2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷96

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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The pathetic sight brought bit tears to my eyes again and made my chest ache with the weight of such sadness.问题1选项A.indifferentB.pitifulC.disgracefulD.promising【答案】B【解析】上下文语义。A选项indifferent“冷漠的；不关心的”；B选项pitiful“可怜的”；C选项disgraceful“可耻的”；D选项promising“有前途的”。句意：

2、这_的景象又一次让我的眼睛里充满了泪水，我的胸口因为这种悲伤的重量而感到疼痛。根据句意，这种景象让人流泪，让人悲伤而心痛，B选项pitiful“可怜的”最符合语境，原文pathetic“可怜的，悲哀的”。因此，本题最佳选项为B。2. 单选题Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for anyone with the Internet _.问题1选项A.entranceB.admissionC.involvementD.access【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. entrance

3、入口；进入 B. admission 进入许可；录用C. involvement 参与；牵连 D. access 使用权；（对电脑处理器的）访问【考查点】名词辨析【解题思路】句意：对于任何可以上网的人来说（for anyone with the Internet _），查找这些大学的信息变得非常容易。with the Internet _是anyone的后置定语，想表达的是“对互联网的访问权”，D选项access“使用权；获取（尤其电脑信息）”最符合语义要求。【干扰项排除】A选项entrance 指实际上某个地方或某个房间等的大门、入口；或者指某人的出场或莅临；B选项admission 指（机

4、构、组织等）准许进入；或者入场费；C选项involvement 参与。【句意】对于任何可以上网的人来说，查找这些大学的信息变得非常容易。3. 单选题It is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses should have grown by 254 percent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession. Optimists, or those given to speed, assum

5、ptions, might think it marvelous to have such a resource of business school graduates ready for the recovery. Unfortunately, there is now much doubt about the value of the degree not least among MBA graduates themselves, suffering as they are from the effects of recession and facing the prospect of

6、shrinking management structures.What was taken some years ago as a ticket of certain admission to success is now being exposed to the scrutiny of cost-conscious employers who seek “can-dos” rather than “might-dos”, and who feel that academia has not been sufficiently appreciative of the needs of ind

7、ustry or of the employers possible contribution.It is curious, given the name of the degree, that there should be no league table for UK business schools; no unanimity about what the degree should encompass; and no agreed system of accreditation. Surely there is something wrong. One wonders where al

8、l the tutors for this massive infusion of business expertise came from and why all this mushrooming took place.Perhaps companies that made large investments would have been wiser to invest in already existing managers, perched anxiously on their own internal ladders. The Institute of Managements 199

9、2 survey, which revealed that eighty-one per cent of managers thought they personally would be more effective if they received-more training, suggests that this might be the case. There is, too, the fact that training alone does not make successful managers. They need the inherent qualifications. Of

10、 character, a degree of self-subjugation; and, above all, the ability to communicate and lead; more so now, when empowerment is a buzzword that is at least generating genuflections, if not total conviction.One can easily think of people, some comparatively unlettered, who are now lauded captains of

11、industry. We may, therefore, not need to be too concerned about the fall in applications for business school places, or even the doubt about MBAs. The proliferation and subsequent questioning may have been an inevitable evolution. If the Management Charter Initiative, now exploring the introduction

12、of a senior management qualification, is successful, there will be a powerful corrective.We believe now that management is all about change. One hopes there will be some of that in relationship between management and science within industry, currently causing concern and which is overdue for attenti

13、on. No one doubts that we need more scientists and innovation to give us an edge in an increasingly competitive world. If scientists feel themselves undervalued and under-used, working in industrial ghettos, that is not a promising augury for the future. It seems we have to resolve these misapprehen

14、sions between science and industry. Above all, we have to make sure that management is not itself smug about its status and that it does not issue mission statements about communication without realizing at the essence of it is a dialogue. More empowerment is required and we should strive to achieve

