专项技法-英语-新课标-人教版.ppt

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1、新课标人教版,课件编辑说明,本课件是由精确校对的word书稿制作的“逐字编辑”课件，如需要修改课件，请双击对应内容，进入可编辑状态。 如果有的公式双击后无法进入可编辑状态，请单击选中此公式，点击右键、“切换域代码”，即可进入编辑状态。修改后再点击右键、“切换域代码”，即可退出编辑状态。,技法1完形填空技法之首句理解 技法2完形填空技法之行文逻辑 技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现 技法4完形填空技法之搭配习惯 技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解,目 录,专项技法,技法6阅读理解技法之主旨大意 技法7阅读理解技法之词义猜测 技法8阅读理解技法之推理判断 技法9阅读理解技法之篇章结构 技法10应用文写作之建议

2、信 技法11应用文写作之申请信 技法12应用文写作之投诉信,目 录,技法13应用文写作之邀请信 技法14应用文写作之电子邮件 技法15应用文写作之通知 技法16应用文写作之倡议书 技法17应用文写作之演讲致辞 技法18应用文写作之招聘启事 技法19记叙文写作之图画叙事,目 录,技法20记叙文写作之人物介绍 技法21说明文写作之地理介绍 技法22说明文写作之图画、图表说明 技法23议论文写作之陈述观点型、正反观点型、说明利弊型 技法24开放类写作,目 录,技法1完形填空技法之首句理解,返回目录,技法1完形填空技法之首句理解,首句是了解文章全貌的窗口。一般来说，记叙文类的文章的首句会交代4个W(w

3、hen，where，who，what)，说明文类的文章的首句会解释要说明的对象，议论文类的文章的首句会提出一个论点。首句往往是整篇文章的统领句，概括了整篇文章的中心和写作意图。而且每段的首句通常有承上启下的作用，是文章发展过程中的重要线索。细读首句可以判断文章体裁，预测文章大意和主旨。读懂首句可以帮助考生建立正确的思维导向，对理解全文起着至关重要的作用。所以在仔细阅读了首句后，应快速阅读全文，确定文章的体裁、主旨和结构。,返回目录,例 12013江西卷 (节选)Diane Ray was completely self-centred and very spoilt. Her parents

4、gave her 36 she wanted, knowing that she would throw a temper tantrum(耍小孩脾气) if they did not. She would scream and kick and 37 on the floor drumming her heels. Her parents always 38 36. Aeither B. neither C. nothing D. everything 37. A. jump B. lie C. spin D. sleep 38A. set out B. set in C. gave in

5、D. gave out,返回目录,技法1完形填空技法之首句理解,点睛 本文为记叙文。文章一开始寥寥数语就刻画了一个任性、喜欢一意孤行的女孩形象，接下来的几空均是围绕女孩的个性特点来展开故事情节的。因此句首词汇completely self-centred and very spoilt是解决本节答案的关键点，也是贯穿全文的核心词汇。 36D由第一句可知Diane Ray非常自私并且被宠坏了，因此父母应该给她一切她想要的东西。,返回目录,技法1完形填空技法之首句理解,37B句意：如果她的要求得不到满足，她就会尖叫、踢打以及躺在地上敲打着她的脚后跟。故选B项，其余三项不合常理。 38C句意：她的父

6、母总是屈服。由前文知道她总发脾气，让父母没办法，所以父母只好屈服。give in意为“屈服”，符合语境。,返回目录,技法1完形填空技法之首句理解,例 22013四川卷 (节选)“Look, its Baldy！”a boy shouted in my direction across the playground. Even though I was used to regular insults (侮辱)because of the 11 on my head，it was 12 horrible to hear. I sighed as I headed back to the class

