英语四级写作指导与训练.ppt

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1、范文赏析与方法技巧,period 2,Writing Skill,基础薄弱如何进行英语四级写作训练,英语四级写作备考可分为四大步骤：一、 背诵：首先认真研究历年四级写作真题，分析近年来四级写作的出题规律和考试重点，从语言、结构、 内容三大层面，认真研读经典写作真题范文：语言方面学习范文中的精彩词汇、词组、句型；结构方面学习范文的框架结构、内在逻辑、关联词、同义替换和代词替换；内容方面学习范文的论点、论据和论证。同时背诵精彩写作范文，要求滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善，扎扎实实提高自己的写作实力。二、默写：背诵熟练之后默写下来，仔细对照原文，会发现你默写的文章与原文有一些语法、拼写、标点的区别，这

2、些区别就是你的写作弱点，学习关键在于针锋突破，不要全面出击。这些弱点正是你在考试中扣分的原因所在，把这些弱点意义克服，分数自然就会提高。,三、 中译英：首先将写作真题范文译为中文，或参考范文的正确译文，然后进行中译英的工作，根据自己的理解把中文译为英文，最后对照英文原文，你会发现你的译文与原文存在较大的差别，这些差别正是你写作低分的症结所在。同样的一个中文句子，仔细对比一下你使用了哪些词汇、词组和句型，原文使用了哪些，这样你的写作水平才会逐渐提高。四、 写作：进行完上述工作之后，在考前必须进行写作的工作，只有动笔写作，才会发现自己的问题。可以写510篇真题或模拟题，模仿自己曾经背诵过的精彩词汇

3、、词组、句型、框架和范文，写出一篇新的文章。最初不要求速度，但考前一定要进行模考，半小时写出一篇120150词的文章。写完之后仔细修改其中的语言错误，将其改的更加精彩。英语写作基础不太好的四级考生，必须按照上述步骤严格进行；基础较好的考生学习顺序正好相反，首先写作，直接写作英语四级真题；其次中译英，在研读原文之前，进行中译英的工作，译完对比，找出差距；然后背诵；最后默写。同时可以准备自己的写作框架，应用文和论说文分别形成固定的写法，积累精彩句型。,写作技巧,一、写作实用绝招据不完全统计，全国每年有1000万左右的考生参加四、六级英语考试，比叙而言阅卷老师则少之又少，他们需要在短时间内批阅多达几

4、十万份考生试卷，可谓是工作量大、时间紧。据统计，四、六级作文平均阅卷时间仅为十几秒，如何在极有限的时间内贏得阅卷老师的青睐是有诀窍的。1.好的开始是成功的一半考生一拿到试卷不要急着下笔就写，而应该花上3-5分钟的时间冷静地想想，开头应该怎么写，中间应该怎么举例论证，最后又该如何收尾等。时间允许的话，最好能先列出大概提纲以及关键词语或句型，这样才能做到心里有数，不至于写到一半时出现短路现象。2.清晰整洁至关重要清晰整洁的卷面和流畅的书写至关重要，甚至有时候决定整个文章的分数高低。卷面清晰整洁会使阅卷老师眼前一亮，留下深刻的印象，因此写作文时一定要书写工整，段落分明，标点清楚。通常情况卞，内容一般

5、而卷面整洁清晰的试卷会获得相对较高的分数，而内容较好卷面书写涂草的试卷反而会被扣分。,3.字数限制心中有数作文评分栝准中，字数也是一个要求。四级规定字数不少于120，而六级为150，因此考生切记要在规定的范围内完成文章。这就必须遵循一个原则，意思表达完整，逻辑连接合理，避免跳跃性，同时也不能写得太长。写得越多，你的弱点也就暴露得越多，这样反而会适得其反。4.奖励分“缁珠必较”CET作文题采用总体评分（Global Scoring)方法。阅卷老师就总的印象给出奖励分(Reward Scores)，因此考生要想打动阅卷老师让他/她给你高分，首先文章的总体结构要合理、完整，符合大纲要求，同时句子与句

6、子、段落与段落之间的衔接一定要紧密，符合逻辑顺序。5.小细节不放过CET作文不以语言点的错误数目扣分，但是一些明显的低级语法和拼写错误会给阅卷老师留下非常不好的印象。即使你的作文整体非常好，但也可能不会给你高分，这就是因小失大。因此，写作过程中一定要十二分地注意小细节。,二、写作中应注意的问题1、单词拼写、标点符号 单词拼写错误可以说是最常出现的问题。正确拼写单词是英语学习者最重要的基本功。考生在复习的准备阶段就要注意单词的正确拼写形式，避免在考试中犯这种不必要的错误。另外，在检查单词拼写的时候还要注意首字母大小写的问题。标点符号也是考生容易疏忽的问题，有的考生习惯在英文作文中使用中文标点（特

