20T吊钩桥式起重机的设计【说明书+CAD】
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重庆科技学院专科生毕业设计 中文摘要摘要 桥式起重机是一种提高劳动生产率重要物品搬运设备,主要适应车间物品搬运、设备的安装与检修等用途。我国生产的吊钩电动双梁桥式起重机额定起重范围为5500t,一般10t以上,起重机有主、副两套起升机构;300t以上,起重机还有三套起升机构。电动双梁起重机由桥架、小车运行机构、大车运行机构和电气设备构成。在系统整体设计中采用传统布局的典型结构,小车运行机构采用集中驱动。起升机构滑轮组采用双联滑轮组,重物在升降过程中没有水平移动,起升过程平稳,且钢丝绳的安装和更换容易。相应的卷绕装置采用单层卷筒,有与钢丝绳接触面积大,单位压力低的优点。在起升机构中还涉及到钢丝绳、减速器、联轴器、电动机和制动器的选择等。小车运行机构中涉及小车轮压计算、小车车轮、小车轨道、减速器、联轴器、电动机和制动器的选择计算等。在起重机控制方面,起升机构用主令控制器和磁力控制屏来实现控制,大、小车运行机构用凸轮控制器直接控制。在控制系统设计中,主要针对起升机构、大车运行机构、小车运行机构电路控制系统的设计及保护电路的设计。利用低压电气元件控制起重机,其使用寿命较长,适合车间恶劣环境。关键词:桥式起重机 起升机构 小车运行机构 电气控制系统II重庆科技学院专科生毕业设计 英文摘要ABSTRACT Bridge crane is a significant increase labor productivity goods handling equipment, primarily to carry goods workshops, equipment installation and maintenance, and other purposes. Chinas production of electrical hook rated double-beam bridge crane lifting the range of 5 500 t, generally more than 10 t, cranes are the main, two sets of lifting300 t above, there are three sets of cranes lifting bodies. Two-electric beam from the bridge crane, the trolley running, traveling mechanism and electrical equipment constituted. The overall design of the system using the traditional layout of the typical structure and operation of institutions used car driven focus. Pulley group or agency from using double-pulley blocks, heavy objects in the process of lifting the level of no movement, or from the process smooth, and the installation and replacement of wire rope easily. Winding installations in the corresponding single reel, a large area of contact with the rope, the advantages of low pressure units. In lifting bodies also involves rope, reducer, couplings, electrical and brake the choice. Vehicles involved in the operation of institutions pressure on the wheels, car wheels, car track, reducer, couplings, electrical and brake the choice of calculation. In the crane control, or from the institutions with the main controller and magnetic control of the screen to achieve control, big and small car cam controller running institutions with direct control. In the control system design, mainly for lifting bodies, traveling mechanism, the car run institutions circuit design and control system for the protection of the circuit design. Use of low-voltage electrical components control crane, a longer service life for workshop harsh environment. Key words: bridge crane hoisting mechanism car agencies operating electric control system重庆科技学院专科生毕业设计 目录目录中文摘要 英文摘要 1绪论 11.1桥式起重机简介 11.2普通桥式起重机的主要组成部分 11.2.2大车 11.2.2小车 11.2.3动力装置和控制系统 11.3普通桥式起重机的运行方式 12设计任务及参数 22.1主要技术参数 22.2起重机工作机构的级别 23吊钩组的设计计算 33.1原始参数 33.2设计步骤 34滑轮组的设计计算 85钢丝绳的选择 116卷筒的设计计算 127钢丝绳在卷筒上的固定 168起升机构的设计计算 188.1原始参数 188.2设计计算步骤 189小车运行机构的设计计算 269.1原始参数 269.2设计计算步骤 2610起重机主梁的设计计算 3610.1桥式起重机主梁的设计计算主要涉及内容 3611安全装置的选择说明 3711.1主要安全装置的说明 3711.1.1走台与栏杆 3711.1.2排障板 3711.1.3小车行程限位开关 3711.1.4起升高度限位开关 3711.1.5大车行程限位开关 3711.1.6缓冲器与挡铁 3711.2小车缓冲器选择计算 3811.3大车缓冲器选择计算 3912 20吨桥式起重机的控制系统设计 4012.1控制电路设计分析 4012.1.1控制对象分析及控制元件的确定 4012.1.2控制系统的基本要求 4012.1.3电动机的工作状态分析 4112.1.4起重机的供电 4312.2起升机构控制电路的工作原理 4412.2.1起升机构控制电路的特点 4412.2.2起升机构电路的保护与联锁 4412.2.3起升机构电气工作控制原理 4512.3小车运行机构电路工作原理 4912.3.1小车运行机构电路工作特点 4912.3.2小车运行机构的电气控制原理 5012.4大车运行机构电路工作原理 5112.4.1大车运行机构电路工作特点 5112.4.2大车运行机构的电气控制原理 5212.5保护电路的工作原理 5312.5.1保护电路的组成 53结束语 55参考文献 56附录1触点状态表 1.1起升机构主令控制器SA触点状态表1.2小车凸轮控制器SA1触点状态表1.3大车凸轮控制器SA2触点状态表附录2电气原理图 2.1起升机构电气原理图2.2小车运行机构电气原理图2.3大车运行机构电气原理图2.4保护电路电气原理图2.5 20t桥式起重机总电气原理图63重庆科技学院专科生毕业设计 1绪论1 绪论1.1桥式起重机的简介 桥式起重机是生产车间、料场、电站厂房和仓库中为实现生产过程机械化和自动化,减轻体力劳动,提高劳动生产率的重要物品搬运设备。它通常用来搬运物品,也可用于设备的安装与检修等用途。桥式起重机安装在厂房高处两侧的吊车梁上,整机可以沿铺设在吊车梁上的轨道纵向行驶,而起重小车又可沿小车轨道(铺设在起重机的桥架上)横向行驶,吊钩则作升降运动。因此,它的工作范围是其所能行驶地段的长方体空间,正好与一般车间形式相适应。1.2普通桥式起重机的主要组成部分1.2.1大车由桥架和大车运行机构组成。桥架:桥架为起重机的金属结构,一方面支撑小车,允许小车在它上面横向行驶;另一方面又是起重机行走的车体,可沿铺设在厂房上面的轨道行驶。