2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷45

《2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷45》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷45（27页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题An examination of the stages of his rise, the methods he employed to strengthen himself, and the institutional reforms he effected in order to maintain his power helps us（ ）the factors and dynamics of power within a bureaucratically dominated society.问题1选项A.t

2、hink ofB.account forC.considerD.weigh【答案】B【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项think of“想起”；B选项account for“解释，说明”；C选项consider“考虑”；D选项weigh“权衡”。根据前文通过利用某种方法，以及后文官僚统治的社会中权力的因素和动态，可以推测方法解释了这种因素，B选项正确。句意：通过对他成名阶段的调查，发现他用来加强自身实力的方法和为了维护其权利的体制改革帮助我们了官僚主义占主导的社会中的权利因素和权利力量。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题The governments loss of control resulted fr

3、om a growing ineffectiveness of the whole bureaucratic machine, as had occurred before in the dynastic cycles. Such decline has been（ ）corruption, so often mentioned in Chinese sources.问题1选项A.ascribed toB.resulted fromC.resulted inD.caused【答案】A【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项be ascribed to“归因于”；B选项result from“由于，起因于”

4、；C选项result in“导致”；D选项cause“引起”，根据空处的意思，此处为被动形式，只有A在这里可以使用被动。句意：政府的失控整个官僚机器的日渐无能，这正如以前的朝代循环一样。这样的能力下滑归因于腐败，腐败在中国经常被提及。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题With orders and counter-orders, and with pressure mounting on all sides, the question of where he was to go again（ ）.问题1选项A.has come to the foreB.came to the foreC.had c

5、ome to the foreD.came to the spotlight【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。come to the fore“出现”。题中的句子只是一个普通的过去陈述句，所以选B。D选项“出现在聚光灯下”，不符合文章内容，可排除。句意：由于汇票、还盘以及各方面的压力的攀升，他要去哪里的问题又出来了。因此B选项正确。4. 不定项选择题Severe drought in the 1970s and 80s, coupled with a population explosion and destructive farming and livestock practices, was

6、 denuding vast swaths of land. The desert seemed determined to swallow everything. So Mr. Danjimo and other farmers in Guidan Bakoye，the Sahel, a semiarid belt that spans Africa just below the Sahara took a small but radical step. No longer would they clear the saplings from their fields before plan

7、ting, as they had for generations. Instead they would protect and nurture them, carefully plowing around them when sowing millet, sorghum, peanuts and beans.Today, the success in growing new trees suggests that the harm to much of the Sahel may not have been permanent, but a temporary loss of fertil

8、ity. The evidence, scientists say, demonstrates how relatively small changes in human behavior can transform the regional ecology, restoring its biodiversity and productivity.In Nigers case, farmers began protecting trees just as rainfall levels began to rise again after the droughts in the 1970s an

9、d 80s.Another change was the way trees were regarded by law. From colonial times, all trees in Niger had been regarded as the property of the state, which gave farmers little incentive to protect them. Trees were chopped for firewood or construction without regard to the environmental costs. Governm

10、ent foresters were supposed to make sure the trees were properly managed, but there were not enough of them to police a country nearly twice the size of Texas.But over time, farmers began to regard the trees in their fields as their property, and in recent years the government has recognized the ben

11、efits of that outlook by allowing individuals to own trees. Farmers make money from the trees by selling branches, pods, fruit and bark. Because those sales are more lucrative over time than simply chopping down the tree for firewood, the farmers preserve them.The greening began in the mid-1980s, Dr

12、. Reij said, “and every time we went back to Niger, the scale increased.”“The density is so spectacular.” he said.Mahamane Larwanou, a forestry expert at the University of Niamey in Nigers capital, said the regrowth of trees had transformed rural life in Niger.“The benefits are so many it is really

13、astonishing,” Dr. Larwanou said. “The farmers can sell the branches for money. They can feed the pods as fodder to their animals. They can sell or eat the leaves. They can sell and eat the fruits. Trees are so valuable to farmers, so they protect them.”They also have extraordinary ecological benefit

14、s. Their roots fix the soil in place, preventing it from being carried off with the fierce Sahelian winds and preserving arable land. The roots also help hold water in the ground, rather than letting it run off across rocky, barren fields into gullies where it floods villages and destroys crops.One