7、. 11A. hat B. scarf C. scars D. cuts 12A. still B. just C. never D. seldom,返回目录,技法1完形填空技法之首句理解,点睛本文为记叙文。根据文章首段信息可知，作者已经“习惯了那些受侮辱的”语言并且“叹气地”离开，由此不难预测文章可能是关于作者“秃头”原因的小故事。 11C根据下文描述可知，热油烫伤了“我”的头，让“我”变成了秃头，留下了伤疤。hat帽子；scarf围巾，头巾，披巾； scar疤，伤痕，创伤；cut伤口，一块儿，肉片。 12A根据下文“我”叹着气走回教室可知，作者“仍然”害怕听到那种侮辱。故选择still“仍

8、然”。just仅仅，才；never决不， 从未；seldom很少， 不常。,返回目录,技法1完形填空技法之首句理解,【活学活用】2013福建卷 (节选) We have been driving in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now. The little seaside villages are 36 ， one by one. “There is my grandmothers house，” I say, 37 across the bay to a shabby old house. I am in Nova Scotia on

9、a pilgrimage (朝圣) with Lise, my granddaughter, seeking roots for her, retracing (追溯) 38 memory for me. Lise was one of the mobile children, 39 from house to house in childhood. She longs for a sense of 40 , and so we have come to Nova Scotia where my husband and I were born and where our ancestors 4

10、1 for 200 years.,返回目录,技法1完形填空技法之首句理解,36A. appearing B. moving C. exposing D. expanding 37A. referring B. travelling C. pointing D. coming 38A. shared B. short C. fresh D. treasured 39A. passed B. raised C. moved D. sent 40A. home B. duty C. reality D. relief 41A. built B. lived C. remained D. explor

11、ed,返回目录,技法1完形填空技法之首句理解,解析本文讲述了一位老奶奶带着孙女回到老家她们祖先生活的地方，去寻根访祖，追忆乡思，从而引发感慨的故事。文章一开始就交代了故事发生的时间、地点及事件，接下来讲述了事件的经过和结果。 36A雾慢慢散去之后，海边的小村庄就显露出来了，才有后文说到的“房子”。appear “出现”，只有A符合句意。 37C“我”指着港湾对面的一座破旧的房子说。point to 意为“指向”， 句中为现在分词短语作伴随状语。 refer to “查阅，有关，适用于”，不符合语境。,返回目录,技法1完形填空技法之首句理解,38Dtreasured意为“宝贵的”。对作者来说回家

12、乡是追忆宝贵的儿时记忆。 39C前文提到Lise是一个不断“移动的”小孩，即她到处漂泊，所以经常“搬迁”，move最能体现此意。 40ALise 和她奶奶回家乡的目的就是寻根访祖，就是要找到她的“家”， 只有home才符合文章的中心思想。 41B她们的祖先在那里已经生活200年了。只有live 符合语境。,返回目录,技法1完形填空技法之首句理解,技法2完形填空技法之行文逻辑,返回目录,技法2完形填空技法之行文逻辑,完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它看作一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项填空。做题时要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。完形填空的

13、首句或前几句话一般都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，为理解文章大意和主要内容提供必要的线索。此外，完形填空是具有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段及各句之间都有逻辑上的必然联系，因此还要注意把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清段与段、句与句之间的逻辑关系。 答题时，考生首先要树立起语篇概念，抓住文章主题思想，理清其结构布局，,返回目录,技法2完形填空技法之行文逻辑,明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系，利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，while等)；转折关系(连接词有but，however， nev

14、ertheless等)；因果关系(连接词有so，therefore，thus，because, for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词或短语有though，although，despite, in spite of等)；条件关系(连接词或短语有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解释关系(连接词或短语有i.e.，that is to say, in other words等)；顺序关系(连接词有before，after，and，first，second，then，next, finally等)。,返回目录,一、因果关系 例 1 2013

15、山东卷 (节选)I thought I was smarter than everyone else, so I hardly ever talked to anyone in my classes. By the end of my first semester, I was really _ Acareful Blonely Ccurious Dguilty 点睛 B上一句提到“自以为比别人聪明”，所以不与同学交流，从而感到孤独。此处hardly ever talked 与lonely存在逻辑上的因果关系。careful仔细的；curious好奇的；guilty有罪的。,返回目录,技法2完