7、别应注意的是，英文中没有顿号）；有的考生会混淆问号的用法（考生必须牢记，对于疑问句要使用问号，但如果问句出现在从句中，则需用句号）。2、人称、时态、主谓的一致性在一句话、一个段落，甚至一篇文章中，人称要始终保持一致，不能一会儿用第一人称，一会儿又用第三人称。时态和主谓关系也是一样，如果弍章是议论文，一鵃用一般现在时；而描述文常常用过去时描述已发生的事情。在一个句子中，表示同时发生或并列关系的两个或多个谓语动词的时态应该保持一致。考车在检查的过程中应注意这些。,3、可数名词和不可数名词如：people表示“人民，人们”时是不可数名词，而表示“民族，国家”时则为可数名词。4、冠词、代词的用法关于冠

8、词，考生常犯的错误是乱用the。the多表示一个(些)特定的或前面已经提到的人或事物，还可用在专有名词、独一无二的名词及最高级等之前，如：the Great Wall。关于代词，有时候会出现指代不清的错误，考生在检查时要注意这一点。5、词组和短语的固定搭配对于一些常见的词组和短语，有固定的搭配，不能随意更改，例如：for the sake of意为“为了”，不能把for换成in。6、句子完整性在写作过程中，时间紧迫可能导敢出现句子残缺的情况，造成句子不完整，检查时也需注意。,.,2011年作文,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minu

9、tes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 2. 网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3. 我的建议,范例1,Online Shopping Online shopping, as an act of buying products and services over the Internet, is growing in popularity

10、ever, which has been significantly shocking our lifestyles. Many individuals favor this kind of shopping because of its ease. But like any other newborn device, people may unconsciously expose themselves to the threat from it by incaution. For those who work for lengthy hours, the internet offers th

11、em much convenience. First of all, they do not have time to visit the store during regular trading hours, while online retailers allows orders twenty-four hours a day. As well, online shopping gives the customers the facility to compare prices and features of the products thanks to the detailed prod

12、uct description. In most occasions, the items are cheaper than online than in the conventional stores, making it an appeal to most people. While there are numerous advantages of online shopping, there are also threats and fears regarding this way of shopping. Information security is the key concern.

13、 Online payment may not be so secure because of identity theft. Another problem of online shopping is encountering misleading and false product information. In my viewpoint, online shopping is a double-edged sword. Buying on reputed online stores is a good solution to ensure the pleasure and comfort

14、 of the internet shopping.,范例2,With the development of the Internet and the popularization of computers, shopping on the Internet has become a commonplace in our life. Here consumers can buy almost everything they need. Shopping on the Internet has a lot of advantages, of which the most important is

15、 perhaps its convenience. People dont have to waste a lot of their energy and precious time to go from one shop to another to choose the commodities they like. This is especially desirable to the old, the sick and the busy people who cannot go to the shops in person. The goods come in all shapes, si

16、zes and colors on the Internet. All they need to do is to sit in front of their computers and click the mice. The commodities they order will be delivered to them promptly. However, shopping on the Internet also has its disadvantages. The first disadvantage is that the consumers cant see the goods o

17、r try them on personally. Sometimes, the real goods may not be the same as what they have seen on the computer. The second disadvantage is that some shops on the Internet are not registered. They will never deliver anything to you after they get the money from you. Once cheated, you will find that y

18、ou have nowhere to go to complain.,例3Doing Shopping Online,With the development of the Internet, shopping is no longer a tiring thing. Just click your mouse to choose the articles you like, and the purchase is done. You dont even have to step out of the room. It seems all easy and quick. However, pe

19、oples opinions vary on this trend. Some believe that on line shopping is time and money saving. With plentiful selection options, they can buy whatever they like at any time convenient. Still others insist that mis-purchasing alone is annoying enough, not to mention the credibility of the sellers an

20、d the safety of their accounts. In my opinion, the convenience and excitement of on line shopping is beyond all doubts. In the meantime, we must always bear in mind that certain traps do exist, so wed better make sure the sellers are trustworthy before buying. In addition, we should also guard ourse

21、lves from the potential hackers who might steal our account information.,例文4,A retailer looking to expand their business or attract more customers doesnt invest in shinier posters to put outside the shop or better TV commercials. Smart retailers know that the eyes of their consumers are glued to the