15、tree in particular, the Faidherbia albida, known locally as the gao tree, is particularly essential. It is a nitrogen-fixing tree, which helps fertilize the soil.Its leaves fall off during the rainy season, which means it does not compete with crops for water, sun or nutrients during the growing per

16、iod. The leaves themselves become organic fertilizer when they fall.47. The word “arable” in the third paragraph from the bottom can be substituted by（ ）.48. The denuding of vast swaths of land was not caused by（ ）.49. A small change in human behavior can（ ）.50. Today the law has changed to（ ）.51. T

17、he benefits of trees to farmers does not include（ ）.52.（ ）is not an ecological benefit of the trees in rural Niger.问题1选项A.land incapable of growing cropsB.land capable of growing cropsC.land which is beneficial to vegetationD.land which does harm to vegetation问题2选项A.severe drought in the 1970s and 8

18、0sB.population explosionC.destructive farms livestock practicesD.civil war among the people问题3选项A.transform the regional ecologyB.restore biodiversityC.restore productivityD.all the above问题4选项A.regard trees as property of the StateB.make sure trees are properly managedC.impose stiff penalties on peo

19、ple who cut trees for firewoodD.allow individuals to own trees问题5选项A.selling branches for moneyB.feeding pods as fodder to their animalsC.selling and eating leaves and fruitsD.trees depleting soil of needed water问题6选项A.That Roots fix the soil in place and some are nitrogen fixingB.Preventing soil fr

20、om being carried off by fierce windsC.Preserving arable landD.Taking nutrients from crops during the growing period【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:D第6题:D【解析】47.【试题答案】B【试题解析】词义辨析题。根据题干可以定位到文章倒数第三段倒数第二句Their roots fix the soil in place, preventing it from being carried off with the fierce Sahelian winds a

21、nd preserving arable land.（树的根可以防止水土流失，阻止土壤被.萨赫勒地区的狂风刮走以及保护耕地。） “arable”在这句的意思是“可耕种的”，可以推断出选项B“能种庄稼的土地”正确。A选项“不能种植庄稼的土地”，正好与文章内容相反，可排除。C选项“有利于植被生长的土地”，文章没有提到植被生长土地，可排除。D选项“对植物有害的土地”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此B选项正确。48.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到第一段第一句Severe drought in the 1970s and80s, coupled with a populati

22、on explosion and destructive farming and livestock practices, was denuding vast swaths of land.（20世纪70年代和80年代的严重干旱，加上人口爆炸和破坏性的农业和畜牧业，正在侵蚀大片土地）这句话提到了大面积的土地被剥夺的原因是Severe drought in the 1970s and 80s, coupled with a population explosion and destructive farming and livestock practices。D“人民之间的内战”，不符合文章内容

23、，D选项正确。A选项“七十年代和八十年代的严重干旱”，符合文章内容，A选项排除。B选项“人口爆炸”，文章提到，人口爆炸，B选项符合文章内容。C选项“农场和家畜的破坏性行为”，符合文章内容，C选项排除。因此D选项正确。49.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句how relatively small changes in human behavior can transform the regional ecology, restoring its biodiversity and productivity（人类行为中相对较小的变化如何改变区域生态，恢复其生

24、物多样性和生产力）。A选项“改造区域生态”、B选项“恢复生物多样性”、C选项“恢复生产力”，A、B、C选项都符合文章内容，D选项“以上全对”正确。因此D选项正确。50.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据文章第五段第一句in recent years the government has recognized the benefits of that outlook by allowing individuals to own trees.（近年来，政府已经认识到这种前景的好处，允许个人拥有树木），可知，政府允许个人拥有树木，故选项D“允许个人拥有树木”为答案选项。A选项“把树木视为国家

25、财产”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。B选项“确保树木得到妥善管理”，没有提到政府确保树木得到妥善管理。C选项“对砍伐树木作为柴火的人处以严厉的惩罚”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。51.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第四段第二句The farmers can sell the branches for money. They can feed the pods as fodder to their animals. They can sell or eat the leaves. They can sell and eat the fruits.（