16、形填空技法之行文逻辑,例 2They tell the story of a mother whose baby grows _ and pale and has changed so much that it is almost unrecognizable to the parents. Aill Bslim Cshort Dsmall 点睛 A选项中ill与文中pale是因果关系，即因为“生病”，所以脸色才会“苍白”，故选A。,返回目录,技法2完形填空技法之行文逻辑,二、同类关系 例 3 2012山东卷 (节选)The Mullers soon realised that food an

17、d clothing werent enough. “What these people also need is warmth and _，” says Rita. Afame Bfreedom Ccourage Dcaring 点睛 D 文中warmth与选项中caring存在同类关系。Muller夫妇意识到仅仅为这些无家可归者提供食物和衣服是不够的，他们还需要温暖和关心。fame名誉，名声；freedom自由；courage勇气； caring关心,关爱。该空要根据连词and和其所连接的“warmth”判断。“温暖”和“关爱”并列，故选D。,返回目录,技法2完形填空技法之行文逻辑,例 4

18、2013浙江卷 (节选)While travelling was inspiring and meeting people was _，nothing about my term in France was what I expected. Aboring Bupsetting Cexciting Dpromising 点睛 C从inspiring可以推知，这是非常令人兴奋 的事情，故只有exciting能表达同一语境氛围。boring乏味的；upsetting令人情绪低落的；promising有前途的。,返回目录,技法2完形填空技法之行文逻辑,三、相对关系 例 5 2013新课标全国卷 (节

19、选)It runs in the family.Michaels father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier. Michael Greenberg feels the same.A pair of gloves may be a _ thing,but it can make a big difference in winter. Asmall Buseful Cdelightful Dcomforting 点睛 A此处是对上文的总结：一副手套可能是一件小(small)事情，但是在冬天却会有很大的作

20、用。此处small与make a big difference存在相对关系。,返回目录,技法2完形填空技法之行文逻辑,四、转折关系 例 62012重庆卷 (节选)Eventually, I was touched by this land of wonder. _，my parents showed no interest in my garden. AInstead BHowever CTherefore DBesides 点睛 B根据该空后的my parents showed no interest可知此处表示转折。,返回目录,技法2完形填空技法之行文逻辑,例 7 2013天津卷 (节选)

21、It was a challenging time for everyone, _ Dad remained optimistic.He continued to be grateful for other things like good health and food on our plates. Aor Bfor Cso Dbut 点睛 D空格前的“a challenging time”与空格后的“optimistic”构成转折关系，即对别人来说是一个具有挑战性的时刻，而作者的父亲依旧保持着乐观。,返回目录,技法2完形填空技法之行文逻辑,【活学活用】 1The boy wasnt muc

22、h of a fruit-eater, preferring a bar of chocolate if given the choice, _，as they say, the forbidden fruit can be tempting. Seeing the apple, the boy wanted it. Aso Bthen Cbut Dor 答案C,返回目录,技法2完形填空技法之行文逻辑,2Nobel was upset to find out not that he had died, but that, when his time was up, he would be th

23、ought of only as one who profited from _ and destruction. Adeath Bdisease Ctrouble Dattack 答案A,返回目录,技法2完形填空技法之行文逻辑,3The poverty(贫困)was worse than anything my young companions had ever imagined. Back in the hotel, an air of sadness settled over the group. Many _ and cried. Agave up Bbroke down Cset o

24、ff Dheld on 答案B,返回目录,技法2完形填空技法之行文逻辑,4Its not easy being a teenagernor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or _ by what you say without realizing it yourself. Adismissed Bmisunderstood Cmisled Dsatisfied 答案B,返回目录,技法2完形填空技法之行文逻辑,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,返回目录,技法3完

25、形填空技法之词汇复现,词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。,返回目录,一、原词或同根词复现 原词或同根词复现是指相同的单词或同根词在原文中反复出现，达到衔接文章的目的。 例 1 The smokers _ a lot. In fac