在其两侧的走台上,安装有大车运行机构和电器设备,大车运行机构用来驱动大车行走,大车上一般还有驾驶室,用来操纵起重机和安装各机构的控制设备。桥架主要由主梁和端梁组成。设计时要考虑其强度,刚度和稳定性要求,也应考虑自重和外形尺寸要小,加工制造简单,运输,存放和使用维修方便,成本低等因素。1.2.2小车小车由起升机构,小车运行机构,小车架和保护装置等组成。小车架要承受起升载荷和各机构自重,应有足够的强度和刚度,同时又要尽量减轻自重,以降低轮压和桥架受载。小车的电力则由滑线或软电缆引入。设计时要考虑改善零部件的受力情况、减少外形尺寸和自重、安全可靠、工作平稳、装配维修方便等因素。1.2.3动力装置和控制系统动力装置是驱动起重机运动的动力设备,它在很大程度上决定了起重机的性能和构造特点,桥式起重机的动力装置一般采用电动机。控制系统包括操纵装置和安全装置。各机构的启动、调速、改向、制动和停止,都通过操纵控制系统来实现。1.3普通桥式起重机的运行方式 桥式起重机是一种循环的、间隙动作的、短程搬运机械。一个工作循环一般包括上料、运送、卸料及回到原位的过程,即取物装置从取物地点由起升机构把物料提起,由运行机构把物料移位,然后物料在指定地点下放,接着进行相反动作,使取物装置回到原处,以便进行下一次工作循环。在两个工作循环之间一般有短暂的停歇。起重机工作时,各机构经常处于起动、制动以及正向、反向等相互交替的运动状态之中。重庆科技学院专科生毕业设计 2 设计任务及技术参数2 设计任务及技术参数2.1主要技术参数: 最大起重量: 20吨 粱跨度: 31500mm 起升速度: 18 28m/min 起升高度: 14mm 起重机运行速度: 80 95m/min 起升机构运行速度: 40 45m/min2.2起重机工作机构的级别: 起重机工作级别A6; 其中载荷状态为Q2(有时起升额定载荷,一般起升中等载荷);利用等级为T6(总工作循环次数N=,不经常繁忙使用) 起升机构工作级别M6;其中利用等级为T6,载荷状况为L2小车运行机构工作级别M4;其中利用等级为T4,载荷状况L3 大车运行机构工作级别M4;其中利用等级为T4,载荷状况L2重庆科技学院专科生毕业设计 3 吊钩组的选择计算3 吊钩组的选择计算3.1原始参数 机构工作级别:M6, 采用双联滑轮组,倍率: m=4起升质量: = 20 t 起升载荷: 起升速度: 初取3.2设计步骤计算项目计算内容计算结果1.吊钩形式选择吊钩采用倍率m=4的双联滑轮组,故采用长形吊钩组吊钩用普通的短吊钩长形吊钩组 普通短吊钩2.吊钩结构及制造方法的确定选用吊钩断面为梯形的吊钩,其受力情况合理.用锻造方式制造,材料为20钢,机加工前热处理,硬度小于或等于156HBS梯形断面吊钩锻造制造3.吊钩主要尺寸的确定D=160h=180mmB=140mm4.钩身强度计算计算项目12和34断面为危险断面,通常垂直断面34取与水平断面12相同的断面,而最大拉应力约为12断面的50% ,故只验算12面。计算内容 计算结果4.钩身强度计算计算公式: N/ 式中:A断面面积,A=15840断面重心坐标,=65mm断面形状系数,=0.096起升动力系数,=1.56对于20钢,查表得;取安全系数n=1.3,则许用应力为: 钩身验算通过 5.吊钩尾部螺纹直径的确定即=85mm式中: 同上螺纹根部直径材料许用应力查表取梯形圆螺纹:6.确定吊钩螺母尺寸计算项目螺母最小工作高度:H=0.8d=72mm根据实际结构,需设防松螺栓,故取螺母高度为:90mm 螺栓外径D=(1.72)d=153180mm选取D=160mm上式中d为螺纹公称直径,d=90mm计算内容 H=90mmD=160mm计算结果7.选择推力轴承根据所选吊钩螺母尺寸,查表初选推力轴承型号:81124 其额定静载荷=660KN,因轴承在工作时很少转动,只需校验额定静载荷即可。当量静负荷:安全系数,取=1.25 校验通过选择 81124型推力轴承8.吊钩横梁的计算根据滑轮尺寸,吊钩组装置示意图为吊钩梁可看作简支梁,受力图如下:横梁中间断面尺寸如下示: 集中载荷:=L=475mm P1=P2=L=475mm=237.5mmD=106mmB=160mmP=312KN计算项目计算内容 计算结果8.吊钩横梁的计算最大弯矩计算如下: KNm =18.529KNm中间断面的弯曲系数:最大弯曲应力为: 横梁材料为45钢,查表得屈服极限:取安全系数n=3,则许用强度:由 取h=150mmh=150mm9.吊钩拉板强度计算拉板结构尺寸如下图所示,断面AA受拉伸应力,计算如下: 其中 为拉板厚度因拉板材料为A3钢,查表得屈服极限: 取安全系数n=1.7,则许用拉伸应力为:n=1.7计算项目计算内容计算结果9.吊钩拉板强度计算因: mm因轴孔要受挤压应力,则有:取安全系数 n=3.5, 则有 由上可得:取 拉板结构图如下: 14 mmn=3.56.0376mmb=200mmd=120mmh=100mm重庆科技学院专科生生业设计 4 滑轮组的设计计算4 滑轮组的设计计算计算项目计算内容计算结果1.滑轮结构形式及相关尺寸的确定采用铸钢滑轮,因为其强度和冲击韧性好,材料选:2G230450材料2G230450A=63mmB=45mmS=14mmC=37mmR=12mmM=14mm r=3m2.滑轮直径的确定(1) 普通滑轮直径的选择:查表选取D=630mm式中:h与机构工作级别和钢丝绳结构有关的系数,查表取h=22.4 d钢丝绳直径,d=20mm(2) 平衡轮直径的选择:D=630mm3.吊钩组上滑轮轴的计算计算项目 (1)吊钩装置简图如下;计算内容L=475mmL1=78mmL2=112mmL3=95mm计算结果3.吊钩组上滑轮轴的计算计算项目(2).滑轮轴可简化为简支梁,认为作用四个集中载荷受力情况图如下: =78KN =20904弯曲应力为:滑轮轴材料为45钢, 则有: 查手册选取 d=130mm计算内容材料:45钢d=130mm计算结果4.滑轮轴承的选择计算轴承的圆周速度:工作转数:每个滑轮中均采用两个径向滚动轴承,根据滑轮组的选择,查表选用6226型轴承。查表得,额定静载荷: 额定动载荷: 所选轴承的验算: ()验算通过式中:寿命系数,取=2负荷系数,=1.5速度系数,=0.95温度系数,=1轴承径向负荷: =39KN由于, e 因此有当量动负荷:选用6226型轴承=123.2KN 校核通过式中n 为钢丝绳折减系数,取n=0.85钢丝绳最小破断拉力,查手册选取=220KNd=20mm校核通过n=0.85=220KN重庆科技学院专科生毕业设计 6 卷筒的设计计算3.钢丝绳的标记选取钢丝绳为:直径20mm,光面钢丝,结构形式为6西鲁式,纤维芯,抗拉强度为1670,右交互捻,最小破断拉力为220KN,单位长度重量147标记:20NAT619S+FC1670ZS220147GB/T89181996标记:20NAT1670ZS220147GB/T89181996 6 卷筒的设计计算计算项目计算内容计算结果1.卷筒类型的初步选择由于起升高度比较高,根据滑轮倍率和起升速度,采用双联卷筒,标准槽形,用铸造方式制造,材料为灰铸铁 双联卷筒,标准槽,灰铸铁铸造2.卷筒直径的定(1)直径确定:D查手册选用A型卷筒,直径D=400mm式中: h与机构级别有关的系数,取h=20 d钢丝绳的直径,d=20mm(2)卷筒的槽形的选择:查手册,选标准槽形,其尺寸如下:槽底半径R=11mm,槽距,表面精度为1级,标记为:槽形 JB/T9006.11999A型卷筒D=400mmR=11mm表面精度为1级槽形 JB/T9006.119993.双联卷筒长度及壁厚的确定计算项目(1)卷筒上有螺旋槽部分长 =式中:滑轮组倍率, 卷筒计算直径最大起升高度,固定钢丝绳安全圈数,绳槽槽距,=22mm(2)双联卷筒长度L:取L=2500mm计算内容=22mmL=2500mm计算结果3.双联卷筒长度及壁厚的确定式中:卷筒两端的边缘长度根据结构取=70mm固定钢丝绳所需长度中间光滑部分长度根据钢丝绳允许偏角左右,则有:取物装置处于上极限时,动滑轮轴线与卷筒轴线的间距,取=1500mm由卷筒出来的两根钢丝绳引入悬挂装置的两动滑轮的间距: =319mm所选卷筒标记为:卷筒A400左 JB/T9006.21999(3)卷筒壁厚确定 对铸铁卷筒,按经验公式初选:(610)=0.02400+(610) =1418mm取=70mm=66mm取=180mm卷筒A40025001122144左JB/T9006.219994.卷筒强度的计算计算项目因卷筒长度L=2500mm3D=1200mm需计算压应力和弯曲应力。(1)压应力的计算卷筒最大压应力在筒壁的内表面,计算内容计算结果4.卷筒强度的计算计算项目较核通过上式中:钢丝绳最大静拉力 =26288.7N许用压应力抗压强度,查手册=750Mpan安全系数,取n=4.25钢丝绳卷绕节距,=22mm(2) 弯曲应力的计算受力和弯曲简图:因扭转应力很小,故忽略不计。