15、 it.16. What is the writers view in the reading passage?17. According to the passage, employers _.18. According to the passage _.19. In the writers opinion _.20. Which of the information is true according to the passage?问题1选项A.He believes that there are too many MBAs.B.He believes that the degree is

16、 over-valued.C.He believes that standards are inconsistent.D.He believes that the degree has dubious value.问题2选项A.feel that they have not been consulted sufficiently about their needsB.consider that cost-consciousness is the most important qualificationC.are more concerned about the value of the deg

17、ree than graduates themselvesD.feel that MBAs will not be necessary because of shrinking management structures问题3选项A.managers need a degree and the ability to communicateB.training need to be done in groups to be successfulC.managers today must have good communication and leadership skillsD.industri

18、al managers do not need to write letters问题4选项A.science increases competitionB.scientists are undervaluedC.the management of science needs reassessmentD.management feels smug about its status问题5选项A.Most managers interviewed felt that their colleagues needed more training.B.Employers today are looking

19、 for proven experience rather than potential ability.C.The Management Charter Initiative is an attempt to standardize MBAs.D.Companies would have benefited more from recruiting MBAs rather than investing in their own staff.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】16. 【选项释义】What is the writers view in the re

20、ading passage? 本文中作者的观点是什么？A. He believes that there are too many MBAs. A. 他认为，MBA学生太多了。B. He believes that the degree is over-valued. B. 他认为这个学位被高估了。C. He believes that standards are inconsistent. C. 他认为标准是不一致的。D. He believes that the degree has dubious value. D. 他认为这个学位的价值值得怀疑。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】本题询

21、问的是作者的观点。原文第3段第2句提到“对于该程度应包含什么内容，各方意见不一（no unanimity）；也没有公认的认证体系（no agreed system）”，由此可知，C选项“他认为标准不一致”表述正确，是作者的观点。【干扰项排除】A选项“他认为，MBA学生太多了”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“他认为这个学位被高估了”，可定位到原文的1段最后一句，该句说到“如今，人们对这个学位的价值产生了很多怀疑，尤其是在MBA毕业生中（not least among MBA graduates themselves）。”由此可得，这是别人的观点，而非作者的观点，该选项属于张冠李戴；D

22、选项“他认为这个学位的价值值得怀疑”，同B选项，对该学位价值的怀疑是别人的观点，而非作者的观点，该选项属于张冠李戴。17. 【选项释义】According to the passage, employers _. 根据文章，雇主_。A. feel that they have not been consulted sufficiently about their needs A. 觉得他们的需求没有得到充分的咨询B. consider that cost-consciousness is the most important qualification B. 认为成本意识是最重要的资格C. a

23、re more concerned about the value of the degree than graduates themselves C. 比毕业生本身更关心学位的价值D. feel that MBAs will not be necessary because of shrinking management structures D. 认为由于管理结构的萎缩，MBA学生将不再是必要的【考查点】判断推理题。【解题思路】本题要求选出雇主的观点。D选项“认为由于管理结构的萎缩，MBA学生将不再是必要的”，可定位到原文第1段最后一句，该句提到“面临管理结构萎缩的前景，MBA毕业生们对该

24、学位的价值产生了怀疑”，由此可知，管理结构萎缩，让MBA学位的价值缩水。另外，原文第5段第2句提到，“申请商学院的人会下降（fall in applications for business school places），也会对MBA产生怀疑（the doubt about MBAs）”，由此推断，雇主们不认为一定要招MBA的学生，D选项“认为由于管理结构的萎缩，MBA学生将不再是必要的”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“觉得他们的需求没有得到充分的咨询”，可定位到第2段最后一句，该句提到“学术界没有充分认识到企业的需要或雇主可能做出的贡献”，原文并未提到“咨询”雇主需求的问题，该选项属于无中生

25、有；B选项“认为成本意识是最重要的资格”，可定位到原文第4段最后一句，该句提到“最重要的是（above all），沟通和领导能力（the ability to communicate and lead）”，由此可知， 成本意识不是最重要的资格，该选项表述错误；C选项“比毕业生本身更关心学位的价值”，可定位到原文的1段最后一句，该句说到“如今，人们对这个学位的价值产生了很多怀疑，尤其是在MBA毕业生中（not least among MBA graduates themselves）。”由此可知，毕业生最关心学位的价值，该选项表述错误。18. 【选项释义】According to the pas