26、t, the nonsmokers who must breathe the air polluted by tobacco smoke may suffer more than the smokers themselves. Asuffer Bendure Ctolerate Dbear 点睛 A句中suffer为前后复现的词汇。以上两个句子是对应的。第一个句子所缺的动词可以由第二个句子中的动词，即“suffer”来推测，前后动词一致，答案应该是A。,返回目录,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,二、同义词或近义词复现 同义词或近义词复现是指意义相同或相近的单词在原文中反复出现，以达到衔接文章的目

27、的。在做完形填空试题时，就可以利用这种衔接方式找到要填入单词的同义词或者近义词，从而也就找到了试题的答案。这也包括了同源词复现，即相同词根构成的不同词性的单词在文章中反复出现。,返回目录,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,例 2 2012江西卷 (节选)As I watched several people go by, get into their cars and drive off, I _ an old man on a bicycle with a bucket on its handle and a basket of rags and bottles on its backcarri

28、age. Anoticed Brecognized Ccalled Dassisted 点睛 A句中watched与noticed是同义词复现。“我”应该是注意到(noticed)了一个老人,返回目录,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,例 32013浙江卷 (节选)Once I knew that I was going, all I could think about was the fun of foreign travel and making all sorts of new and _ friends. Astubborn Banxious Cuniversal Dinteresting

29、 点睛 D句中fun和interesting是同义词复现。语境: “我”想象到的就是交到一些新朋友，一些有意思的朋友。故用interesting“有趣的，有意思的”。stubborn意为“固执的”；anxious意为“焦虑的”；universal意为“普遍的”。,返回目录,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,三、反义词复现 反义词复现是指和前文中词义相反的单词在原文中出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。我们可以利用这一衔接手段在文章中寻找要填入单词的反义词。 例 4 2012江西卷 (节选)He wasnt well-dressed. He had on a pair of shorts and a(n)

30、_ T-shirt. Aattractive Bshiny Csimple Dexpensive 点睛 C句中well-dressed与选项中simple基本上是一对反义词。因此，由空前的“He wasnt well-dressed.”可知，他穿着简单。,返回目录,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,例 52013浙江卷 (节选)I love how people can seem so different, but end up being so_ Agenerous Bindependent Csimilar Ddistant 点睛 C从前文的different知，虽然人们看起来是多么不同，但最

31、终却又如此相似(similar)，故选C项。此处different与similar是一对反义词。,返回目录,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,四、结构复现 有时空格处的信息并不局限于与前一句中某个信息点的重复，可能是与前几句中的某个信息点的重复，也不局限于同词复现或同义复现，甚至连句式结构都非常类似。 例 6Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is 1 for children to work at home in their free time. 2 , they

32、argue that most teachers do not 3 plan the homework tasks they give to pupils.,返回目录,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,1A.unnecessary Buninteresting Cunfortunate Dunimportant 2A.Nevertheless BHowever CTherefore DMoreover 3A.considerably Bfavourably Cproperly Dpleasantly,返回目录,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,点睛 排比结构由“Many people now thin

33、k thatThey say thatthey argue that”所组成。在 意义上表现了人们(学生家长)对学生课业负担过重的抱怨。该结构中所设置的三个空格的正确填入，要求考生首先把握结构所体现的“主题”抱怨作业太多。其次，要求考生理解三句之间在表达意义上的递进关系,即作业过多“too much homework”；所以，课余时间学生在家做作业是没必要的“unnecessary”；不仅如此,教师对作业的设计也不恰当“not properly”。故答案分别为1.A2.D3.C。,返回目录,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,【活学活用】 1“Take a bite of each one. See

34、 if that helps you decide which one is which.” He took _， and then a huge smile came across his face. Abig bites Bdeep breaths Ca firm hold Da close look 解析 A利用原词复现解题。根据前面“Take a bite of each one”可知，这里是他咬了几大口。故A正确。,返回目录,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,2I remember as a child I said something _ about somebody, and my

35、father said, “Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, its a reflection of you.” Aunkind Bunnecessary Cunimportant Dunusual 解析 A利用同义词、近义词复现解题。句中的unpleasant意为“令人不快的”，选项中只有unkind与之同义。,返回目录,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,3Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesnt _ your money; i