式中:弯矩;=26288.7956.5 =25145141.55NW卷筒断面抗弯模量; =2159690计算内容 校验通过=26288.7N=750Mpan=4.25=22mm=25145141.55 NW=2159690计算结果4.卷筒强度的计算卷筒所受合应力: =35.8MpaMpa 校核通过式中:材料的抗拉强度,=320Mpan安全系数;取n=5=35.8Mpa 校核通过=320Mpan=55.卷筒的抗压稳定性验算验算公式: 式中:n稳定系数;取n=1.5P卷筒壁单位面积受的外压力;受压失稳临界压力;(22.6)=(22.6)2532.5=5.97 满足稳定性要求 满足稳定性要求重庆科技学院专科生毕业设计 7 钢丝绳在卷筒上的固定计算7 钢丝绳在卷筒上的固定计算计算项目计算内容计算结果1固定方法的选择采用压板固定;因其构造简单,装拆方便,便于观察和检查,并安全可靠。其固定形式如下图示:压板固定2绳尾固定处拉力计算计算式如下:式中:钢丝绳最大静拉力钢丝绳与卷筒的摩擦系数,取安全圈在卷筒上的包角;取e自然对数的底数; e=2.718e=2.7183螺栓预紧力计算因选压板槽为半圆形,故:P=4756.4N4螺栓强度验算计算项目= =110MPa校验通过计算内容 ; 满足要求。(3)减速器的验算 最大径向力的验算 许用径向力: 实际传动比=724 r/min a=4=420mmV=20m/min 满足要求=42010.4N计算项目计算内容计算结果2.减速器的选择 满足要求钢丝绳最大静拉力卷筒重力;起升载荷动载系数,取=1.56减速器输出轴端的最大允许径向载荷,取=45600N最大扭矩验算: = 8612.2 =42500 验算通过式中:T钢丝绳最大静拉力在卷筒上产生的力矩减速器输出轴允许的短暂最大扭矩,查手册:=42500 满足要求=1.56=8612.2 54.4KW验算通过式中:电机额定功率; u电动机台数;u=1电动机过载倍数;=3.3H电机有关系数;绕线型H=2.1V实际起升速度 54.4KW验算通过u=1=3.3H=2.1V=19.1m/min计算项目计算内容计算结果3.校验电机的过载和发热机构的效率;取=0.8Q起升机构的总载荷;Q=(2)电机发热校核 =68.385KW =65.26KW校核通过 式中:电机允许输出功率,查表取 P=68.385KW 稳态平均功率 =65.26KW=0.8Q=205KN 校核通过=68.385KW=65.26KW4.制动器的选择制动转矩满足下式要求: =1.2054根据=1.2054;查表得选取YW500/121型电力液压块式制动器;额定制动转矩=11202240;制动轮直径:D=500mm; 转动惯量:式中:制动器制动转矩 制动安全系数;取=1.75 1205.4选取YW500/121型电力液压块式制动器=11202240D=500mm=1.755.联轴器的选择计算项目(1)电机与浮动轴连接处联轴器 电机轴端尺寸:d=95mm(圆锥); L=170mm ; 浮动轴尺寸 :d=95mm计算内容d=95mm(圆锥)L=170mmd=95mm计算结果5.联轴器的选择选取联轴器应满足下式要求: =5328式中:所传递扭矩计算值 联轴器重要程度系数;=1.8角度偏差系数;=1传动轴最大扭矩;(0.70.8) =联轴器许用扭矩根据以上要求,查手册,选用LM12型梅花弹性联轴器;其m ;转动惯量: ; 选用合理联轴器标注为:LM12联轴器MT12aGB/T 5272 2002(2)减速器与浮动轴的连接处联轴器 浮动轴端尺寸:d=95mm减速器输入轴:d=90mm L=170mm制动轮直径:D=500 mm根据以上结构尺寸和T=5328m;选取LMZ11I500型带制动轮的梅花型联轴器;许用转矩:=9000m =5328m选用合理T=1.8=12960选用LM12型 选用合理标注:LM12联轴器MT12a GB/T 5272 2002d=95mmd=90mm L=170mmD=500 mm选取LMZ11I500型带制动轮的梅花型联轴器=9000m 选用合理计算项目计算内容计算结果5.联轴器的选择标注为:LMZ11I500联轴器MT11b GB/T 52722002LMZ11I500联轴器6.起动时间验算计算项目(1)起重时间计算查表 推荐起动时间,=11.5S ; 满足要求式中:电机起动转矩;=1.6 电机静阻力矩 机构运动质量换算到电机轴上的总转动惯量=1.15(7.05+3.715)+=12.749电机转动惯量;=7.05制动轮联轴器转动惯量;=3.715(2)起重加速度计算内容=1.1S=11.5S 满足要求=12.749 =7.05=3.715计算结果7.制动时间验算计算项目(1)满载下降制动时间 = =1.4S 查表取 =11.5S=1.4S =11.5S满足要求式中:满载下降电机转速;取制动器制动转矩;=1500N满载下降时制动轴静转矩; =731.85换算到电机轴上的机构总转动惯量;=12.734 电机转动惯量;=7.05制动轮联轴器转动惯量;=3.715(2)制动平均减速度计算内容=1.4S=11.5S 满足要求=1500N=731.85=12.734=7.05=3.715计算结果8.起升机构的布局1.电动机2.联轴器3.浮动轴4.带制动轮联轴器5.制动器6.减速器7.卷筒8.卷筒支座重庆科技学院专科生毕业设计 9 小车运行机构的设计计算9 小车运行机构的设计计算 9.1原始参数 小车运行速度:V=4045m/min; 选取V=42m/min 起升载荷:Q=200KN;小车自重: =0.35Q=70KNJC=25% ; CZ=600; G=0.89.2设计计算步骤:计算项目计算内容计算内容1.驱动方案初步确定根据原始参数,采用集中驱动,用四轮支撑,车轮选圆柱双轮缘车轮集中驱动双轮缘车轮2.车轮与轨道的选取计算项目(1)车轮轮压计算 小车正常工作时最大轮压(满载时): 小车正常工作时最小轮压(空载时):车轮的疲劳计算载荷:(2)选车轮与轨道根据;查手册,选车轮直径D=350mm;轨道型号:P24 ; 轨道凸顶半径r=300mm;车轮材料:ZG310570;表面淬硬度为300380HBS;(3)车轮踏面疲劳强度校核 =101180N=101.18KN计算内容车轮直径D=350mm轨道P24车轮材料:ZG310570计算结果2.车轮与轨道的选取 101.18KN 校核通过式中:与材料有关应力常数; 查表=0.132 转速系数;=0.97工作级别系数;=0.9R曲率半径;R=300mmm轨道顶与车轮曲率半径之比有关系数;m=0.468 =2.44KW 校验通过式中:电机允许输出容量;=4.629KW 工作循环中,负载稳态功率 G稳态平均系数;取G=0.8选用YZR160M16型电动机=2.44KW 校验通过=4.629KWG=0.85.减速器选择计算项目(1)减速器传动比确定 根据减速器手册,选取 =25上式:电机额定转速;=921r/min车轮转速;(2)减速器选择 计算输入功率: = =7.7KW式中:Z运行机构减速器个数;Z=1因工作级别为M6,则按下式选择: 计算内容取 =25=921r/min=38.22r/min=7.7KWZ=1=15.4KW计算结果5.减速器选择 式中:K放大系数;取K=2 根据=25,P=15.4KW,电机输入转速=921r/min ;查手册,选用QJR23625 VI P , L, JB/T8905.11999减速器高速轴许用功率 :传动比:=25,中心距:K=2=25选用QJR23625 VI C L JB/T8905.119996.联轴器的选择(1)高速轴联轴器选择联轴器公式: 式中:n联轴器安全系数; 取n=1.35刚性动载系数;取=1.8电机额定转矩电机与浮动轴连接处联轴器选择: 电机轴端尺寸,d=48mm(锥形); L=110mm 浮动轴尺寸,d=50mm ; 根据结构尺寸和 查手册,选用LM8型梅花弹性联轴器,其 ;转动惯量 满足要求标注:LM8联轴器GB/T52722002 浮动轴与减速器连接处联轴器选择:浮动轴尺寸:d=50mm减速轴高速轴尺邵阳学院毕业设计(论文)The reasonable of the bridge type derrick chooses to usePeking rises heavy conveyance machine graduate school Xu leiAbstract : Rationally selecting cranes are essential to efficiently using them. This paper presents the principles and methods for selection of overhead travelling cranes , including the selection of basic parameters , construction types and operating conditionsKey words : Overhead travelling crane Selection Principle