新课标高考英语艺考生文化课UnitEighteen课件

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1、Unit Eighteen.重点词汇必背重点词汇必背 每个单元20个，其中重点单词15个，重点短语5个。.核心词汇运用核心词汇运用 从本单元的重点词汇中选出核心单词7个和核心短语3个进行了精讲。.语法突破语法突破 对高考的各语法知识点进行精讲，并对该考点进行分析和训练。或.题型突破题型突破 对高考中的题型的进行分析，对它的解法进行归纳，并对该题型进行针对性训练。.作文模板必背作文模板必背 针对高考各话题列出模板，供考生记忆。一、重点单词一、重点单词1.forbid fbid v.禁止；不许禁止；不许 2.force f:s v.强迫，迫使；夺取强迫，迫使；夺取 n.力；力量；势力；威力；武力力

2、；力量；势力；威力；武力 3.foreign f:rn adj.外国的外国的4.forget fget v.忘记；遗忘；忘掉忘记；遗忘；忘掉 5.forgive fgiv v.原谅，宽恕原谅，宽恕 6.fortunate f:tnit adj.幸运的；侥幸的幸运的；侥幸的7.fortune f:t:n n.大量财产；运气；财富；成功大量财产；运气；财富；成功 8.freedom fri:dm n.自由自由 9.freeze fri:z v.（使）结冰；（使）凝固；（使）冻僵；愣住；冷藏；冻结（使）结冰；（使）凝固；（使）冻僵；愣住；冷藏；冻结 10.frighten fraitn v.使惊恐，

3、吓唬使惊恐，吓唬11.function fkn n.作用，功能；职责作用，功能；职责 v.运转，起作用运转，起作用12.furniture f:nit n.（总称）家具；装备（总称）家具；装备 13.garage gra:n.汽车修理厂；汽车库；汽车间汽车修理厂；汽车库；汽车间14.gather g v.聚集，采集，收集聚集，采集，收集15.generous denrs adj.慷慨的；宽大的；大方的；丰富的慷慨的；宽大的；大方的；丰富的 二、重点短语二、重点短语16.get on well with sb.与某人相处融洽与某人相处融洽 17.get to 到达到达18.give up 放弃，

4、戒掉放弃，戒掉 19.glance at 看一下，瞥一眼看一下，瞥一眼 20.go shopping/swimming购物、游泳购物、游泳 构词 forbiddance n.禁止，禁令禁止，禁令用法 forbid sb.to do 禁止某人做禁止某人做 Forbidden City 紫禁城，故宫紫禁城，故宫例句 I forbid you to call me late at night.我禁止你在深夜给我打电话。我禁止你在深夜给我打电话。操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)这间办公室禁止吸烟。这间办公室禁止吸烟。Smoking _ in this office.(2)我

5、的父母不许我在外面过夜。我的父母不许我在外面过夜。My parents _ me _ stay out at night.(3)他不许离开国家。他不许离开国家。He _ from leaving the country.Keys:(1)is forbidden (2)forbid,to (3)is forbidden一、重点单词1.forbid v.禁止；不许 2.force v.强迫，迫使；夺取强迫，迫使；夺取 n.力；力量；势力；威力；武力力；力量；势力；威力；武力 构词 forceful adj.有力的，强烈的有力的，强烈的用法 force sb.to do sth.强迫强迫做做 com

6、e into force 开始生效，开始实行开始生效，开始实行例句 No power on earth could force me to do it.谁也不能强迫我做这事。谁也不能强迫我做这事。操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)如果有必要的话，我们会用武力解决这个问题。如果有必要的话，我们会用武力解决这个问题。Well settle the problem _ if necessary.(2)新法规下月实施。新法规下月实施。The new law _ next month.(3)农业劳动力正在不断减少。农业劳动力正在不断减少。The farm _ is runnin

7、g down steadily.Keys:(1)by force (2)comes into force (3)labor force3.forget v.忘记；遗忘；忘掉忘记；遗忘；忘掉 构词 过去式过去式:forgot 过去分词过去分词:forgotten/forgot forgetful adj.健忘的；疏忽的健忘的；疏忽的forget-me-not 勿忘我（花）勿忘我（花）用法 forget doing sth.做了某事而把它忘记了做了某事而把它忘记了 forget to do 要做而忘记做要做而忘记做例句 That was a moment that I shall never fo