26、sage _. 根据文章_。A. managers need a degree and the ability to communicate A. 管理者需要学位和沟通能力B. training need to be done in groups to be successful B. 训练需要在小组中进行才能取得成功C. managers today must have good communication and leadership skills C. 今天的管理者必须有良好的沟通和领导能力D. industrial managers do not need to write lette

27、rs D. 工业管理者不需要写信【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】原文第4段最后两句，此处提到，“培训本身并不能造就成功的管理者（successful managers）。他们需要内在的资质（the inherent qualifications）”，“最重要的是（above all），沟通和领导能力（the ability to communicate and lead）”，由此可得，C选项“今天的管理者必须有良好的沟通和领导能力”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“管理者需要学位和沟通能力”，原文是指沟通能力和领导能力，学位不那么重要；B选项“训练需要在小组中进行才能取得成功”，原文并未提及，

28、该选项属于无中生有；D选项“工业管理者不需要写信”，根据关键词“letters”可定位到第5段第1句，该句提到“一些相对不太识字（unlettered）的人，现在被誉为行业领袖”，原文指的是“不识字”，而不是写信，该选项属于偷换概念。19. 【选项释义】In the writers opinion _. 作者认为_。A. science increases competition A. 科学增加了竞争B. scientists are undervalued B. 科学家被低估了C. the management of science needs reassessment C. 科学的管理需要

29、重新评估D. management feels smug about its status D. 管理层对自己的地位沾沾自喜【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】A选项“科学增加了竞争”，可定位到本文第6段。本段第3句提到“没有人怀疑，我们需要更多的科学家和创新（more scientists and innovation），让我们在竞争日益激烈的（increasingly competitive）世界中占据优势（give us an edge）。”由此可知，作者认为科学有利于在竞争中占据优势，A选项表述正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“科学家被低估了”，可定位到原文第6段。本段第4句提到“如果科学家们

30、觉得自己被低估（If scientists feel themselves undervalued）”，由此可知，这只是作者的假设，并不是作者的观点，该选项属于过度推理；C选项“科学的管理需要重新评估”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“管理层对自己的地位沾沾自喜”，可定位到原文第6段。本段倒数第2句提到“最重要的是，我们必须确保管理层本身不会对自己的地位沾沾自喜（management is not itself smug about its status）”，因此，选项表述并非作者观点。20. 【选项释义】Which of the information is true accord

31、ing to the passage? 根据文章，哪些信息是正确的？A. Most managers interviewed felt that their colleagues needed more training. A. 大多数接受采访的管理人员认为，他们的同事需要更多的培训。B. Employers today are looking for proven experience rather than potential ability. B. 现在的雇主更看重的是经验而不是潜在的能力。C. The Management Charter Initiative is an attemp

32、t to standardize MBAs. C. 管理宪章倡议是对MBA课程标准化的一次尝试。D. Companies would have benefited more from recruiting MBAs rather than investing in their own staff. D. 企业本可以从招聘MBA学生而不是投资于自己的员工中获益更多。【考查点】判断推理题。【解题思路】原文第2段提到“几年前被视为成功入场券的东西，如今正受到注重成本的雇主的审视，这些雇主寻求的是能做的而不是可能做的（ seek can-dos rather than might-dos）”，由此推断

33、，雇主们更看重有经验的人（can-dos），而不是有潜力的人（might-dos），B选项“现在的雇主更看重的是经验而不是潜在的能力”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“大多数接受采访的管理人员认为，他们的同事需要更多的培训”，可定位到原文第4段第2句，该句提到“管理学院1992年的调查显示，81%的管理人员认为，如果他们接受更多的培训（if they received-more training），他们个人就会更有效率（they personally would be more effective）。”由此可知，接受采访的人认为自己需要培训，而没有说他们的同事，该选项表述错误，属于曲解原文；C选