MethodAlong with modern industrial and quick develop to extend with the production scale, the material transports the expenses is more and more high in the comparison in the production cost.Therefore how right choose to use the derrick reasonably, to increase rate of production, develop the valid function of the derrick well, satisfy the usage requests, lowering the usage cost, increasing economic performance, insure the movement the safety to all have the very important meaning.1 The choice of the basic parameter The main function in derrick in token in basic parameter characteristic of the derrick with homework ability, is a basic basis that derrick exactitude choose to use.The basic parameter of the bridge type derrick includes to rise weight, rises to go up a Class and work speed with across an etc.1.1 Rise weightAllows to rises once when derrick is normal to work the biggest quantity that mourn call the sum settles to rise weight.Mourn the sum that hook the derrick settles to rise the weight does not include to mourn the hook with move pulley set of self-respect.Grasp the cape to account into with the quantity that electromagnetism sucker wait to take the thing the device the sum settles to rise weight inside.Press standard to rule, the bridge type derrick rises what weight series adopt is a R10 to have the initiative the few department, starting from the 312 ts, pressing 1125 ratios pass to increase to 4,5,613,8,10,1215,16,20,25,32,40,50 t.But the current local bridge type derrick product just is tradition according to the production of many years, win election from the above few row a the part constitutes to rises physically weight series.The most in common use series is 5 ts,10 ts,16 ts,20 ts,32 ts with 50 ts.Usually, be to rise weight over 10 t the hour establishes two rises to rise the organization, then the lord rises to rise the organization with vice- Rises to rise the organization, two rise the ratio of the weight roughly 1 4.The lord rises to rise the organization rises the weight is big, rises to mourn heavy goods in order to; vice- rises to rise the organization rises the weight is small, but speed than quick, rises to hang lighter goods or make to lend support to the sex work in order to, to increase the work efficiency.General at the request of mays meet biggest to rises to mourn the heavy thing to make sure to rise with the derrick weight, consider at the same time the term or craft process that turn carry the work of.The derrick disallows to overload the usage, the so that is rises to mourn the thing to usually take place the situation of the variety, the derrick should consider the certain amount of .Under some circumstances, occasionally needs to mourn to carry excess article, can use two pedestal derricks be in conjunction with the homework.Fix in the craft process, rises to mourn the thing weight basic constant, derrick the circumstance that basic capacity load use next, can cancel the vice- rising rise the organization, toing simplify the construction of the derrick, declining low cost.The big tonnage bridge type derrick of the abroad too and is not all take what vice- rising rise the organization, but choose to pack according to the demand.1.2 Rises to rise the high degreeRises to go up a the distance of lead for ising to points from ground to taking the thing equips the tallest rising rises the position.If take the thing equip to need the whereabouts goes to ground below homework, from ground to take the thing the device the lowest descending put the distance of lead of the position calls the bottom puts the depth.At this time the gross rises to go up a the degree is a ground to rises to go up above a the degree puts the depth it down below with the ground with.Rise the choice that rise press homework request highly but settle.The in