8、rget.那个时刻我永远不会忘记。那个时刻我永远不会忘记。操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)我几乎忘记付电话费用。我几乎忘记付电话费用。I almost _ pay the phone bill.(2)我忘了我做过作业。我忘了我做过作业。I _ my homework.Keys:(1)forget to (2)forgot doing 4.fortune n.大量财产；运气；财富；成功大量财产；运气；财富；成功 构词 fortunate adj.幸运的，侥幸的幸运的，侥幸的 fortunatelyadv.幸运地，侥幸地幸运地，侥幸地 fortune-teller算命者

9、算命者用法 make a fortune 发财发财 try ones fortune 碰运碰运例句 Ye Bo had made a fortune in beef.叶波靠卖牛肉发财了。叶波靠卖牛肉发财了。操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)他在另一个城市碰碰运气。他在另一个城市碰碰运气。He _ in another city.(2)他梦想发大财。他梦想发大财。He dreamed of _ a fortune.(3)他真是一个幸运儿。他真是一个幸运儿。He is really a _.Keys:(1)tried his fortune (2)making (3)ch

10、ild of fortune5.freedom n.自由自由 构词 free adj.自由的；免费的自由的；免费的v.释放；使自由；使摆脱释放；使自由；使摆脱 freelyadv.自由地自由地用法 struggle for freedom 为自由而斗争为自由而斗争 freedom of speech 言论自由言论自由 set sth.free 释放释放例句 Please set the bird free.请把鸟放掉吧。请把鸟放掉吧。操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)约约翰翰布朗为争取自由而献出自己的一切。布朗为争取自由而献出自己的一切。John Brown devo

11、ted himself to the struggle _.(2)他不能自由地选择他自己的事业。他不能自由地选择他自己的事业。He was not _ choose his own career.(3)他的年老双亲无忧无虑。他的年老双亲无忧无虑。His elderly parents are _ care.Keys:(1)for freedom(2)free to (3)free from6.freeze v.（使）结冰；（使）凝固；（使）冻僵；愣住；（使）结冰；（使）凝固；（使）冻僵；愣住；冷藏；冻结冷藏；冻结 n.冷藏；冻结冷藏；冻结构词 过去式过去式:froze 过去分词过去分词:fro

12、zen 用法 freeze to death 冻死冻死 freeze with cold 冷得结冰冷得结冰 freeze with fright 吓呆吓呆例句 I will freeze the fish and save it for later.我要把这条鱼冻上，留着过后吃。我要把这条鱼冻上，留着过后吃。操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)退休工人要求冻结物价。退休工人要求冻结物价。The retired workers demanded a _ prices.(2)低温会把我的花冻死。低温会把我的花冻死。The low temperature will _ my

13、flowers.(3)警卫喊道：警卫喊道：“不许动。不许动。”The guarder shouted,“_”.Keys:(1)freeze on (2)freeze (3)Freeze 7.frighten v.使惊恐，吓唬使惊恐，吓唬构词 frightened adj.受惊的受惊的frighteningadj.令人恐惧的；令人害怕的令人恐惧的；令人害怕的用法 frighten sb.to death 把某人吓得要死把某人吓得要死 be frightened at/with/by被某一突然出现的人或物所惊吓被某一突然出现的人或物所惊吓例句 The child was frightened by

14、 the fierce dog.那个小孩被恶狗吓坏了。那个小孩被恶狗吓坏了。操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)这真是一场令人恐惧的经历。这真是一场令人恐惧的经历。Its really a _ experience.(2)这个受惊的孩子紧紧地抓着妈妈的胳膊。这个受惊的孩子紧紧地抓着妈妈的胳膊。The _ child gripped his mothers arm.(3)他们百般恫吓，依然无效。他们百般恫吓，依然无效。They tried in vain to _ him _ threats.Keys:(1)frightening (2)frightened (3)fri

15、ghten,with二、重点短语二、重点短语比较 arrive in/at.=reach=get to 到达到达 get to know 增进增进(彼此间的彼此间的)了解了解例句 Keep straight on until you get to the church.一直朝前走，就到教堂了。一直朝前走，就到教堂了。操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。填入适当的词使句子完整。(1)你必须准时赶到车站。你必须准时赶到车站。You must _ the station on time.(2)你一旦了解她，就喜欢她了。你一旦了解她，就喜欢她了。Youll like her once you _ her.(