26、农民们可以卖树枝来赚钱。他们可以把豆荚当作饲料喂动物。他们可以卖或吃树叶。他们可以卖水果，吃水果）。D选项“树木耗尽土壤所需的水分”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。A选项“卖树枝赚钱”，文章提到农民可以依靠卖树枝来挣钱，A选项排除。B选项“用豆荚喂养动物”，文章提到把豆荚作为饲料喂养动物，可排除B选项。C选项“卖和吃树叶和水果”，符合文章内容。因此D选项正确。52.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据倒数第三段第一、二句They also have extraordinary ecological benefits. Their roots fix the soil in place,

27、preventing it from being carried off with the fierce Sahelian winds and preserving arable land（它们的根固定住土壤，防止它被凶猛的萨赫勒风带走，保护可耕种的土地），D选项“在作物生长期间从作物中获取营养”，文章没有提到会从作物中获取营养，D选项符合题意。A选项“这些根可以固定土壤，有些还可以固定氮”，A选项可排除。B选项“防止土壤被狂风吹走”，文章提到它被凶猛的萨赫勒风带走，B选项可排除。C选项“保护耕地”，文章提到保护可耕种的土地，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题He（ ）the theo

28、ry, the philosophy and the pattern that became the model for Lis own military forces later.问题1选项A.furnishedB.decoratedC.polishedD.meditated【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项furnish“提供”；B选项decorate“修饰”；C选项polish“使完美，完善”；D选项meditate“冥想”。根据题干可知，可推测这里应当填入一个表示完成的动词，C选项符合题干内容。句意：他的理论，哲学和模式，成为后来李自己的军队的模型。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题

29、Before the disastrous earthquake there was（ ）chaos.问题1选项A.massiveB.ominousC.suspendingD.imminent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项massive“巨大的，大量的”；B选项ominous“预兆的，不吉利的”；C选项suspending“暂停，延缓”；D选项imminent“即将发生的，临近的”，句意：在灾难性的地震发生之前，发生了大规模的混乱。结合句意，只有A选项符合。7. 单选题Instead of the somewhat obnoxious nationalistic chest beat

30、ing that went with a great deal the Singapore and Malaysia version of the “debate” over Asian values, what is now called for is an explanation of how the same set of cultural values could have produced both the dynamos and the dominoes.问题1选项A.soberB.rhetoricC.banalD.very unpleasant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析

31、。A选项sober“冷静的”；B选项rhetoric“花言巧语的”；C选项banal“陈腐的”；D选项very unpleasant“极不愉快的”；very unpleasant正是表达了题目中“不愉快的”的意思。句意：与新加坡和马来西亚版本的亚洲价值观之“论战”所带来的令人不快的民族主义者的痛打相比，现在需要的是解释同一套文化价值观如何既产生了发电机又产生了多米诺骨牌。因此D选项正确。8. 不定项选择题Hurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many li

32、ves. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate their fury.Hurricanes normally originate as a small area of thunderstorms over the Atlantic Ocean west of the Cape Verde Islands during August or September. For several days, the area of the storm increases and the air pressure

33、 falls slowly. A center of low pressure forms, and winds begin to whirl around it. It is blown westward, increasing in size and strength.Hurricane hunters then fly out to the storm in order to determine its size and intensity and to track its direction. They drop instruments for recording temperatur

34、e, air pressure, and humidity（湿度）, into the storm. They also look at the size of waves on the ocean, the clouds, and the eye of the storm. The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane. People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, o

35、nly to be caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed.Once the forecasters have determined that it is likely the hurricane will reach shore, they issue a hurricane watch for a large, general area that may be in the path of the storm. Later, when the probable point of landfall is clearer

36、, they will issue a hurricane warning for a somewhat more limited area. People in these areas are wise to stock up on nonperishable foods, flash light and radio batteries, candles, and other items they may need if electricity and water are not available after the storm. They should also try to hurri

37、cane-proof their houses by bringing in light-weight furniture and other items from outside and covering windows. People living in low-lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm. Hurricanes generally los

38、e power slowly while traveling over land, but many move out to sea, gather up force again, and return to land. As they move toward the north, they generally lose their identity as hurricanes.46. The eye of the hurricane is（ ）.47. Which of the following statements is true?48. Which of the following w

39、ould be the best title for this passage?49. The low-lying areas refer to those regions that（ ）.50. Which of the following is NOT a method of protecting ones house from a hurricane?问题1选项A.the powerful center of the stormB.the part that determines its directionC.the relatively calm center of the storm