general use bridge type risesThe heavy machine will rise to go up generally the degree limits in the 20 ms including.Because over a boundary for then wanting in rises to rise the organization special steel wire in adoption rope involution method or enlarging a size, making rising heavy small car arranging appearing difficulty, and enlarging derrick size.Request to the car homework that pack the derrick, in made sure rose went up first degree, should still consider to go together with to belong to of hanged high degree that had with the vehicle, then guarantee derrick can pack the biggest and high product into the car.The ships that used for the derrick pack to unload and should consider the influence that tidewater rise falls.1.3 Work ClassThe place that bridge type derrick install is similar to the term difference of the usage is very big, rose the exploitation degree of the heavy ability with worked the frequency is each not.Use the derrick reasonably for the sake of the economy, need to choose the fit work Class according to the work term of the derrick.The work Class of the bridge type derrick is divided into the A1 A8 totally 8 classeseseseses, can according to the exploitation grade of the derrick with carry the the appearance of carries the the the carries the carries, namely according to the busy degree in usage of the derrick with load down the degree pass calculation is certain.The derrick counts circularly in the period in valid life span total work having certainly.A work circulation of the derrick homework is from prepares to rise to mourn the product start, arriving a whole homework for rises to mourn the product process.The work circulates to amount the exploitation degree of the token derrick.For easy to compute, will work the circulation amount to be divided into 10 exploitations grade within the scope of its possible, seeing the table 1.The load appearance enunciation derrick that carry the importance degree suffers to carry.Carrying the appearance of load has something to do with two factors: A function for is physically rising rising carrying load Qi and sum settling carrying load Qmax it ratio, another is physically rising rising carrying load Qi number of times Ni circulates with work the ratio that amount the N.The name carries the coefficient of load is divided into 4 classeseses, see the table 2, the derrick carries load coefficient KQ can press type calculation:Table 1 the exploitation grade of the derrickMake use of the gradeWorking the circulation amountsUsage circumstanceU01.6 104Dont usually useU13.2 104U26.3 104U31.25 105U42.5 105Usually light free usageU55 105Usually break to use continuouslyU61 106Not usually busy usageU72 106Busy usageU84 106U9 4 106According to KQ that compute the income, the name that can check from the table a carries the coefficient of load .Table 2 derrick names carry the coefficient of load.Carry the appearance of loadThe name carries the load coefficient KQMake use the feeling circumstanceThe Q1 is light01125Seldom rises to hang the sum settle to carry the load ,Rises to hang the light carrying the load generallyQ2 inside0125Sometimes rises to hang the sum settle to carry the load,Rises to mourn generally inside etc. Carry the loadThe Q3 is heavy015Usually rises to hang the sum settle to carry the load,Rises to hang the more heavy carrying the load generallyQ4 with heavy110It is multifarious to rises to hang the sum settles to carry the loadMade sure the exploitation grade of the derrick with carry the load appearance hereafter, can press table 3 the work Class of certain derricks.Table 3 derrick work ClassCarry the loadAppearanceThe name carries the load coefficient KQMake use of the gradeU0U1U2U3U4U5U6U7U8U9The Q1 is light01125A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8Q2 