16、3)让我们言归正传。让我们言归正传。Lets _ the point.Keys:(1)get to/reach/arrive at (2)get to know (3)get to8.get to 到达9.give up 放弃，戒掉放弃，戒掉 比较 abandon 强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫 的，也可能是自愿的。的，也可能是自愿的。give up 普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。例句 You ought to give up smoking;I gave it up l

17、ast year.你应该戒烟，我去年就戒掉了。你应该戒烟，我去年就戒掉了。操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。填入适当的词使句子完整。(1)那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。Those who _ themselves to despair can not succeed.(2)医生们已放弃了治愈她的希望，而她却恢复得很好。医生们已放弃了治愈她的希望，而她却恢复得很好。The doctors had _ her _ but she made a remarkable recovery.(3)她不会轻易放弃的，因为她是真正的战士。她不会轻易放弃的，因为她是真正的战士。She wont

18、 _ easily for shes a real fighter.Keys:(1)abandon (2)given,up (3)give up10.glance at 看一下，瞥一眼看一下，瞥一眼 比较 glance through 浏览浏览 glare at 向人瞪眼，怒目而视向人瞪眼，怒目而视 stare at 凝视凝视例句 He glanced at the envelope and recognized his uncles handwriting.他瞥了一眼那个信封，认出是他叔父的笔迹。他瞥了一眼那个信封，认出是他叔父的笔迹。操练 填入适当的词组使句子完整。填入适当的词组使句子完整

19、。(1)她羞怯地偷看了他一下，随即垂下眼帘。她羞怯地偷看了他一下，随即垂下眼帘。She _ shyly _ him and then lowered her eyes.(2)盯着别人看是不礼貌的。盯着别人看是不礼貌的。It is rude to _ other people.(3)他们站在那，互相怒视着对方。他们站在那，互相怒视着对方。They stood there,_ each other.Keys:(1)glanced,at (2)stare at (3)glaring at一、定语从句的概念及关系词二、关系代词引导的定语从句概念概念关系词关系词作用作用一个句子在句中做定语，一个句子在句

20、中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，这修饰一个名词或代词，这个句子就叫做定语从句。个句子就叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。叫关系词。关系代词关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as引导定语从句；代替先引导定语从句；代替先行词；在从句中作主语、行词；在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。宾语或定语。关系副词关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句；代替先引导定语从句；代替先行词；在从句中作状语。行词；在从句中作状语。关系代词关系代词修饰修饰句子成分句子成分which物物主、宾主、宾that物物主、宾主

21、、宾人人主、宾主、宾who人人主、宾主、宾whom人人宾宾whose物物定定人人定定三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词关系副词修饰修饰句子成分句子成分when时间时间时间状语时间状语where地点地点地点状语地点状语why原因原因原因状语原因状语【注意】关系副词一般可以用“介词+关系代词which”替换。四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句定语定语从句从句分类分类 形 式形 式上上意义上意义上关系词的使用上关系词的使用上限 制限 制性 定性 定语 从语 从句句主 从主 从句 之句 之间 没间 没有 逗有 逗号号是先行词是先行词不可缺少不可缺少的 定 语的 定 语,不能删。不能删。作宾语时可省略

22、作宾语时可省略;可用可用that;可用可用who代替代替whom作宾语。作宾语。非 限非 限制 性制 性定 语定 语从句从句主 从主 从句 间句 间用 逗用 逗号 分号 分开开只是对先只是对先行词补充行词补充说 明说 明,删删后意思仍后意思仍完整。完整。作宾语时不可省略作宾语时不可省略;指物时只用指物时只用which;指人作宾语时只指人作宾语时只用用whom。五、关系代词作介词宾语的定语从句介词和介词和关系代关系代词引导词引导的定语的定语从句的从句的几种情几种情况况情况情况介词可提前介词可提前:动词和介词分开动词和介词分开,意思清楚。意思清楚。介词不能提前介词不能提前:动词和介词分开没有原词组

23、的意思。动词和介词分开没有原词组的意思。介词介词+关系代词关系代词which常用来代替关系副词。常用来代替关系副词。some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few+of+关系代词表关系代词表“其中其中的的”。六、关系代词as,which引导非限制性定语从句的对比 差异差异共同处共同处在非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语在非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子。代表前面整个句子。不同处不同处as引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句,可放在主句前可放在主句前,或后或后,甚至可放在中甚至可放在中间间;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句