34、项“管理宪章倡议是对MBA课程标准化的一次尝试”，可定位到原文第5段最后一句，该句提到“如果正在探索引进高级管理人员资格（the introduction of a senior management qualification）的管理宪章计划（the Management Charter Initiative）获得成功。”由此可知，该计划的目的是“探索引进高级管理人员资格”，而不是“MBA课程标准化”，该选项表述错误，属于张冠李戴；D选项“企业本可以从招聘MBA学生而不是投资于自己的员工中获益更多”，可定位到原文第4段第1句，该句提到“或许，进行大规模投资的公司更明智的做法（would ha

35、ve been wiser）是投资于已经存在的、焦虑地坐在自己内部阶梯上的管理人员（invest in already existing managers）。”由此可知，企业投资自己的员工更明智，即获益更多，该选项表述错误，属于本末倒置。4. 单选题His _ with computers began six months ago and has spent most of his spare time on cyber games ever since.问题1选项A.imaginationB.invocationC.observationD.obsession【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A

36、. imagination 想象 B. invocation 祈求C. observation 观察 D. obsession 痴迷【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所在部分语义为“他对电脑的_”，原句后半段提到“他的大部分业余时间都花在了网络游戏上”，由此可知，他沉迷于玩电脑游戏，因此，D选项obsession“痴迷”符合原句语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】他对电脑的痴迷是6个月前开始的，从那以后，他大部分业余时间都花在了网络游戏上。5. 单选题How many people are suffering from labor market problem

37、s? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income an

38、d earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed

39、, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority is from multiple earners,

40、relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways ou

41、r social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capaci

42、ty for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month re

43、ally suffers. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another part-time working because of the inability to find fulltime work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and

44、 dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failings in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously

45、as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debatethat the existing poverty, em

46、ployment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.16. Which of the following does “labor market problems” (Paragraph 1) refer to?17. The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that _.18. W

47、hich of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?19. The authors purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to show that _.20. According to the text, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to o

48、ver-predict the amount of economic hardship is the _.问题1选项A.Shortage of jobs providing adequate income.B.Deficiencies in the training of work force.C.Trade relationships among producers of goods.D.The overall causes of poverty.问题2选项A.more people were unemployed in the 1930sB.social programs are more

49、 needed nowC.unemployment now has less severe effectsD.now there is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty问题3选项A.Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.B.A compromise should be found between the positi

50、ons of those who view joblessness an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.C.New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.D.Consideration should be given to the ways in which

51、 statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.问题4选项A.there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor forceB.unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship resulting from joblessnessC.recurrent inadequacies in th

52、e labor market can exist and cause hardships for individual workersD.a majority of those who are jobless at any time does not suffer severe hardship问题5选项A.recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low wage workersB.fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wagesC

53、.establishment of a system of record keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statisticsD.prevalence, among low wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which others are employed【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】16. 【选项释义】Which of the following does “labor market problems”

54、(Paragraph 1) refer to? “劳动力市场问题”（第一段）指的是下列哪一项？A. Shortage of jobs providing adequate income. A. 提供足够收入的工作岗位短缺。B. Deficiencies in the training of work force. B. 劳动力培训不足。C. Trade relationships among producers of goods. C. 商品生产者之间的贸易关系。D. The overall causes of poverty. D. 贫困的总体原因。【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关

55、键词Paragraph 1和labor market problems定位到原文第1段第1句，该句提到“劳动力市场问题困扰了很多人”。但是第1段第3句提到“在许多方面，我们的社会统计数字夸大了（exaggerate）困难的程度。”第2段第1句提到“然而，我们的社会统计数据也在许多方面低估了（underestimate）劳动力市场相关困难的程度”。由此可知，第1段主要介绍的是，统计数据对劳动力市场问题的夸大，第2段主要介绍的是问题，而本题要求选择的是劳动力市场的问题，因此，定位段是第2段。第2段提到了社会统计数据没有考虑的因素有“数百万工资非常低但是属于充分就业的工人（fully employe