inside0125A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8The Q3 is heavy015A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8Q4 with heavy110A2A3A4A5A6A7A8The in common use work in derrick in type in bridge Class also can according to the table 4 choose Table 4 bridge type derrick work Classes choose to use the for instanceDerrick useWork termWork ClassThe electricity stands, the car drives to rise with the manpower machineLight free in usageA1The electricity stands to use the derrickLight free in usageA1 A3Maintain to use the derrickThe usage is little, the usually light burthen usesA1 A3Car and warehouses use the derrickUsually break to use continuouslyA3Car and warehouses use the derrickBusy usageA4 A5The heavy work car uses the derrickHeavy usageA6Goods field、Anticipate field Use the derrickGrasp grap or electromagnetism sucker type, busy usagesA6The metallurgy factory cast, clips the derrick of pincersThe usage is multifarious and load down the usageA7The metallurgy factory takes off tablet, add to anticipate the derrickThe usage is multifarious and heavy to carry the usageA81.4 The work is flat-outThe work speed of the bridge type derrick includes to rise to rise the speed, the small car circulates the speed circulates the speed with big car.The flat-out choice in work is decided by various factors.Have something to do with rising weight first, inside, small rise the derrick of the weight choose to use the high speed to increase rate of production, big rise the derrick of the weight is proper to choose to use the low speed the since low driving the power, the steady that increase to circulate with safety.The work speed still is decided by the work Class to request with the usage, working the Class is high and usually use, request the high derrick in rate of production chooses to use the high speed; the work Class is low and used for the work organization eligibility that adjustment circulate uses the low speed; used for only the equipments install to is in addition to choosing to use the low speed with the derrick that maintain, can also according to demand, adopt double soon( quick, slow soon), tiny soon or adjust soon.The adoption changes the frequence adjust to can be made soon work speed at 1 a regulates arbitrarily.Work the speed return to have something to do with the service space size of the derrick, circulating the road grow, rises to go up a big and proper choose to use the high speed.When the derrick circulates the road shorter, the not proper adoption is super-speed, the in order to prevent dids not start to complete and then start the system moves.But along with modern industrial development, do large quantity turn the derrick that carry the work to adopt gradually the super-speed a derrick for, installing maintaining using large quantity adoption adjusts soon.To the derrick of the some special function, if used for the derrick of the work a fire homework, should have the fleetness descent device; big rises to rise the high derrick in addition to should appropriately increasing rises to rise speed, it is also heavy to carry to adopt the low speed and get empty to carry the adoption high speed, or adopt the measure acquire the higher descent the speed, with increase rate of production.1.5 Across degreeThe level distance of the big car in derrick in type in bridge movement orbit center line calls to across degree.The derrick acrosses a width for being decided by the service space primarily, useding for the derrick in the factory premises across a width for being decided by the building.For making across a degree the parameter series turns, bridge type derrick of in common use across the degree is each to a the class, the concrete number sees the table 5.Rise weight a derrick for below to should each factory premises across a hoist for having the