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen.)Class divisions are noted in family connections and wealth in Austens works. She is often criticized of the assumptions and prejudices of upper class in England. She distinguishes between go

20、odness of person, rank and possessions. Although she frequently satirizes snobs, she also mocks vulgar and polite less behavior of those lower classes. Nevertheless, Jane Austen is in many ways a realist and she depicts England where social mobility is limited and class-consciousness is strong. (P3,

21、 Todays Most Popular Study Guides Pride and Prejudice, Ross Dowthat.)Also Austen successfully describes the things that she is familiar with in her novels, and which is the main task of a novel. Her contemporary well-known novelist Scolt gives her a high praise to Austen: “That lady has a gift of de

22、scribing the people in daily life and humans sensation, and she is also good at identifying the complicated and confused relationships. That is the greatest thing Ive ever known.” (英国文学简史李公昭 著)Meanwhile, Austens novels are always blamed to lack of passion, shallow and coldness. Sharlotte Bront has c

23、omplained, “Jane Austen knows pretty little about the passion, she just presents the superficial life style of moderate and gentle Britishes, but not tries to probe into their ferociously inner world.” (英国文学简史李公昭 著)1.1.3 The Authors Writing SkillsJane Austen is often called the last of the 18th cent

24、ury novelist because of her crisp, controlled studies of manners. The novels of manners pictures in detail the manners and customs of a certain social class. Jane Austen, who is excellent at this form of writing, is indeed one of the greatest of all English novelists. A delightful, almost flawless s

25、tylists, she has devoted admires of her Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Emma and Northanger Abbey among other works. (英国社会与文化，吴斐著， 武汉大学出版社， 2003年11月第一版)Jane Austen also brilliantly demonstrates that violence of incident or emotion is by no means of English fiction in the direction of dom

26、estic realism. Her achievement and reputation are attested by the fact that “she is the only author of her period whose works can be read, and are read today with delight. (A.C.Baugh)One of Jane Austens writing skills is conversation-centered. Jane Austen uses humorous and sarcastic language to fulf

27、ill the vivid characters. The setting of the novel is narrow. But she is good at “using a painting-brush to carve on a two-inches wide ivory.” From the dialogue or conversation, we can easily distinguish the people and their personalities.Another skill is that she arranges the plot in a distinctive

28、way. This can be easily found in Pride and Prejudice. The plot is arranged like dance steps: the beginning of the dance (the meet of Darcy and Elizabeth)-retrograde motion (Darcy misses Elizabeth)-come into contact (the reduction of Darcys pride and the superior of Elizabeths prejudice)-retrograde m

29、otion again (Elizabeth misses Darcy)-dance again (the dispel of the misunderstanding and the unite of the marriage). (陈俊 “试论傲慢与偏见的形式美”，外国文学作品研究2001年第三期)1.2 Introduction to the Story1.2.1The Contents of the Novels Pride and Prejudice mainly deals with the love and marriage of the young members of the

30、 Bennets and two young rich men: Mr. Darcy and Mr. Bingley.Charles Bingley, young, handsome, and rich, rents the manor of Netherfield Park, which causes a great stir in the small village of Longbourn, especially to the Bennets.Mrs. Bennet, a foolish and noisy woman whose only goal is desperate to se

31、e her five daughters get married. Since such a good chance is coming, she strongly believes that one of her girls would catch the eyes of Mr. Bingley. Actually she is right. Mr. Bingley is taken with Jane Bennet who is the eldest and prettiest daughter of Bennets, and he dances only with her for twi

32、ce during the party. Meanwhile, Mr. Darcy, who is the best friend of Bingley is not so lucky. He refuses to dance with Bennets second daughter Elizabeth, which makes everyone think him as arrogant and snobbish.As the time passes by, Mr. Darcy finds himself increasingly attracted to Elizabeths charm