24、后。引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后。as有有“正如正如,正像正像”之意。之意。先行词有先行词有such,the same修饰时修饰时,常用常用as。七、定语从句和同位语从句的对比定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句从句意思不完整。从句意思不完整。从句意思完整。从句意思完整。that是关系代词是关系代词,代替先行词代替先行词,在从句中作在从句中作主语或宾语。主语或宾语。that是连词是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充不充当句中任何成分。当句中任何成分。从句修饰先行词从句修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定对先行词加以限定,描述描述定语的性质或特征。定语的性质或特征。从句

25、说明名词的内容。从句说明名词的内容。that作宾语时可省略。作宾语时可省略。that不能省略。不能省略。几乎任何名词都可以带定语从句。几乎任何名词都可以带定语从句。一般只有抽象名词才能带同位语从句。一般只有抽象名词才能带同位语从句。八、关系代词that和which的用法对比that/which通用处通用处不可通用处不可通用处用用that的情况的情况 修饰物修饰物,在定在定语从句中作语从句中作主语、宾语主语、宾语 先行词是先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除除外外),few,all,none,little,some等时。等时。先行词有先行词有eve

26、ry,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时。等修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词有先行词有the very,the only,the same,the last等修饰时。等修饰时。先行词既有人先行词既有人,也有物时。也有物时。先行词前面有先行词前面有which疑问词时。疑问词时。关系代词在从句中作表语时。关系代词在从句中作表语时。在非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中。用用which的情况的情况 作介词宾语时。作介词宾语时。一个句子中若有两个定语从句一个句子中若有两个定语从句,一个用一个用that引导引导,另一个则用

27、另一个则用which引导。引导。【定语从句高考考点分析】【定语从句高考考点分析】下面是近几年高考题对定语从句的考查。通过这些题下面是近几年高考题对定语从句的考查。通过这些题,我们来分析一下定语从句的我们来分析一下定语从句的用法和考点主要分布情况。用法和考点主要分布情况。1.(2014年全国卷年全国卷)Maybe you leave a habit 67 is driving your family crazy.【分析分析】that/which。关系代词关系代词that/which在定语从句中作主语在定语从句中作主语,先行词是先行词是a habit。2.(2015年全国卷年全国卷)Id skip

28、ped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65(painting).【分析分析】64.that/which。关系代词关系代词that/which在定语从句中作主语在定语从句中作主语,先行词是先行词是the limestone mountain tops and dark waters。3.(2016年全国卷年全国卷 )Bu

29、t my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.【分析分析】65.when。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句,先行词是先行词是the mid-1980s。【定语从句高考考点分析】【定语从句高考考点分析】4.(2017年全国卷年全国卷)Li

30、ke anything,it is possible to have too much of both,70 is not good for the health.【分析分析】70.which。考查非限制性定语从句。句意考查非限制性定语从句。句意:很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐,那对那对健康没有好处。分析可知健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句为非限制性定语从句,先行词先行词为前文中的为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填。故填which。5.(20

31、18年全国卷年全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes.【分析分析】66.which/that。考查定语从句。先行词是前面中的考查定语从句。先行词是前面中的a study在定语从句中作主在定语从句中作主语语,故填故填which/that。从近几年的高考题中可以看出从近几年的高考题中可以看出:定语从句的基本用法要掌握定语从句的基本用法要掌握,既考关系代词既考关系代词,也考关系副也考关系副词。注意复习定语从句中的句子成分。词

32、。注意复习定语从句中的句子成分。【定语从句【定语从句同步练习同步练习】用适当的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。1.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only 1.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planetplanet life has developed gradually.life has developed gradually.where where(引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语。引导定语从句并

33、在从句中作地点状语。)2.Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school2.Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.I met in the English speech contest last year.whowho(引导定语从句并在从句中作引导定语从句并在从句中作metmet的宾语的宾语,先行词是表示人的先行词是表示人的st

34、udents,students,故用故用关系代词关系代词whowho。注意。注意:先行词与关系代词之间被先行词与关系代词之间被in my schoolin my school分隔开了分隔开了,要注意分要注意分辨。辨。)3.As a child,Jack studied in a village school,3.As a child,Jack studied in a village school,is named after his is named after his grandfather.grandfather.which which(引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句,并在定语