36、t only tightens it. Aloosen Bweaken Cdecrease Dreduce 解析 A利用反义词复现解题。前后两部分互为解释，一为肯定，一为否定，为反义词复现。从下文的tightens可以判断，上文应该是loosen。,返回目录,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,4Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie in the students. If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students t

37、o be familiar with the information in the readingWhen research is _， the professor expects the students to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance. Acollected Bassigned Cdistributed Dfinished,返回目录,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,解析 B利用同根词复现解题。该部分作者通过两个例子说明，应该由学生负责自己的学习，都是从“布置作业”方面解释，说明布置阅读作业时要求学生如何

38、；布置研究作业时又该要求学生如何。两个例子概念类似，可以确定选B。,返回目录,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,5Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess. _， he would join student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture, diving, mathematics. AAs a matter of fact BLater on COther times DIn general 解析 C利用结构复现解题。此处 sometimes与 other

39、times 是结构上的同现关系，故选择C项。,返回目录,技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现,技法4完形填空技法之搭配习惯,返回目录,技法4完形填空技法之搭配习惯,英语语言中的很多词汇均以短语搭配的形式出现，完形填空中的词汇也不例外。很多时候，在分析语境、理清空白处含义的基础上，利用对词汇前后搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断完形填空的未知信息。所谓前后搭配主要是指动词(名词、形容词等)与介词的搭配、动词与其宾语的搭配、句式结构和各种习惯搭配。在解答完形填空题时，充分考虑这些搭配关系，有助于我们做出正确选择。,返回目录,一、动介搭配 例 1 2013辽宁卷 (节选)As she got off her b

40、ike and put it against the gate post, she focused on the path _ to the house and then on the house itself. Agetting Bintroducing Cleading Dmoving 点睛 C此处lead与to搭配，意为“通往”。根据句意可知C项正确。,返回目录,技法4完形填空技法之搭配习惯,二、动宾搭配 例 2 2012课标全国卷 (节选)It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into _. Aplace Baction

41、Cplay Deffect 点睛 A此处get与into place搭配，意为“把归位”。 作者是健康人，刚坐到轮椅上不会驾轻就熟，所以即便将脚蹬归位这样简单的动作，也竟然用了很长时间。,返回目录,技法4完形填空技法之搭配习惯,三、介词搭配 例 32013福建卷 (节选)I could never have enough of being _ them. However, that was long after those childhood days. Aby Bfor Cwith Dto 点睛 C本句表达了作者思念亲人的心情，意 为：“我”与亲人们在一起，时间再久、次数再多也不嫌多。be

42、with sb与某人在一起。,返回目录,技法4完形填空技法之搭配习惯,四、句式搭配 例 42013安徽卷 (节选)Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes _ youre much less likely to make them again. Aif Band Cbut Dbefore 点睛 B本句是一个常用句型“祈使句and陈述句”，表示条件和结果的关系。,返回目录,技法4完形填空技法之搭配习惯,五、句型搭配 例 5I havent had a phone in the house for three weeks now, and its seve

43、ral days _ I used a phone box last time. Aas Bwhen Cif Dsince 点睛 本题考查的是“its时间段since”句型,意为“自从已(多长时间了)”。,返回目录,技法4完形填空技法之搭配习惯,六、习语搭配 例 62013江西卷 (节选)“You should mind your own _！” Diane replied and walked into the gentle waves. Abusiness Bswimsuit Cfriends Dparents 点睛 A由前文信息可知，她应该是说“你少管闲 事”。mind ones own

44、 business意为“少管闲事”，符合语境。,返回目录,技法4完形填空技法之搭配习惯,【活学活用】 1Intellectual Property(IP)(知识产权)is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept _ back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP was passed. Aholds Bdates Csets Dturns 答案 B,返回目录,技法4完形填空技法之搭配习惯,2It was a beautiful letter, but th