33、and intelligence. At the same time, Mr. Collins pays a visit to Bennets household. He is a young clergyman who will inherit Mr. Bennets property by the law. Mr. Collins is pretentious and ignorant. Though he is quite enthralled by the Bennet girls, he is refused by Elizabeth while he makes a proposa

34、l of marriage to her. He quickly turns to Charlotte Lucas who is Elizas best friend and successfully engaged with her.Meanwhile, the Bennet girls have become friendly with militia officers stationed in a near town. A handsome young soldier named Wickham attracts Elizabeth initially. He cheats Eliza

35、by saying that Darcy cruelly swallowed inheritance, which makes Elizabeth dislike Darcy more.Darcy makes a shock proposal of marriage while they encountered accidentally, which is refused by Elizabeth quickly. After leaving Lady Catherine de Bourgh, Darcy writes a long letter to Elizabeth in which t

36、ells her the truth between Wickham and him.After many turns and twists, Jane and Bingley, Eliza and Darcy are married and live a happy life in the end.Emma is Austens another distinguished novel. She once wrote of Emma that “I am going to write a heroin whom no one but myself will much like.” But th

37、e fact is that Emma has been much loved by generations of readers.As the beginning of the novel said, Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence. She thinks much high of herself and has such a high

38、opinion of her own worth that always imposes her own opinion on others. The story revolves a comedy of errors: She is kind to Harriet Smith, a young woman whose parents are unknown, and attempts to remake her in her own image. Ignoring the gaping difference in their respective fortunes and stations

39、in life, Emma convinces herself and her friend that Harriet should look for a husband that might as high as Emma herself. She chooses Mr. Elton, an ambitious vicar as the perfect match for Harriet. At the same time, she considers she herself and Frank Churchill (the newly arrived son of family frien

40、ds) are enthralled with each other, and thoughtlessly starts a rumor about poor but beautiful Jane Fairfax, the beloved niece of two genteelly impoverished elderly ladies in the village. As Emmas fantastically plan nearly causes a mess situation, Mr. Knightly, the Woodhouses long time friend and nei

41、ghbor changes it rationally. By the end of the novel, all the people get a satisfactory position as they want to.1.2.2 The ThemePride and Prejudice mainly deals with love, reputation and class. It contains one of the most cherished love stories in English Literature: the courtship between Darcy and

42、Elizabeth. As in any love story, the lovers must overcome numerous stumbling blocks to find their true love and the true love can conquer any difficulties from the society. It also contains some other different kinds of love in this novel.The novel also depicts a society in which a womans reputation

43、 is of the utmost importance. A woman is expected to behave in certain ways. Once she steps out the way, she will be blamed and rejected. This theme appears in the novel when Elizabeth walks to Netherfeild with a muddy skirt and which shocks Miss Bingley. At other point, Mrs. Bennets ill-mannered an

44、d ridiculous behavior also brings her a bad reputation with the snobbish Bingleys. But later in the novel, Lydia elopes with Wickham and lives with him out of wedlock, which is the most serious matter for the reputation in authors eye. The class is closely related to the reputation. On the topic, th

45、e author herself is often criticized being a classist: she doesnt really represent anyone from the lower class. She does criticize class structure, but only a limited slice of that structure.Emma is generally regarded as Jane Austens most technically book. Read it to see how a scheming heiress who i

46、s determined not to marry ends up embracing love and growing in maturity without dying or becoming impossibly insipid, the fate of so many nineteenth century heroines. Compared with Pride and Prejudice, Emma is more realistic in content, the exaggerated plot is reduced more, and its structure is mor

47、e serious. As Reginald Farrer once said: while twelve reading of Pride and Prejudice give you twelve periods of pleasure repeated, as many readings of Emma give you that pleasure, not repeated only, but squared and squared again with each perusal, till at every fresh reading you feel anew that you n

48、ever understood anything like the widening sum of its delights. There is an interesting parallel to be drawn here between Emma and her creator, if we accept S.W.Hardings plausible suggestion that Jane Austen herself was as much provoked by her own milieu as attached to it, and that writing novels wa