35、从句中作主语并在定语从句中作主语,先行词是先行词是village village schoolschool。)4.I refuse to accept the blame for something4.I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone elses was someone elses fault.fault.thatthat(引导定语从句并在从句中作主语引导定语从句并在从句中作主语,先行词先行词somethingsomething指事物指事物,多用多用thatthat。)【定语从句【定语从句同步练习同步练习】5.That

36、s the new machine5.Thats the new machine parts are too small to be seen.parts are too small to be seen.whose whose(引导定语从句并在从句中作定语引导定语从句并在从句中作定语,意思是意思是“这台新机器的零部件这台新机器的零部件小得看不清小得看不清”,”,故用故用whosewhose。)6.I saw this beautiful girl,6.I saw this beautiful girl,smile just melted me and almost smile just me

37、lted me and almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.whose whose(引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句,指指“那个女孩的那个女孩的”微笑。微笑。)7.The long history of the Chinese Knot dates back to ancient 7.The long history of the Chines

38、e Knot dates back to ancient times times people first used knots for fastening,wrapping,hunting people first used knots for fastening,wrapping,hunting and fishing.and fishing.whenwhen(引导定语从句引导定语从句,指代指代ancient timesancient times。)8.They will fly to Washington,8.They will fly to Washington,they plan t

39、o stay for two or they plan to stay for two or three days.three days.where where(先行词为地点名词先行词为地点名词,并在定语从句中作状语。并在定语从句中作状语。)【定语从句【定语从句同步练习同步练习】9.This is the very book9.This is the very book I am looking for.I am looking for.that that(先行词由先行词由the verythe very修饰事物时修饰事物时,只能用关系代词只能用关系代词thatthat。)10.All 10.

40、All glitters is not gold.glitters is not gold.that that(先行词是指物的先行词是指物的allall时时,关系代词只能用关系代词只能用thatthat。)11.Ill never forget the day11.Ill never forget the day I spent my holiday in Hawaii.I spent my holiday in Hawaii.whenwhen(先行词是表示时间的词先行词是表示时间的词,且在定语从句中作状语且在定语从句中作状语,相当于相当于on on which,which,故用关系副词。故用

41、关系副词。)12.Ill never forget the day 12.Ill never forget the day I spent there.I spent there.which/thatwhich/that(虽然先行词是表示时间的词虽然先行词是表示时间的词,但在定语从句中作但在定语从句中作spentspent的宾的宾语语,故用关系代词。故用关系代词。)【定语从句【定语从句同步练习同步练习】13.The school13.The school I I learned English was very large.learned English was very large.wher

42、e where(先行词是表示地点的词先行词是表示地点的词,且在定语从句中作状语且在定语从句中作状语,用关系副词。用关系副词。)14.The school14.The school I visited yesterday was very large.I visited yesterday was very large.which/thatwhich/that(虽然先行词是表示地点的词虽然先行词是表示地点的词,但在定语从句中作但在定语从句中作visitedvisited的的宾语宾语,故用关系代词。故用关系代词。)15.Can you tell me the reason15.Can you te

43、ll me the reason you were absent today?you were absent today?whywhy(先行词是先行词是reason,reason,在定语从句中作状语在定语从句中作状语,相当于相当于for which,for which,故用关故用关系副词系副词whywhy。)16.The reason16.The reason he gave for not coming was that his mother he gave for not coming was that his mother didnt allow him to.didnt allow h

44、im to.which/thatwhich/that(先行词虽然是先行词虽然是reason,reason,但在定语从句中作但在定语从句中作gavegave的宾语的宾语,故用故用关系代词。关系代词。)高考话题：合作产生力量高考话题：合作产生力量-三个臭皮匠胜过一个诸葛亮（演讲稿）三个臭皮匠胜过一个诸葛亮（演讲稿）Ladies and gentlemen,Its my honor to give a speech here.In my opinion,this proverb“Two heads are better than one”means making things easier by t

45、eamwork,which reveals the significance of cooperation.Once we were given a complicated physics problem and were expected to work it out whatever the way was.Naturally，everyone in our class was eager to be the first to finish it.Considering that I was good at identifying the physical principles and m

46、y friend Joe was better at performing complex calculations,we decided to work together.Magically，we solved the problem efficiently and even were better than the top student who chose to work alone.This experience really impressed me a lot.So always keep in mind that cooperation not only contributes to greater working efficiency but also explores our potential.Thank you!(108 words)