56、d workers whose wages are so low）”、“找不到全职工作，只有兼职工作的人（part-time working because of the inability to find fulltime work）”、“在劳动力市场之外，但想要一份工作的人（else outside the labor force but wanting a job）”等。由此可知，劳动力市场提供的工作岗位不足，其提供的有足够收入的工作岗位也不足，A选项“提供足够收入的工作岗位短缺”符合原文。【干扰项排除】B选项“劳动力培训不足”、C选项“商品生产者之间的贸易关系”、D选项“贫困的总体原因

57、”原文并未提及，均属于无中生有。17. 【选项释义】The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that _. 作者对比了20世纪30年代和现在，以表明_。A. more people were unemployed in the 1930s A. 20世纪30年代失业的人更多B. social programs are more needed now B. 现在更需要社会进步C. unemployment now has less severe effects C. 现在失业的影响没那么严重D. now t

58、here is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty D. 现在，贫困人口中老年人和残疾人的比例有所提高【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词contrasts the 1930s with the present定位到原文第1段。本段第4句提到“今天的失业不会（does not have）像上世纪30年代那样带来可怕的后果（the same dire consequences）”，并介绍了当时的情况，由此可知，进行对比的目的是为了说明今天失业带来的影响没那么严重，C选

59、项“现在失业的影响没那么严重”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“20世纪30年代失业的人更多”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“现在更需要社会进步”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“现在，贫困人口中老年人和残疾人的比例有所提高”，可定位到原文第1段最后一句，该句提到“现在的统计的贫困人口中（Most of those counted）大多数是老年人、残疾人等”，原文并不是说现在这两类人更多了，而是说他们在统计的贫困人口中占比更多，该选项属于偷换概念。18. 【选项释义】Which of the following proposals best responds to the

60、issues raised by the author? 以下哪一项建议最好地回应了作者提出的问题？A. Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment. A. 要通过多种途径建立创新方案，降低失业水平。B. A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness an evil greater than economic control a

61、nd those who hold the opposite view. B. 在那些认为失业是比经济控制更大的祸害的人和持相反观点的人之间，应该找到一种妥协。C. New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering. C. 应当制定新的统计指数，以衡量失业和报酬不足的就业造成痛苦的程度。D. Consideration should be given to the ways

62、 in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure. D. 该考虑到统计数据是如何成为它们声称要衡量的现象的部分原因的。【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】本题要求选出对作者提出的问题的建议，那么首先需要知道作者提出的问题是什么。本文的结构是“分分总”，围绕劳动力市场的问题，第1段说介绍“社会统计数字在一些方面夸大了（exaggerate）劳动力市场相关困难的程度”；第2段介绍“社会统计数据在一些方面也低估了（underestimate）困难的程度”；最后一段总述“

63、现有的贫困、就业和收入统计数据（the existingstatistics）不足以（are inadequate for）用于衡量劳动力市场问题的后果”。由此可知，作者在本文中提出的问题是“现有的数据不足以衡量劳动力市场问题的后果”；由第2段可知，劳动力市场的问题主要是“可提供的工作岗位不足；可提供的有足够报酬的工作岗位不足”。因此，C选项“应当制定新的统计指数，以衡量失业和报酬不足的就业造成痛苦的程度”是个可行的建议。【干扰项排除】A选项“要通过多种途径建立创新方案，降低失业水平”、B选项“在那些认为失业是比经济控制更大的祸害的人和持相反观点的人之间，应该找到一种妥协”、D选项“该考虑到统

64、计数据是如何成为它们声称要衡量的现象的部分原因的”，都不是针对作者提出的问题提出的建议，与题干无关。19. 【选项释义】The authors purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to show that _. 作者引用那些一年中反复失业的人的目的很可能是为了表明_。A. there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor force A. 有几个因素导致某些劳动力的工资偏低B.