49、s a way of “finding some mode of existence for her critical attitudes.”(Emma by Jane Austen 外语教学研究出版社) II. Different Views on Marriage and Love in Christians, Pride and Prejudice, and Emma2.1 Introduction to the Views on MarriageJane Austen lives in a society which is dominated by Christians in reli

50、gion. She is a Christian, too. Her novels always reflect love and marriage between youngsters. We cant say that those novels are thought-profound, sensibleness-outstanding, plot-fantastic and scene-excited. As the author said, “ I am writing the matters among three or four families in a village.” Sh

51、e likes to write very common things- affairs, feelings and people in daily life. The themes of the novels always serve for Christians, which means that the views on love and marriage in her novels conform to Christians views to great extent. She also exposes the ugly masks of some clergymen, which c

52、an be seen in this paper. From this point we can also see the braveness of this female author, she challenges the social right and virtues using her attractive works.Compared Jane Austen with Charlotte Bront, two famous female writers, these two ladies display similar theme: love and marriage, but i

53、n a quite different way. Take Jane Arne and Pride and Prejudice for example, Jane Arne uses first person writing manner to hit mans feeling directly. It raises the conscious of awaring and fighting of womans right in a direct way. According to the behavior standard at Victoria Times, Jane Arne has t

54、wo faults: first, she shows her affection to a man volunteerly; second, she refuses the proposal of a man. From the eye of the feminist, Jane Arne surpasses her times greatly, she sets up the consciousness of womans independence in literature. She not only blames the oppress of the man, praises the

55、superiority of the woman; but also reflects the true feeling of woman. Virginia Wolf once praised, “it bravely, honestly seized the womens true feeling.” Controversially, Pride and Prejudice is arranged in a distinctive way: each role is set in their own position, according to which mildly express t

56、he realization of those non-right women. On marriage, they either oppose those who care about financial benefit only, but not care about love at all; or oppose those who only think about love but not concern the living materials and environment. The title Pride and Prejudice itself shows the authors

57、 sensible and justice attitude. It tells readers that to err is human, whatever man or women. Only if they can self-awake, self-criticize, they will know themselves well and fulfill a harmonious and equal relationship finally. This is Jane Austens view on love and marriage. This is the concrete pres

58、entation of values of those believers of classical article of faith at that time.2.2 Analysis of Different Love and Marriage Views and Display of Their Attitudes toward Love and MarriageThe Bible is one of the greatest works in the world. It plays an important role in Christians life. It is the beli

59、ef of the Christian. So when we talk about the views of Christians, we must mention the Bible. Here, according to the Bible, the paper offers three different love and marriage views. They are: view of “supreme love”, view of “materialism”, and view of “opportunism”. And we can see different characte

60、rs and their different views on love and marriage in these three aspects.2.2.1Love and Marriage Views of “Supreme Love”“God created man in the image of himself, in the image of God he created him, male and female he created them.” (Genesis 1:27) This shows the first roots of the idea of marriage, an

61、d expresses the basic goodness of marriage and the fundamental equality of the sexes.The qualities of love are all well known to us, “ Love is always patient and kind-it is ever jealous; love is never boastful or conceited, it is never rude or selfish; it doesnt take offence, and is not resentful. L

62、ove takes no pleasure in other peoples sin but delights in the truth, it is always ready to excuse, to trust, to hope and to endure whatever comes. Love dose not come to the end.” (Corinthians 13:4-7)In the documents of the second Vatican Council, the heart of marriage is described as follow terms,

63、an intimate, partnership, a communion of life and love, the mutual gift of two persons and a conjugal covenant. And there is a strong feeling that the marriage should be forever.There also a term called unconditional love that means that you love somebody no matter what the change circumstances are, e.g., if they are terminally ill, or have financial problems, unemployed, ect. You will still love t