45、ere was no way, except for the name Michael, to identify the owner. Maybe if I called the information centre, the operator could find a phone listing for the address on the envelope. Actually, I took great _ to find both Hannah and Michael, who still remained single. Apains Brisks Cactions Dcautions

46、 答案 A,返回目录,技法4完形填空技法之搭配习惯,3Participating workplaces let employees wear jeans on October 5 for an MYM5 donation. “Its a real way for everyone to feel like theyre making a _，” says the Emmy-winning actress. Adifference Bdecision Cfriend Dprofit 答案 A,返回目录,技法4完形填空技法之搭配习惯,4If someone else wishes to repre

47、sent the idea or develop it further, he/she must consult the original artists, who will normally be _ financially for its use. Arewarded Bpraised Cawarded Dpunished 答案 A,返回目录,技法4完形填空技法之搭配习惯,5Strangely enough，she soon dreamt that she was a world-famous chef(主厨)She made a _ and wore diamonds and desig

48、ner clothes. Adecision Bfortune Cbusiness Dplan 答案 B,返回目录,技法4完形填空技法之搭配习惯,技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解,返回目录,技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解,文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：1.一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例极少。

49、2.语言转述型。,返回目录,技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解,这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上充分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。3.语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上，通过上下文来进行分析、判断、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题，分数比例很大。4.是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”(三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。,返回目录,技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解

50、,5.事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事情发生、发展的正确顺序。 一、细节理解题主要的设题方式有： 1Which of the following statements is TRUE (NOT true)? 2Which of the questions has not been mentioned (or discussed) in the passage? 3What is the reason that？ 4How did the people know the couples problem? 5W

51、hy was the bike so important to the couple?,返回目录,技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解,二、细节理解题主要的答题策略有： 1细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法,先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。 2变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生,即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，

52、因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义至关重要。,返回目录,技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解,3多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”以偏概全草率地得出结论。,返回目录,例 2013新课标全国卷 (节选) Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They dont listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a

53、 pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didnt realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying s

54、afer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.,返回目录,技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解,I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The att

55、ending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilotand my bossso it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, “We need to put the l

56、anding gear down now！” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and Ive used it in the operating room ever since.,返回目录,技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解,36What does the author say about doctors in general? AThey like flying by themselves. BThey are unwilling to take advice. CThey pretend to be good pilots. D

57、They are quick learners of CRM. 37The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when _ Ahe saved the plane by speaking up Bhe was in charge of a flying task Chis boss landed the plane too late Dhis boss operated on a patient,返回目录,技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解,点睛 这是一篇记叙文。医生要做飞行员会很可怕，原因是他们比较固执，不会听从别人的建议，

58、但是通过作者的亲身经历，发现倾听很重要，提醒也很重要,这件事使作者深有感触。 36B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They dont listen because they already know it all.”可以推知，医生通常不喜欢听从别人的建议。 37A细节理解题。文章第二段作者谈到自己的一次经历，联系“Ive used it in the operating room ever since.”可知，他通过提醒拯救了飞机。,返回目录,技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解,【活学活用】 2013山东卷 (节选)Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he los

59、t his job a few months ago. He has a good heart, but always feared applying for a new job. One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8：30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewe

60、d, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car.,返回目录,技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解,Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car，the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was n

61、o need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said，“Well，I could take you to the office for your interview. Its the least I could do. Please, I insist.” Jimmy agreed.,返回目录,技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解,Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applicants wa

62、iting to be interviewed. Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt.One by one, the applicants left the interviewers office with disappointed looks on their faces. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was si

63、tting on a large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be interviewed？” Jimmys heart sank.“With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview？” he thought to himself.,返回目录,技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解,Then the interviewer turned the chair

64、 and to Jimmys surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. It turned out he was the General Manager of the company. “Sorry I had to keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office. I ju

65、st know youd be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations！” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.,返回目录,技法5阅读理解技法之细节理解,56Why did Jimmy apply for a new job? AHe was out of work. BHe was bored with his job. CHe wanted a higher position. DHe hoped to find a better boss. 57What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview? AA friends car had a flat tyre. BA wild man was pushing a car. CA terrible c