22、 computer screen. Online stores are rapidly becoming one of the most popular places to go for clothes, books, home appliances, and even food. Customers not only save time by being able to browse multiple stores at once, but also enjoy the added benefit of reading product reviews. Some, however, stil

23、l prefer the traditional Saturday afternoon of window shopping, dashing in and out of fitting rooms, and stopping for an afternoon coffee. They find shopping in stores more social, and relish the chance to try the clothes on before buying them. Shopping online is certainly not for everyone. I find m

24、yself with a foot in both camps. I enjoy the convenience of scanning Amazons best sellers, and love that they can offer me personalized recommendations based on my previous searches. However, nothing beats curling up in a comfy armchair on a Sunday afternoon in the bookstore around the corner and pa

25、ging through stacks of books to create my summer reading collection,One of the controversial issues today is online shopping. According to a recent survey，a large number of consumers are in favor of online shopping as it has become a trend. In this essay, I will discuss the positive and negative eff

26、ects of this issue and offer my own view on it. On the positive aspect, one of the most significant advantages is that online shopping brings customers so much convenience that it is widely recognized as much more time-saving than traditional shopping. Moreover, online customers have access to commo

27、dities of such a huge variety and number. Perhaps the primary advantage is that they have the opportunities to compare prices of a product offered by different retailers. On the negative aspect, there is a good chance of buying a defective product, as they cannot examine the quality when shopping on

28、line. Whats more, there exist some dishonest and incredible online retailers who may do further damages to buyers interests. As far as Im concerned, the benefits of online shopping greatly outweigh its drawbacks. People should make better use of shopping and bypass its negative effects. People can n

29、ever be too careful when shopping online.,写作训练1,1. 志愿者活动 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Volunteering activities. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1、越来越多的人从事志愿者工作 2、志愿者工作的社会意义 3、

30、作为大学生，应该怎么做,范文,In recent years, the volunteering spirit has spread among the Chinese people, especially among youngsters. According to a survey, in 2008, there were about 1,700,000 volunteers who offered service for Olympic Games. Actually, an increasing number of people become volunteers every year

31、 in China. Volunteering actions are of tremendous benefits to both those in need and the society. Olympic Games are a good example. As is known to all, volunteers played an active role in Beijing Olympic Games. Without them, it would be a tough task to hold this un-precedent Olympic Games. Therefore

32、, we can say that it was those volunteers who ensured the success of these games. As modern college students, we should get actively involved in volunteering activities. By participating, we can learn how to work well in a team, how to improve our interpersonal skills and organizational ability. Und

33、oubtedly, all of these are critical for our person growth. So, we should take this chance to learn and to grow. (161words),写作训练2,Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Private School？You should write at least 150 words following the outline given bel

34、ow in Chinese: 1.当前，社会上有很多私立学校和培训学校； 2.私立学校的利与弊考试用书 3.你的看法,范文： It can be noticed that a large number of private schools or training organizations become a new landscape in education. When you read newspapers, when you watch TV, when you walk on the road, you will inevitably see lots of advertisement

35、s about private schools. There are private schools mainly dealing with foreign languages, computers, music and sports.However, is it a good or bad thing to have so many private schools? As a coin has two sides, so are the private schools. On the one hand, private schools can meet the special needs o

36、f the society or the particular requirements of people. On the other hand, they often bring people extra burden because of comparison and competition. When asked to decide whether we should have a society without private schools or a society with private schools, I will not hesitate a moment to pref

37、er the latter. Although attending a training course will result in the extra cost or burden, it is of tremendous merits in preparing my work and cultivating my skills.,作文训练3,Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Celebrities as the products spokesmen

38、？You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1、明星代言现象很普遍。 2、明星代言广告存在一些问题。 3、我的看法。,Celebrities as the products spokesmen In the contemporary society, it is very common for celebrities, or the so-called superstars, to be spokesmen or representatives for a wide var

39、iety of products. Celebrities advertisements can be easily found on the Internet, televisions, newspapers, magazines and even on the walls of some buildings. There are, however, some problems for celebrities and the consumers. To begin with, before representing, a star may know nothing about the pro

40、duct. Thus, consumers may be misled. Even worse, for the sake of money, some stars advertise for items with low quality, even for fake commodities. In the case of Sanlu, the public image of stars involved was spoiled. Last but not least, the high income of advertising does not deserve their labor, w

41、hich widens the gap between the poor and the rich. From my point of view, it is high time that measures were taken to eliminate the demerits. Firstly, laws should be worked out to regulate celebrities advertising. Secondly, stars should be required to tell the truth to the public. Only by doing so can stars be trusted by their fans and can consumers benefit,see you!,