two kinds of acrossing a value, in the factory premises above beam to stay the circumstance of the safe passage up to use the small value down.Such as at there is an on same orbit above of derrick, also there is a derrick for below, the derrick acrosses a rises for by the an above heavy machine chooses ?When same across the inside has two layer derrick, the number inside the watch is applicable to the upper level derrick only, the bottom layer derrick acrosses a value in response to for integral times of the 015 ms.When across the degree not agree with to match the form inside a row number hour belong to the special design derrick generally.Table 5 bridge type derricks across a series The factory premises acrosses degree9121518212427303336The derrick acrosses degreeRise weight3The 50 ts of 7.510.513.516.519.522.525.528.531.571013161922252831Rise weight80-250 161922252831342 The choice of the structure formFit bridge in choice, rise heavy small car, manipulate the way with take the thing equips the etc., can make bridge type derrick under every kind of particular gearing size with the homework method satisfied the usage the request betterly.2.1 BridgeThe bridge is a metals construction loading corpus.The bridge of the bridge type derrick contain single beam bridge with 2 typeses: a beam bridge, from a root or two main beams with locate to across an one for each of both sides carry the beam constitutes.While rising the weight a circumstance for below, work Class lowerly, acrossing aly smallerly, circulating the speed request to be not high, the derrick is not multifarious to use, the general eligibility uses single beam bridge.This kind of single beam derrick usually adopts the electricity moves the bottle gourd conduct and actions rises to rise the organization, for this reason construction tightly packed, self-respect and light, the price is too lower.Under the other circumstance the eligibility chooses a beam bridge, the stability likes, suffering the dint term like, circulating the function too better.For satisfying the structural request in building in particular factory premises, the form of the bridge can adopt the homologous variety.General circumstance next, main beam with carry the way that beam adopt level conjunction, manufacturing simple, adjust convenience, see figure 1 a.Sometimes the factory premises constructs the construction already certain, for satisfying to rise weight with rises to go up a request, while rising the extremely high circumstance in heavy small car, can adopt the main beam descend the cave form, seeing figure 1 b.Sometimes for the sake of high degree that lower the factory premises hoist beam, alleviate to the best the factory premises construct the construction weight, canning adopt the main beam with carry the beam do not wait the high conjunction method, seeing figure a 1 d.2.2 Rise heavy small carFigure 1 main beam with conjunction method that carry the beamRise heavy small vehicle-use come to realizes the rise and fall that rises mourn the thing with along bridge a work for of movement, its function directly affecting whole pedestal derrick function.On the general adoption in derrick in type in bridge in a beam the place type rises heavy small car, loading the ability is big, circulating steady, but the shape size is big.This kind of rises the heavy small car top arranges the electric motor and decelerate generally the machine, book constitutes of rising and rising organization.For lowering the building the high degree, the alleviation holds with dignity, simplifying the construction, canning adopt the electricity move bottle gourd the conduct and actions rises to rise the organization.The electricity moves whole machine of the bottle gourd bridge type derrick hold with dignity to lighter than the former 30% or so, the more