40、D.the center of low pressure问题2选项A.A storm surge is a dramatic increase in wind velocity.B.A hurricane watch is more serious than a hurricane warning.C.Falling air pressure is an indicator that the storm is increasing in intensity.D.It is safe to go outside once the eye has arrived.问题3选项A.How to Avo

41、id Hurricane damageB.Forecasting HurricanesC.The dangerous HurricaneD.Atlantic Storms问题4选项A.close to the ground levelB.one-storey flatC.flat housesD.near to the lowest level of hurricane问题5选项A.taking out heavy thingsB.moving in light-weight furnitureC.equipping the house with stonesD.covering window

42、sHurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate their fury.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】46.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。从第三段倒数第二句The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in

43、 the center of the hurricane.（飓风眼是飓风中心相对平静和晴朗的天空区域）可知C项“风暴相对平静的中心”正确。A项“强大的风暴中心”与文意相反，排除；B项“决定其方向的部分”文中未提及；D项“低压中心”定位到原文第一段可知低压中心是飓风形成前的表现，故错误。47.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。从最后一段倒数第三句People living in low-lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water

44、 that may come ashore with the storm.（生活在低洼地区的人们明智地撤离他们的房屋，因为风暴潮是一股巨大的水流，可能会随着风暴上岸。）可知storm surge是指水而不是风，所以A项“风暴潮是风速的急剧增加。”不正确。根据最后一段开头的描述，飓风可能登陆时先在一个较大的可能范围内进行hurricane watch,然后在可能着陆点hurricane warning，可以看出hurricane warning比hurricane watch更严重,所以B项“飓风监视比飓风警报更严重。”不正确。根据第二段最后一句People often lose their l

45、ives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to be caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed.（当风眼来临时，人们如果走出房间会被风眼过去后的大风吹死），所以说在风眼来临时走出房间是不安全的）D项“风眼来临，出去是安全的”也不正确。通过排除法可知只有C项“气压下降表明风暴的强度在增加”正确。48.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。阅读全文，分别讲了飓风的形成、飓风的预报、面对飓风的防范措施、飓风的消亡，C项“危险的飓风”可以作为标题概括文章内容。A项

46、“如何避免飓风的破坏”；B项“飓风预报”；D项“大西洋风暴”都只涉及到文章的一个方面。49.【试题答案】A【试题解析】语义推测题。题干low-lying areas是指地势低平的地区，A项“接近地面”；B、C是指一层平房，D项“接近最低级别的飓风”。所以只有A项符合。50.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。从第三段第六行They should also try to hurricane- proof their houses by bringing in lightweight furniture and other items from outside and covering wind

47、ows.（他们还应尝试从外部带入轻巧的家具和其他物品并遮盖窗户，以防飓风袭击他们的房屋）可知将轻的家具、物品带入房内，盖住窗户是预防飓风的措施，所以B和D正确，其中也暗含了选项A“取出重物”，因为将轻的物品放入房内也就意味着将重的物品带出房间，所以A也符合。C选项文中未提及。9. 翻译题2. Translate the following passage into English.和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。维护世界和平，加强友好合作，促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当前，贫困、失业、难民、犯罪、人口膨胀、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等问题仍然严峻，影响着全球的稳定与发展。中国与西方国家

48、虽然国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上具有广泛一致的利益。我对中国同西方各国关系的改善与发展感到高兴。中国政府和人民愿在相互新生和平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的世界各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业做出贡献。【答案】参考译文：Peace and development are the two major themes in todays world. The maintenance of world peace, strengthening friendship and cooperation and promoting common development are the c

49、ommon aspiration of all peoples. At present, poverty, unemployment, refugees, crime, a population explosion, environmental degradation, drug trafficking, terrorism and other issues are still severe and affect global stability and development. Although China and western countries have different natio

50、nal conditions, both sides have broadly consistent interests in a series of major international issues. I am delighted to see the improvement and development of the connection between China and west countries. The government and people of China would like to devote to the great peace and development

51、 on the basis of mutual trust and equality and mutual benefit with all the people and all the governments including west countries.10. 单选题The prodigal son spent his money extravagantly and soon after he left home he was reduced to a beggar.问题1选项A.lavishlyB.economicallyC.thriftilyD.extrovertly【答案】A【解