suitable for factory premises construct to the high degree and a circumstance for pressing limit settling, now abroad already large quantity uses.The single beam derrick usually adopts the electricity moves the bottle gourd conduct and actions rises to rise to circulate the organization with the small car, and hang the lower part in single beam.This kind of construction is more agile, self-respect and lighter.But the bottle gourd descends to place and would affect to rise to go up degree.Sometimes construct the high degree in the factory premises low, but want again to increases to rise to rise possibly the high circumstance descend, the eligibility uses the low building high degree gives or get an electric shock to move the single beam in bottle gourd derrick.This kind of derrick moves the bottle gourd to the electricity to settle the flank in single beam, attaining the increment rises to rise the high purpose.This kind of derrick need to be taken extreme measure, moving to the hang type electricity the bottle gourd need the increment goes together with the heavy toing hold the balance, but also increased to hold with dignity; small car in another adoption side hang type, also can make use of the space effectively, but the small car construction sophisticates, will return to the main beam the affixture a twists the T .2.3 Manipulate the wayAdopting rises weight big, work Class high, circulate flat-out and quick derrick, very much the driver room manipulates the way, toing insure the movement the safety.The driver room usually all fixs in bridge a side of.If the derrick acrosses a very big, under the situation of rises to mourn the homework complicacy, can choose to use the driver room with rise form that heavy small car exercise together.Sometimes return the eligibility use the driver room can is ambulatory along the main beam as ones pleases of form, operate more convenient.Circulate the speed in the derrick slow, the route of travel is short, the work is not busy, and request the driver to hang, take off the circumstance of the hook directly; in the factory premises low and short or the ground equipments is high, cant install the circumstance of the driver room; have the harmful air in the factory premises upper part, cant can adopt under the situation of derrick ascending manipulating the ground manipulate.The ground manipulates the movement speed of the derrick generally not over 45 ms/ min.The ground manipulates the hand electricity door is fixed, the hand gives or get an electric shock the door moves with the small car, the hand gives or get an electric shock the door moves a few methods as ones pleases, can choose to use according to the demand.Because the adoption ground manipulates have the electric cable connect with each other, operating must follow behind the derrick exercises, therefore can also adopt the lead-in control from a distance to manipulate the way, including red and outside light or wirelesses control from a distance, making derrick manipulated more vivid convenient.This kind of manipulate the way to have got the extensive adoption abroad.2.4 Taking the thing equipsThe choice takes the thing device fitly, producing to the safety with increases to produce the efficiency have the important meaning.Because the bridge type derrick packs the object category that unload the product numerous, have results to show a piece, spread a grain with the etc. of the liquid, their physics function with several why each of shape is characteristic.Pack to unload the work for the sake of orientation various product, take in common usely the thing equip to mourn the hook, grasp the cape , electromagnetism sucker, ring and tie to have, clip the pincers , vacuum sucker and anticipate the cape , prosperou
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