52、析】考查副词辨析。extravagantly在句中是“挥霍无度地”；A选项lavishly“浪费地”；B选项economically“经济地，经济学地”；C项thriftily“节俭地”；D选项extrovertly“外向地”。句意：这个浪子挥霍钱财，离家不久就沦为乞丐。根据选项，只有A项符合。11. 单选题The course of scholastic preparation was arduous requiring the systematic passing of successive examinations. Success in the examinations resulte

53、d in the（ ）of academic degrees, which were treasured as the surest source of wealth and power in China.问题1选项A.bestowalB.givingC.conferringD.offering【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项bestowal“赠与”；B选项giving“给予”；C选项conferring“文凭、学位的授予”；D选项offering“提供”。根据题干，提到学位被视为财富和成功的可靠来源，符合题干内容的只有C选项，学位作为一种文凭。句意：学业准备的过程是艰苦的，要求有系

54、统地通过连续的考试。考试成功导致学术学位的，在中国这是宝贵的财富和权力的源泉。因此C选项正确。12. 单选题Between French friends, who have chosen each other for congeniality of their point of view, lively disagreement and sharpness of arguments are the breath of life.问题1选项A.coexistenceB.coincidenceC.correlationD.compatibility【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。congenial

55、ity表示“同性质；适意”。A项coexistence“共存”，B项coincidence“巧合，一致”，C项correlation“相关，关联”，D项compatibility“兼容”。句意：对于因为观点一致而选择对方成为朋友的法国人来说，活跃的争论和激烈的论断是他们生活中不可缺少的东西。根据句意，该题选D正确。13. 单选题Aircraft and rocket can be used to collect radioactive debris, while high-altitude satellites carry detectors for gamma rays and other

56、emissions.问题1选项A.diffusionB.remainsC.glitterD.transfer【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。debris表示“碎片，残骸”。A项diffusion“扩散，传播”，B项remain“遗留，残骸”，C项glitter“闪光，灿烂”，D项transfer“转移”。句意：飞机和火箭可以用来收集放射性碎片，而高空卫星携带探测伽马射线和其他辐射的探测器。根据句意，该题选B正确。14. 单选题A stable society is a delicate balance of forces, a（ ）of equilibrium in which the var

57、iables have been brought into temporary balance. To alter one factor is to set in motion a series of changes and readjustments that depend upon alterations all along the line.问题1选项A.saturationB.continuumC.continuationD.melting point【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。A选项saturation“饱和”；B选项continuum“连续体”；C选项continuatio

58、n“继续”；D选项melting point“熔点”。根据题干内容，a continuum of连续的，为固定搭配，因此B选项正确。句意：社会稳定源于各种力量的微妙平衡。在这种的平衡中，可变因素已经得到了暂时的平衡。改变一个因素便会发生一系列改变和调整。因此B选项正确。15. 单选题While he was building his army by（ ）new local forces, he consistently followed the practice of taking over these corps intact with their commanders and indoct

59、rinating these leaders to ensure their allegiance to himself and his own army.问题1选项A.incorporatingB.having been incorporatedC.incorporatedD.being incorporated【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。incorporate“合并，吸收”。incorporate这个动作是直接由句子的主语“he”来执行的，所以介词by后面直接跟动词的进行时。句意：当他通过新的地方部队来建立他的军队时，他一直遵循这样的做法，即完整地接管这些部队和他们的指挥官，并灌输

60、这些领导人以确保他们效忠于他自己和他自己的军队。因此A选项正确。16. 不定项选择题(1) Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asials deadly bird flu virus, a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.(2) A dozen Vietnamese have died of bird flu since Dec

61、.30, raising concerns that the disease could be re-emerging after an outbreak last year spread to 10 Asian countries, forcing the slaughter of more than 100 million birds.(3) “Its difficult to change their habit but we need to educate them, “Bui Quang Anh, head of the Department for Animal Health, s

62、aid Tuesday.”Once they understand and follow all the instructions, we can prevent the virus from spreading.(4) Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection, Anh said. The most recent outbreak was only

63、reported in small farms, which failed to apply preventive measures, he said.(5) New regulations should include separating ducks from chickens, requiring ducks to be raised in cages and improving hygiene measures, Anh said. Ducks should not roam freely in rice fields as they do now in the southern Mekong Delta, he added.(6) The conference will be looking at a variety of issues, including mass vaccinations, flu research, farm hygiene, anima